SURGERY.

The Board of Examiners.

CASES FOR COMMENTARY.

1. A woman, æt. 36, the mother of five children, has gradually become aware of altered sensations in the left side of her abdomen. She suffers from constipation, is distinctly neurasthenic, and has lost weight during the last two years. She suddenly discovers the presence of a large lump in her left flank coming round towards the inguinal region. This rounded lump was tender, slightly movable, and disappeared as rapidly as it became manifest. In this sequence of events, which have occurred several times, she has noticed that the quantity of urine passed varied within wide limits. What is the condition present? How would you treat it? Describe any operation you consider necessary.

2. A robust young farmer, of excellent personal and family history, complains of great shortness of breath on any exertion whatever. This condition has come on slowly. He has had no other symptom, except that he spat up some bright blood on one occasion about a fortnight ago. Examination finds his heart to be healthy, but a circular area in the axillary region, about the size of a saucer, is found to be quite dull on percussion. This dulness, which is very defined, extends from the level of the third rib down to the eighth, and it is not affected by alteration of the patient's position. There is no tenderness

H 2

or pain, but measurement is slightly increased on the left side. Comment on the diagnosis of this case. Give your treatment, and the details of any operation you may think necessary. Comment on the prognosis with operation and without operation.

FINAL HONOUR EXAMINATION IN

ENGINEERING.

CIVIL ENGINEERING-PART II.

FIRST PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. A main road in a densely forested district with heavy rainfall, but little snow, crosses a range rising 1,200 feet in 3 miles on the southern and falling 600 feet in 3 miles on the northern side, the road being usually on a sideling slope varying from 1 in 2 to 1 in 10. Fairly hard rock suitable for road making is found at a depth of from 2 to 6 feet, and is surmounted by fertile chocolate soil. Discuss fully, with illustrative sketches, the process of locating, constructing, and maintaining this road, giving special attention to the mode of dealing with numerous springs and streams crossing it.

2. Write an Essay on the most approved methods of constructing, maintaining, and cleansing streets

in Victorian towns of from 2,000 to 10,000 inhabitants.

3. Discuss fully the relative advantages and disadvantages of cable and electric tramways, and express your views as to the probability of the Melbourne system being altered to the latter.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.-PART II.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Write an Essay on various methods of constructing and working railways in rugged country when specially steep grades and sharp curves are unavoidable.

2. Discuss the prospects of the electric locomotive supplanting the steam locomotive on railways.

3. What are the special characteristics of the American locomotive, and what are, in your opinion, its merits and demerits as compared with the English locomotives? Illustrate your answer by a detailed sketch and numerical particulars of an American locomotive of modern type.

4. Describe and criticise, with neat illustrative sketches, as many Australian commercial harbours as you

can.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

FIRST PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. State and illustrate Kennedy's definition of a machine.

2. Define and illustrate the following terms :- -Virtual centre, centrode, axode, higher pair, slidercrank.

3. An ordinary steam-engine has a piston 100 square inches area and 2 feet stroke. The connecting rod is 5 feet long. Determine the tangential effort on the crank at each 30°, and represent the same by a suitable diagram, the steam pressure being 100 lbs. per square inch cut off at stroke.

4. An air compressor consists of two steam and two air cylinders, each air cylinder being tandem to its steam cylinder. There are two connecting rods and two cranks at right angles on one shaft. The steam cylinders are provided with an inter-heater and the air cylinders with an inter-cooler. Discuss fully the action of this machine, state exactly the function of the flywheel, propose dimensions for the steam and air cylinders, and draw their indicator diagrams, the steam and air pressure being both 100 lbs. per square inch above the atmosphere, and the required supply of cold air being 1 cubic foot per revolution.

5. Describe carefully, with all necessary sketches, a complete test of a large compound engine and boiler for a factory, and show how you would arrange the results in the form of a balancesheet.

6. Neatly sketch, describe, and criticise the following types of valve and valve gear:—

(a) Slide valve, with link motion, as in locomotives.

(b) The Rider system, as used in some of the Melbourne tramway power houses.

(c) The Marshall system, as on the s.s. Courier, with both piston valves and slide valves.

'd) The Corliss gear.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Write an Essay on Governors; and explain the terms-Height, stability, isochronism, astatic,

hunting.

2. Write an Essay on the design of toothed wheels, in view of smooth running, economy of power, and strength.