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almost miraculous. His belt, epaulettes, and cap, were torn away by shell and bullets, but his person was untouched. In the grand charge of the guards, he was the officer who first jumped over the embrasures of the Russian battery, and marked, with the point of his sword, on the only gun captured in the battle, Grenadier Guards, Company, No. 7." The gun had, however, been previously in the possession of a regiment of the line, and the piece was, accordingly, awarded to the first captors. At Inkermann he defended, at the head of his company, the Sand-bag Battery-the key to our position-with a tenacity which reflected the highest credit on his pluck and judgment. Lieutenant-Colonel Pakenham fell at Inkermann, at the head of his men, pierced by many wounds. He was carried to his tent, where he lingered till midnight, and then died, his last words being as to the issue of that bloody day. He was laid in a soldier's grave on the next day, by his cousins, also officers in the same gallant corps as that at the head of which he offered up his life. His name will share the glory achieved at the Alma and at Inkermann by England's guards.

LIEUTENANT J. W. SWABY, 41ST REGIMENT.

AMONG those who covered themselves with glory at the battle of Inkermann, was Lieutenant J. W. Swaby, of the 41st Regiment. This gallant and deeply-lamented officer was the second and youngest son of George Swaby, Esq., of Mount Pleasant and Belmont, in the Island of Jamaica, where the family have long held large estates. He was born at Southampton, on the 16th of October, 1830, and at his death had just completed his 24th year. His only brother, Lieutenant George Swaby, of the 18th (Royal Irish) served in China, India, and Burmah, and was in command of a detachment on board the unfortunate "Buckinghamshire," when she was destroyed by fire off Culpie, on the night of the 3rd of March, 1851, while on the passage from Calcutta to England.

The subject of this memoir having at an early age evinced a strong predilection for a military life, his studies were directed to qualifying himself for entering the service. He was placed at school on the continent, where he received not only an excellent education, but all the accomplishments a refined taste could desire. When in his 20th year, his friends, yielding to his wishes, procured him an Ensigney by purchase, in the 41st Regiment, which he joined on the 16th of August, 1850, at the depôt then quartered in Ireland. Young Swaby had not been many weeks in the regiment when his talents and strict attention to his duties attracted the notice of his superiors. His amiable disposition and high and generous nature won him the esteem and affection of his brother officers, and the respect of the men under his immediate command. After a short service in Ireland he was ordered to Malta, where the head-quarters of the regiment were stationed, and after a brief sojourn he sailed from that island to join the expeditionary force under the command of Lord Raglan.

During the long period of inaction which followed at Varna, and while cholera was decimating our ranks, and when the spirits of the stoutest began to droop, he retained that cheerful and lively disposition for which he was remarkable. In the midst of gloomy speculations his sallies of wit and humour shed sunrays of hope around, and rendered him doubly dear to those who came within the circle of his acquaintance. While here he kept up not only a constant correspondence with his friends in England, but occupied his leisure hours with his pencil, an accomplishment in which he excelled. Besides many sketches full of life and spirit, he contributed others of a more humorous character, which have been made known to the public through the pages of Punch. Having landed with his regiment in the Crimea, Lieutenant Swaby was present at the battle of the Alma, at the subsequent siege operations before Sebastopol, and bore an honourable part in the brilliant repulse of the Russians by the second division, under the command of General Evans on the 26th of October. Through the perils of these encounters the young soldier came without a wound.

