were-first-class 13.23 per cent., secondclass 32 86, third-class 53.91. The Scotch adopting the largest proportion of the cheapest conveyance; the Irish the least. and 4,557,575 acres are set down as bog and waste, an increase, which seems strange, of 19,073 acres. The number of horses wu 604,443, a decrease of 9.729; of cattle. 3,250.396, a decrease of 221,292; of sheep, 3,455,887, a decrease of 100,163; of pigs, 1,151,785, an increase of 49,743. The total value is estimated at 31,204,325l., showing | a decrease from that of 1861 of 1,564,110% This The total length of railway open for traffic in the United Kingdom on Dec. 31, 1862, was 11,551 miles, and the total maintenance of way cost 2,708,6381., or 18.99 per cent.; the locomotive power, 3,966,0051., or 27.79 per cent.; the repairs and renewals of carriages The returns for 1863 have also been pub and waggons, 1,242,714%., or 8*71 per cent.; lished. The inquiries commenced on June the traffic charges (coaching and merchan- 2, and finished in the middle of July. The dise), 3,987,637., or 27.95 per cent.; the first remarkable fact in connexion with the rates and taxes, 596,410l., or 4-18 per cent.; statistics is that the number of acres under the government duty was 375,067., or 2.63 cereal crops this year is again less than per cent.; the compensation for personal was last year by 144,719. The amoun injuries, &c., was 158,169l., or 111 per under crop was-of wheat, 264,766 acres; cent.; the compensation for damage or loss oats, 1,948,986 acres; barley, 171,238 acres ; of goods was 68,540l., or o 48 per cent.; the bere and rye, 8,624 acres; beans and peas legal and parliamentary expenses were 15,148 acres. There has also been ad220,97cl., or 154 per cent.; and the mis- crease in the quantity of land under great cellaneous working expenses not included in crops, amounting to 19.358 acres. the foregoing were 944,259l., or 6.62 per falling off has been chiefly in turnips, man cent.; showing the total working expendi- gold wurtzel, vetches, and rape. În pot ture to have been 14,268,409l. The total toes, however, there has been an increased receipts having been 29.089,100l., the work- 5,514 acres; cabbage, 3,455 acres; carrots, ing expenses absorb 49 per cent. of the parsnips, and other green crops, 4,940 acres. whole. An account of the rolling stock of In meadows and clover also there has bee the various companies shows that 6,398 lo- an increase of 7,724 acres. The increase in comotives were employed; 21,303 carriages the extent of the flax crop is 60,000 acres for passengers, and other vehicles attached which is about 40,000 more than the qua to passenger trains; and 191,821 waggons tity under flax in any year since 18 and other conveyances for live stock, mer- With regard to live stock, the returns als chandise, and minerals. The capital au- show a serious falling off. In horses there thorised to be raised, up to Dec. 31, 1862, is a decrease of 23,715, in cattle 116,615, was 450,596,738., of which 111,819,462l. in sheep 152,201, and in pigs 89,522. The was by loan, the rest by shares. The total total value of the decrease is estimated at raised by shares and loans at the above date | 1,227,0417. But there are indications of was 385,218,4381. There have been 32 pro- improvement in the large increase of anijected lines abandoned, for which the pro-mals under two years old. Under the head posed capital in shares and loans was 16,895,928., upon which 1,064,6437. had been paid. 5.-Agriculture. 93. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS OF IRELAND. The annual abstract for 1862 which has been laid before Parliament shows a decrease in the acreage under cereal crops of 72,734 acres, and in green crops of 74,785 acres, but an increase in meadow and clover of 6,623 acres, in flax of 2,055 acres; leaving a net decrease of 138,841 acres. Wheat decreased from 401,243 acres to 357,816, oats from 1,999,160 to 1,974,737, barley from 198,955 to 192,407, potatoes from 1,133,504 to 1,017,149. Turnips increased from 334,104 acres to 377,149. Of the decrease in land under crops 117,832 acres seem to have merged into grass, and 19,073 used for grazing in 1861 to have been unstocked at the time of the enumeration in 1862. Independently of the growing disposition for pasture land, the means usually applicable for the cultivation of the soil seem to have been lessened by the unfavourable