chairman of the Library Committee, and with this terminated for the time the American efforts for International Copyright. The concluding paragraph of the Report sums up the opinion of the committee as follows: In view of the whole case, your committee are satisfied that no form of International Copyright can fairly be urged upon Congress upon reasons of general equity or of constitutional law; that the adoption of any plan for the purpose which has been laid before us would be of very doubtful advantage to American authors as a class, and would be not only an unquestionable and permanent injury to the manufacturing interests concerned in producing books, but a hindrance to the diffusion of knowledge among the people and to the cause of universal education; that no plan for the protection of foreign authors has yet been devised which can unite the support of all or nearly all who profess to be favourable to the general object in view; and that, in the opinion of your committee, any project for an International Copyright will be found upon mature deliberation to be inexpedient.1 At With regard to the condition of re-manufacture, whether involving the setting up of the type afresh, or merely the printing from imported stereotypes, I think that Mr. William Appleton' would now be prepared to make a still further concession. In the autumn of 1875 I had a conversation with him in New York, and asked him if he was prepared, in any proposal of International Copyright, to accept the status quo in respect of re-manufacture. present the reprinting publishers occasionally have their reprints entirely manufactured in England; sometimes wholly in America; sometimes again the re-manufacture is partly done in England, partly in America. In any case, the American publisher follows his own convenience in this matter, and is not bound by any hard and fast line, as he would be under the proposed Bill of the "authors Senate Report, No. 409, 42nd Congress, 3rd Session. 'It may be well to mention that the writer of this Paper has no connection by way of relationship or otherwise with any member of the New York firm. and publishers." Upon the supposition that the publisher shall be an American citizen, holding directly from the English author as his assignee, I asked if Mr. Appleton was prepared to waive the clause in his Bill about re-manufacture, and to this I understood him to assent. ON ATHEISM. ATHEISM is the denial of the existence of God. "A0ɛoç ó μǹ voμilwv εivaι Osov (Clem. Strom. 504). In discussing this subject we shall investigate-I. The Name; II. The Thing; III. Its Causes; IV. Its Arguments; V. The Verdict of the Bible upon it; and VI. The Books, Tracts, &c., written in favour of and against it. I. The Name has been applied variously and widely : to Mezentius (Virg. Aen. 7) and the Cyclops (Hom. Od. 9), in Beyerlinck's Magnum Theatrum, &c.; by the Athenians to Diagoras of Melos, and thence to all the Melians, whence "Melius" is applied in the sense of a0ɛoç to Socrates (Aristoph. Nubes, 831), see Suidas, s. v.; to Anaxagoras, Aspasia, &c.; to Euemerus of Messena (Lactantius and Eusebius, Prep. Evan. lib. 2); to Theodorus and Bion (v. Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 1); to the Christians by the pagans (Julian ap. Sozomen. v. 15, cf. Athenagoras, Legatio, and Clem. Strom. 7, who adds, kai ὁμολογοῦμεν τῶν τοιούτων Θεῶν ἄθεοι εἶναι) ; to the pagans by the Christians (Clem. Protrept. p. II; Beza ad Ephes. ii. 12); to the heretics by the orthodox; to Eunomius by St. Jerome (Ep. ad. Pammach.); to Arius by Athanasius, &c.; to Anastasius the Emperor by Zosimus and Paulus Diaconus; by Catholics to Protestants (Possevinus, Bibliot. viii.; Claudius de Sainctes, Tract. Pecul.; Chiconius c. Cuvillum; Campanella, Atheismus Triumph.; Mersenne, Comm. in Genes.); by the Jesuits to the Machiavellians (see Voet, de Ath. p. 116; Lessius, de Provid. Dedic. p. 1); by Perkins to Turks, Jews, and Papists (Works, ii. 526); to Vorst the Calvinist, to Socinians, to Arminians, |