On the morning of the 5th of November, however, the bloody encounter at Inkermann brought Lieut. Swaby again into the field. In that battle his regiment bore a distinguished part. Lieutenant Swaby was in front, commanding a party of skirmishers. Cool and resolute in the hour of danger-the moment that tries the mettle of a leader-this gallant fellow saw with the quick perception for which he had long gained credit in the corps, that everything, even to the safety of our position, depended upon a stubborn stand being made by our handful of men against the fearful odds they had to contend with, and steeling himself to the occasion, he, as repeatedly as the fire from the Russian columns thinned his men, rallied them to a bold front. And most nobly did his fine fellows answer to all their young commander could demand from them; for not an inch was given until, seeing themselves surrounded, retreat, if possible, became an imperative duty. It may be thought that Lieut. Swaby should also have retired. As the reputation of a British officer is too dear to be left open to the chance of future censure, most frequently conveyed in expressions of commiseration, it becomes our duty to prove beyond all doubt that this officer not only sustained the honour of the flag by his bravery, but that by refusing to give way he also preserved intact the prudence which should never forsake a man appointed to command. His men called upon and begged him to retire; he refused. He had received orders, and until recalled in proper form from his position he had determined to die rather than retreat, terrible as was the fire he was exposed to. This was not stubbornness-it was duty, heroically discharged. His immediate superior in command, it appears, had also called upon him to fall back; but that officer, Captain Meredith, says, I am not sure that I was heard." Had his order reached Lieutenant Swaby, most surely he, whose characteristic was implicit obedience, would have acted upon it. True, then, to that glorious firmness of resolve inseparable from a British soldier, he who was cheerful and affable by the camp-fire, stood like a lion

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at bay before the enemy, and fell as a brave man should fall, covered with wounds. That death can better be appreciated by the country from the following tribute to the memory of the poor fellow, by his commanding officer, than by anything we could essay. Major Goodwyn writes thus to Lieutenant Swaby, of the 18th (Royal Irish):-"His men, seeing themselves surrounded, begged of your brother to retire, but he answered, 'No, I shall not; I will fight to the last.' He was seen to fire his revolver several times, and then to use his sword. His body was brought in three hours after the battle, pierced with nine wounds, the fatal one being a gun-shot through the abdomen. By his side was the dead body of a Russian officer with a deep sword-cut through the head. He was buried the next morning, the chaplain of the division reading the funeral service, and the whole regiment attending. His men speak of him with the deepest regret, and are unanimous in admiration of his gallantry and courage."

Lieutenant J. W. Swaby married, in 1851, the only daughter of S. B. Hamer, of Daleside, near Thirsk, Yorkshire, and has left a young widow and infant son, with a large circle of relatives and friends to deplore his early death. By them his memory will be long and affectionately cherished; by his country his bravery will never be forgotten; it will live in the words, I will fight to the last." Will the Horse Guards take care of the son?

BRIGADIER-GENERAL GOLDIE.

BRIGADIER-GENERAL THOMAS LEIGH GOLDIE, was the second son of the late General Alexander John Goldie, of the Nunnery, in the Isle of Man, and grandson of the late Lieutenant-General Thomas Goldie, of Goldie Leigh, in the county of Dumfries, nephew of the present Lieutenant-General George Leigh Goldie. The gallant officer came from a family distinguished for military services, and which for centuries numbered among its various branches soldiers actively and honourably known in the annals of war. Brigadier Goldie entered the service on the 13th of June, 1825, as Ensign in the 66th regiment. On the 10th of December, in the same year, he became Lieutenant, and on the 24th November, 1828, he obtained his Company. On the 28th December, 1838, he got his Majority, and became Lieutenant-Colonel by brevet, on the 20th of March, 1840. General Goldie was remarkable for his sound knowledge of infantry tactics, and wrote several books upon the subject, which attracted the attention of the authorities at the Horse Guards. Upon the declaration of war against Russia, Lord Hardinge, alive to the merits of the officer, ordered him for immediate service, and appointed him Brigadier-General in Major-General Sir George Cathcart's division of the army for the East. At Alma he particularly distinguished himself, though his division was not actively engaged in that battle, and he escaped the danger of that day without the slightest mishap. At the late sanguinary battle of Inkermann,

on the 5th Nov., General Goldie accompanied Sir George Cathcart in the desperate charge made by his chief upon the massive columns of the enemy, and almost at the same moment as Sir George received his death-wound, poor Goldie was shot in the head. If there be one feature more melancholy than another in the war now raging in the Crimea, it is that we have lost many officers of rare promise, who have been cut down too prematurely for their hopes of doing great things having the chance of realization. Goldie was one of those men. He is thus mentioned by Lord Raglan:-" Brigadier-General Goldie was an officer of considerable promise, and gave great satisfaction to all under whom he has served."

MAJOR EDWARD ROOPER, OF THE RIFLE BRIGADE.