seasons, and consequently diminished yield of the last few seasons. The land under grass in 1862 was 9,651,361 acres, the land under crops 5,751,695 acres; 41,630 acres were in fallow; 317,663 in woods and plantations; "one year old and under two years," there is an increase of 12,771, and “under one year," of 19,148, showing 32,000 head of young cattle more than last year. The returns must be regarded as, on the whole, satisfactory, for the total deficiency in live stock will be nearly compensated for by the increase in the single item of flax, while there must be a large addition to the agricultural wealth of the country, arising from the increased product and superior quality of the crops of the present year. Site of New Foreign Office Holyhead & Port Patrick Harbours Sheriff Court Houses, Scotland 2. The sum expended in 1862-3 was 692,2157., 1,500 and the estimate for 1863-4 is 201,308l, more 12,000 than in the previous year. 19,357 983 95. COST OF THE CENSUS.-The expense 165,000 incurred at the central office (exclusive of 68,339 postage) and in payment of the local officers 114,618 in taking the Census of England and Wales 10,000 was 86,7287. in 1841, 93,132l. in 1851, and 800 95,7197. in 1861. This was in 1841 5l. 98. 6,000 per thousand of the population, in 1851 31,914 5l. 45., and in 1861 4l. 15s. 5d., or rather 6,000 more than a penny per head for every man, 27,000 woman, and child in the kingdom. 33,966 local officers were employed in taking the £893,523 Census of 1861, L X.-JUDICIAL STATISTICS OF ENGLAND AND WALES FOR 1862. 610,9777., and of this 116,5917. was paid by the Treasury; the metropolitan police cost 489,591l., of which 141,3221. was paid by the Treasury; the dockyards' police cost 45,3267., all paid by the Treasury; and the City of London police, 50,2967., all defrayed by the City. The rate for the metropolitan police, at 6d. in the pound, produced 454,653, Under the head of Police and Constabulary there is an increase of 748 in the number of the force over that of 1861, the num-charged upon a rental of 13,595,8187. The ber being 22,161, composed thus: Borough constables County constables Metropolitan police 6,286 7.969 6,566 712 628 The increase in the metropolitan police of 408 was chiefly owing to the International Exhibition, and a gradual reduction has since taken place. The total expense was 1,596,993, of which 1,207,3281. was for salaries and pay; allowances and contingent expenses, 32,3527.; clothing and accoutrements, 113,933l.; superannuations and gratuities, 69,114l.; horses, harness, forage, &c., 33,581l.; station-house charges, printing, stationery, &c., 118,118.; other miscellaneous charges, 22,5671. Of the total cost, 400,8031. was for the police of boroughs, to which the public revenue contributed 82,501.; for counties the charge was average cost per man of the whole force was 72l. Is. 3d., but this includes expenses not fairly chargeable to the police, such as medical attendance and refreshments for sick and destitute prisoners, and for horses, vans, and premises. The cost per man in the metropolitan police, after these deductions are made, would be 627. 78. 3d., while upon the gross sum it was 747. 11s. 3d. per man. That of the borough police was 63l. 158. 3d.; the county constabulary, 761. 138. 4d.; the dockyard police, 63l. 138. 2d.; and the City of London, 8ol. 18. 9d. Criminal Classes.-In 1862 there was an increase of 6,396 over 1861. In the classes of known thieves and receivers of stolen goods the increase was only 3, and in that of suspected persons, 36; of prostitutes there was a decrease of 1,544; 421 were under sixteen. The numbers as given stand thus:- There are also in local prisons (not including debtors and military prisoners) 17,246; in convict prisons, 7,776; and in reformatories, 3,295; a total of 155,368, against 148,972 in 1861. The metropolis continues to hold its rank in the scale of morality, having only 1 of the criminal class in 275 of its population; while the agricultural towns, Ipswich, Exeter, Reading, Shrewsbury, Lincoln, Winchester, Hereford, and Bridgwater, have 1 in 92; and the plea-30 were females; of the whole, 17 were desure towns of Brighton, Bath, Dover, Leamington, Gravesend, Scarborough, and Ramsgate, have 1 in 94. The cotton towns give I in 150; the woollen towns, I in 179; while the seats of the hardware manufactures, Birmingham, Wolverhampton, and Sheffield, have