in 1549, under a warrant from his own brother, the Protector Somerset ; and between the two queens lies the protector himself, brought from the scaffold a few months afterwards. John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, the rival of the latter, also decapitated, rests here, as do the unfortunate Lady Jane Grey, an unwilling usurper of a throne, and her husband, Lord Dudley.

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, his son Philip, Earl of Arundel, and the impetuous Essex, the favourite of Queen Elizabeth, were buried here during her reign. In 1685, the body of James, Duke of Monmouth, the profligate son of the "merry monarch," who was beheaded for high treason, was placed beneath the communion-table; and at the west end of the church, beneath the gallery, are those of the Lords Kilmarnock, Balmerino, and Lovat, leaders in the rebellion of 1745. Nor should we omit in this mournful catalogue, the name of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, who was originally a blacksmith's son, but raised himself by his talents to be the first minister of King Henry VIII. and was his chief agent in the overthrow of the papal supremacy. Having offended the King, he was committed to the Tower on a charge of high treason, and notwithstanding the most humble supplication for mercy, was beheaded in 1540. A letter which he addressed to Henry, and which is said to have drawn tears from the King's eyes, concluded thus, "I, a most woeful prisoner, am ready to submit to death, when it shall please God and your majesty; and yet the frail flesh incites me to call to your grace for mercy and pardon of mine offences. Written at the Tower, with the heavy heart and trembling hand of your highness's most miserable prisoner and poor slave, Thomas Crom

well." And a little below, " Most gracious Prince, I cry for mercy! mercy ! mercy!

It need scarcely be said, that

"No storied urn nor animated bust"

commemorates the unfortunate or the guilty individuals whose names and memories we have thus briefly mentioned. There are some few monuments within the church, but these have relation to other and less notorious characters. At the west end of the north aile stands an enriched altar tomb to the memory of Sir Richard Cholmondeley, Knight, Lieutenant of the Tower, and his wife, Lady Elizabeth, who died in the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. The recumbent effigies, which appear on the top, represent the knight in plate armour, (having a collar and pendant around his neck, with his hands clasped devotionally on his breast,) and the lady in a plain vest and pointed head-dress.

The tomb, as may be seen by the annexed engraving has small twisted columns at the angles, and is divided on the face into square compartments, which enclose blank shields and lozenges. This monument, it is said, formerly stood in the body of the church, but was removed, for convenience-sake, to the dark corner it now occupies.1

Several mural tablets are disposed about the church; and on the north side of the chancel stands a richly ornamented marble monument to the memory of Sir Richard Blount, and Sir Michael, his son, who died in the sixteenth century. Within alcoves formed beneath an entablature supported on columns, and ornamented with cherubim and shields, are seen figures, representing, in one, the knight and his sons clad in armour, and in the other his wife and daughters.

On the floor, in the nave, is a small and unassuming slab inscribed Talbot Edwards, gent. who died September 30, 1674, aged 80 years and 9 months. When Captain Blood made his daring attempt to steal the jewels from the Tower, in 1673, Edwards was keeper of the regalia, and but for his intrepidity and presence of mind the ruffian would have succeeded. The faithful conduct of Edwards was not rewarded in the way that it deserved; he was promised two hundred pounds, but it was so long before this promise was performed, that the poor old man was obliged to sell his order for one hundred pounds in ready money, while the bold villain, who had perpetrated the outrage, was basking in the favour of the court.

2

The remains of Mr. George Holmes, the first vicepresident of the Society of Antiquaries, and deputy-keeper

1 Maitland's "History of London," Vol. I. p. 148.
2 Pennant's "London," ut supra, &c.

of the Records in the Tower, were interred here in 1748; and various plain tablets commemorate other officers of the Tower who have been buried since.

On the outside of the church there are two monuments enclosed by railing; one on the east side of the porch, which is greatly dilapidated, and another against the east end of the aile. The latter is to the The latter is to the memory of William Bridges, Esq. Surveyor-general of the Ordnance under Queen Anne.

The Tower is a parish of itself, says Stow, (B. I. p. 68) and it hath some territories without, as Little Tower Hill; which was therefore called "the King's soil of Little Tower Hill;" adjoining to which was a place called the "King's Wast, of Rosemary Lane, or Hog Lane;" but their boundaries have afforded matter for much controversy. In the reigns of Henry III. and Edward I., the officiating chaplains of this Church received fifty shillings per annum from the Exchequer; afterwards a yearly rent of sixty shillings was substituted, and the chaplain was termed rector. In 1354, however, Edward III. converted this chapel into a sort of collegiate church, and appointed three chaplains, in addition to the rector; granting them, besides the beforementioned sixty shillings, a rent of thirty-one shillings and eight-pence from tenements in Tower Hill and Petty Wales; another rent of five shillings near the Hospital of St. Katharine; and certain tribute from stalbotes, &c. ("a kind of fisher-boat") on the River Thames; together with ten marks from the Exchequer, twenty shillings from the Constable of the Tower,1 ten shillings from the Clerk

1 Relative to the chief officers of the Tower, Malcolm says, (“ Londinium Redivivum," Vol. IV. p. 624.) "The salary of the Constable was for many years £1000. per annum. This officer has the honour and title of chief governor, but the executive part of the trust is vested in the Lieutenant, who

of the Mint, thirteen and four-pence from the Master of the Mint, and one penny per week from the wages of each workman and teller of coins therein.

The church or chapel of St. Peter was exempt from episcopal authority till the time of Edward VI. who put it under the controul of the Bishop of London. The advowson is in the Crown, and the chaplain receives annually from the Exchequer £115. 5s. 1

1

The present chaplain is the Rev. R. Bayley.

is in the commission of the peace for the counties of Middlesex, Kent, and Surrey, by virtue of his office; but he is in all things to act under and be subordinate to the Constable. He had, besides his salary of £700., considerable perquisites; some of which were, a fee of £200. for every Duke committed to his custody; for a peer under that degree £100. and for each commoner £50. and the disposal of the forty yeoman-warders' places, as deaths occurred, with the controul of the physician, the gentleman porter, and gunner."

1 Bayley's" History," Part I. pp. 127, 128.