1. Boundaries and Extent. Europe is bounded N. by the Arctic Ocean; E. by the Ural Mountains, the river Ural, the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, and the Archipelago; S. by the Caucasus and the Mediterranean Sea, and W. by the Atlantic Ocean. It lies between 35 and 71° N. lat., and between 10° W. and 64° E. long., exclusive of the islands; its greatest length from east to west is 3,300 miles; its greatest breadth 2,500 miles; area 3,720,000 square miles. 2. Seas and Gulfs. On the northern coast is the White Sea, a large and deep bay, but frozen over a considerable part of the year. Between Great Britain and the continent is the German Ocean, or North Sea, an arm of which, between Jutland and Norway, is called the Scagerac; and another, between Jutland and Sweden, takes the name of the Cattegat. The German Ocean covers an extent of 200,000 square miles, and is divided into two parts by the Dogger Bank. The navigation of this sea is dangerous, being exposed to violent and |