I in 101. The commercial ports figure badly, having 1 in 111 of the criminal classes, and I in 213 of prostitutes, given separately, while the metropolis has only 1 in 574, the hardware towns only 1 in 635, the woollen towns 1 in 609, the agricultural towns 1 in 258, and the pleasure towns 1 in 252. In the rural districts, while the number of the criminal classes had somewhat increased, there was a decrease in the proportion of prostitutes. fences against property, 1,915 forgery and offences against the currency, and 1,274 not included in the above classes, such as riot, attempts to commit suicide, offences against the game laws, indecency, &c. Altogether, there were 20,001 persons tried, 15,896 males and 4,105 females; of these, 4,651 were a quitted or discharged, 19 were not tried, and 19 acquitted on the ground of insanity. The commitments for murder were 77, of these tained as insane, 28 were convicted, and r were left for execution, but one committed suicide on the morning intended for his execution; 10 had their sentences commuted to penal servitude for life, I to 12 months' inprisonment, and I sent to Bethlem Hospital. The total number of convictions was 15,312 of which 1,543 were for offences against the person (including those for murder already mentioned), 1,866 for offences against property with violence, 10,545 for offences against property without violence, 223 for malicious offences against property, 674 forgery and offences against the currency, and 461 for other offences not included in the foregoing classes. Of the punishments 1 was sentenced to death (exclusive of thes for murder), 25 to penal servitude for it. 35 for more than 15 years, 86 for periods te tween 15 and 10 years, 506 for periods be tween 10 and 6 years, 591 between 6 and 4 years, 770 for 4 years, and 1,154 for 3 years. ing from 3 years to I month, sometimes Of imprisonments for shorter periods, vary accompanied with whipping, there were 11,708. There were 236 sent to reformtories and industrial schools, and 172 were 460 whipped and discharged. The number of houses of bad character show a decrease on the total of 612, but a trifling increase in the number of beer-shops and coffee-shops. The numbers are as follow: Houses of receivers of stolen goods. Public-houses, resorts of thieves and prostitutes Beer-shops Coffee-shops ditto ditto Other suspected houses ditto 2,665 2,216 2,422 During the year, the police had information of 53,325 indictable crimes, and 29,220 persons had been apprehended. The winter quarters are most prolific in crime; the quarterly returns of crimes committed and persons apprehended were Crimes. Apprehensions. Oct. to Dec. 14,271 7,393 April to June 12,337 7,083 July to Sept. 12,468 7,369 29,220 1,629 In the summary proceedings before ma7.517 gistrates there was an increase of 14,291 6,395 charges, the number for the year ending at 23.304 Michaelmas, 1862, being 409,008, of whom 325,884 were males and 83,124 were females. Of these, 227,260 males and 47,709 females were convicted; that is, 69.7 per cent. of the males, and 549 per cent. of the females, a disproportion that has been observed for several years, and which is exactly the same as in 1861. Of those convicted, 86 were imprisoned for periods exceeding six months, 2,733 for periods of not more than six months nor less than three months, 7,979 for periods between three and two | months, 10,867 for periods between two months and one month, 23,195 for one month and not less than 14 days, 25,963 for less than 14 days, 1,170 were sent to reOf the persons apprehended, 22,216 were formatory schools, 166,013 were fined, 350 males and 7,004 were females; 6,374 males were whipped, 10,596 were ordered to enter and 2,929 females were discharged; 107 into recognizances or to find sureties for good males and 24 females were discharged on behaviour, 1,999 were delivered up to the bail to appear if required; 1,200 males and army or navy, and 21,918 condemned to 247 females were bailed to appear for trial; other punishments. Of the charges, lar 55 males and 8 females were committed for cenies or attempts to steal numbered 46,894, want of sureties; and 14,480 males and an increase of 8.9 per cent.; malicious of 3,796 females were committed for trial. Of fences against property, and trespass, 4,277 the crimes committed, 2,536 were offences an increase of 7.6 per cent.; assaults, 79.374 against the person, including 124 cases of an increase of 34 per cent., while the asmurder; 5,746 were offences against pro-saults on women and children have decreased perty with violence, 41,191 offences against 2.3 per cent., and the increase of assaults on property without violence, 563 malicious of- | peace officers was 89 per cent.; offences 53,225 Coroners' Inquests.