MAJOR EDWARD ROOPER, of the Rifle Brigade, was the youngest son of the Rev. Thomas R. Rooper, of Wick-hill, Brighton, some years Rector of Abbot's Ripton, Hunts, and was born in the year 1818. His family, for upwards of a century, resided at Berkhampstead Castle, Hertfordshire, down to the year 1806, when that demesne passed by purchase to the late Earl of Bridgewater. He was educated first at Shrewsbury, under Dr. Butler, and afterwards at Bury, under the Rev. John Edwards. Having evinced a strong liking for a military life, he, on the 24th of January, 1834, his 16th birthday, was gazetted, without purchase, a Second Lieutenant in the Rifle Brigade. On the 5th of July, 1839, he became full Lieutenant, by purchase, and Captain, by purchase, on the 2nd of September, 1842. The gallant officer, long before the expedition to the Crimea, had seen some hard service, he having been actively engaged during the two campaigns against the Kaffirs, under Sir Harry Smith and Sir George Cathcart. The many encounters our troops had with those wily savages were of a desperate character, the cunning of their chiefs embracing a strategy often baffling to our more civilized system of warfare. Hence it was that our officers in command against such foes were obliged to exercise all the intelligence they possessed to cope with their opponents; and an experience in such a field was considered by military authorities superior to all study of the theory of not only warfare, but of that which set, in many instances, the development of the received mode of attack and defence at defiance, while those at home only dwelt upon the fact of our having to contend with creatures scarcely one stage removed from the brutes of the field. In the two campaigns just mentioned, Mr. Rooper had so distinguished himself as to earn from the respective commanders the highest praise for his bravery and sagacity. From Sir George Cathcart he had the happiness to receive many marks of regard and approbation. During the short interval of peace following the first Kaffir war he was appointed local magistrate at East London, Buffalo river mouth, and upon his leaving that district, he, a young man in his thirty-second year, had the following testimonial of his efficiency presented to him:

"East London, Buffalo River Mouth, "April the 6th, 1850.

"To Edward Rooper, Esq., Captain of the Rifle Brigade, Resident Magistrate, &c.

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'Sir,-On the eve of your quitting this post and your necessary retirement from the office of resident magistrate for East London, it would not be common gratitude were we to witness your embarkation without previously recording the very high sense we entertain of the uniform kind and affable deportment which during your residence here you have observed towards each and all, of the very honourable and impartial manner in which you have administered the duties attached to your magisterial office, and also of the great interest you have invariably taken in the welfare of this town, that we may here state with perfect sincerity that the line of conduct you have thus pursued has endeared you to us all, and that deeply we regret your leaving our port. We pray that wherever your steps may hereafter lead, the blessing of the Almighty will be your invariable lot.

"With every respect we remain, Sir,

66 Your most obedient servants."

This testimony to his worth and services, as honourable to the receiver as to the givers, was signed by nearly the whole of the inhabitants of East London. We wish to give as much as possible the sentiments of our departed brave, for it is by such legacies we become acquainted with the character of those who, without such reminiscences, are known to us but imperfectly, and over whom the grave would indeed close silently, but for their display of heroism in the open field, whereas many among them had virtues and qualifications that go not only to make up the valiant soldier, but the good citizen. In accordance with such feelings we give, as it were from the tomb, proofs of the worth we have lost by the death of such a man as Major Rooper. In reply to the above testimonial, he says:

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Gentlemen, I have the honour to acknowledge and to thank you for your letter of this day's date. It is most gratifying to me to find that the goodwill I bear to the inhabitants of East London is reciprocated by them, and that in the (to me) novel position in which I have been placed, my conduct has obtained their good opinion. With every good wish for the health and welfare of each and all, and for the general prosperity of the port,

"I have the honour to remain, gentlemen, your obedient and obliged servant, "EDWARD ROOPER."

At the end of the second Kaffir war he was appointed, by Sir George Cathcart, one of the commissioners for inquiring into the claims of settlers, for the losses they had sustained from the inroads of the enemy; and in that delicate position where few, if any, were to be found disposed to underrate their injuries, he acquitted himself to the satisfaction of not only the high authority under whom he had acted, but to that of the claimants themselves. While