-In 1862 there were praved, females seem, from this constantly 20,591 inquests, on 14,198 males and 6,393 recurring disproportion, to be less restrainfemales; a decrease of 36 per cent. on the able than males. It exists, as we have remales, jand of 1 per cent. on the females. marked in previous years, only in these two Verdicts of murder were found in 118 cases classes. Of the other commitments, 14,182 of males and 103 of females; of the total, males and 4,605 females had been committed 124 were cases of infants of 1 year old or once previously; 5,923 males and 2,448 feunder. There were 207 verdicts of man- males twice; and 7,515 males and 4,318 feslaughter, 2 of justifiable homicide, 1,284 of males from three times to less than seven. suicide, 9,005 of accidental death, 2,429 were Of the total commitments, exclusive of found dead, 235 died from injuries of which debtors and military prisoners, 1,531 were the causes were unknown, by natural death under 12 years of age; 6,818 were 12 and 7,118, including 211 from drunkenness, under 16; 26,068 were 16 and under 21; and 157 from want, cold, and exposure. Of 42,82; were 21 and under 30; 24,365 were the whole number, 3,149 were on infants 30 and under 40; 14,258 were 40 and under under a year old, and of these 859 were il50; 6,152 were 50 and under 60; 3,238 were legitimate; 2,852 were above 1 year and under 7 years, 1,555 were between 7 and 16, 9,663 were between 16 and 60, and 3,371 were 60 and above. The total cost of the inquests was 65,1027., an average of 31. 38. 3d. per inquest; an increase of 18. 3d. per inquest, but a decrease on the total amount of 1471. above 60; and of 222 the age was not ascertained. The total is 125,475, and though an increase on the whole, there is a considerable and satisfactory decrease in the numbers under 16-452, or 5'4 per cent., pointing to a diminution of juvenile crime. The offenders were thus distributed according to their birth-places:-England, 97,507; Wales, 3,579; Scotland, 2,368; Ireland, 18,223; colonies and East Indies, 560; foreign Prisons. The total number of commit- countries, 1,814; not ascertained, 1,424; an ments to prison during the year ending increase in every class except that of the Sept. 29, 1862, was 141,742, an increase of colonies. The state of instruction seems to 12,504, or 8.8 per cent., above the preceding vary little from 1861; but there was an inyear, the greatest increase being on sum-crease, about 1 per cent., of those who could mary convictions. Of the whole number neither read nor write, and a fractional de104,684 were males and 34,058 were females. crease of those who could read and write There were committed for trial and tried well. The numbers were20,282 persons; on summary convictions, 92,895; for want of sureties, 3,038; remanded and discharged, 9,260; for debt and on civil process, 13,255; and for military and naval offences, 3,012. There were 44,877 recommittals, an increase of 6,095; of the total, 1,085 males and 2,968 females had been com#mitted more than ten times; and 804 males and 929 females between ten times and seven times. When once thoroughly de Neither read nor write Read and write well. Males. Females. 30,794 13,278 56,160 19.326 4,260 563 270 627 26 171 Total 92,111 33,36 A further decrease in prison accommodation of 203 is shown in the returns for 1862; but there was still ample room for the highest number of prisoners confined at one time during the year, the number of prisoners provided for being 27,255, while the greatest number of persons in confinement at one time was 22,198, and the daily average through the year was 18,033; but in 21 prisons (there are 147 altogether) the greatest number provided for was occasionally exceeded; and at Coldbath Fields, Portsmouth, and Stafford the daily average was in excess of the accommodation; and with a trifle less of accommodation, the daily average of the whole was higher by 9'2 per cent. than in 1861. The number of deaths in prison had been 189, exceeding those of the preceding year by 13. Cases of sickness were very numerous, 62,654 being the total number, of which 58,513 are termed slight indispositions, probably the results of previous excess, or the change of diet and habits; and there are 159 cases of insanity. The greatest number of sick at one time had been 1,950. In the year there had been 41,577 prison punishments; 83 whippings, 94 handcuffs, 11,610 solitary or dark cells, 27,317 stoppages of diet, and 2,473 other punishments. Of the total, 5,269 were women-a smaller proportion than last year; none of them were whipped, and only 17 were handcuffed. The number of criminals in prison at the commencement of the year was 15,955; the committals during the year were 141,742; he discharges and removals, including removals to reformatories and other prisons, were 143,813; and there remained at the end of the year 17,620. The total cost for prisons and prisoners was 527,790%., a decrease of 14,616l. (14,516l. in Report); but the decrease on buildings and extraordinary charges was 20,7891., and on ordinary annual charges 6221.; while the increase on the charge for prisoners shows an increase, owing, no doubt, to the larger number of prisoners, of 10,8361. The average annual cost for each prisoner was, for buildings and fittings, 51. 18. 9d.; for ordinary annual charges, repairs, fuel, furniture, printing, &c., 51.68. 7d.; for officers, attendants, &c., Iol. 6s. 3d.; and for diet, clothing, &c., 87. 10. 6d.; a total average of 291. 58. 1d., or, omitting # charges for buildings and fittings, 24.33.44 a decrease in 1861 of 1l. 168. 11d. per hest But the average varies greatly. In Oakham county jail and house of correction, wher the numbers are small, it reaches 971, 16s. &1 at Lincoln jail it was 63l. 138. 7d.'; while st Barnstaple house of correction, where it wa lowest, it was not more than 14%. os. 4d. The prison receipts for the year, consisting chiefly of the product of prisoners' labour, 33.471.; the local rates yielded 391,810 and 102,5091. was defrayed from the phr revenue. In the 10 convict prisons, in whic there has been no alteration of their p poses, there were 7,570 convicts underge sentence at the commencement of the yer of whom 6,372 were males and 1,198 females there was an addition during the year 3,672 males and 426 females, making a tota of 11,668. Of these 466 were sent to Westen Australia; 657 to Gibraltar; 10 were r moved to county jails; 34 to lunatic asyluma of whom 5 were females; 223 males and females were discharged on the terminatin of their sentence; 2,005 males and 375 2 males on tickets of leave; 15 males on on mutation of sentence, and II males and females were pardoned; 65 males and 3 †males died; and 5 males escaped: there we thus 3,892 disposed of in the year, leaving 7,776 in confinement at its close, 6,558 mais and 1,218 females. The punishments duris the year numbered 6,792, of which only were of corporal punishment, the others so tary cells, stoppage of diet, and similar min punishments, and the whole shows a gu decrease from 1861. The cost of the conve establishments for the year was 264,990, the average annual cost of each prisone 341. ros. 6d.; while the productive labour had produced 8,3317, and the sale of o stores and other receipts amounted to 6,144 At Portland, Portsmouth, and Chatham the value of the convicts' labour is estimate at an average of 24l. 143. 1d. per head The criminal lunatics under detention s the beginning of the year numbered 799; there were received during the year 218; the total, 43 died, 7 escaped, 65 were d charged on becoming sane, 14, on becoming sane, were removed for trial or punishment, and 25 were removed to other asylums There remained under detention 863. The total charge for the year was 28,260l., an i crease of 1,5991. over the charge for 1861. This amount is furnished from county rate 4,4687.; borough rates or funds, 1,246.; p rish rates, 5,905l.; public revenue, 15,104 and from private funds, 1,5371. Reformatory Schools. In 1862 the formatory schools only increased by one, tw having been added and the certificate of one withdrawn. The number is now 52. In the year 1,064 had been committed to them, whom 217 were girls. Of the whole, 45 boys and 52 girls had been previously prison, one above ten times, and all under went short periods of imprisonment befor being sent to the reformatory, where they were to be detained for periods varying from |