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That, changed through all, and yet in all the same,
Great in the earth as in the ethereal frame,
Warms in the sun, refreshes in the breeze,
Glows in the stars, and blossoms in the trees,
Lives through all life, extends through all extent,
Spreads undivided, operates unspent,

Breathes in our soul, informs our mortal part,—
As full, as perfect, in a hair as heart;
As full, as perfect, in vile man that mourns,
As the rapt seraph that adores and burns:
To him, no high, no low, no great, no small:
He fills, he bounds, connects, and equals all.
Cease, then, nor order imperfection name:
Our proper bliss depends on what we blame.
Know thy own point: This kind, this due degree,
Of blindness, weakness, Heaven bestows on thee.
Submit. In this or any other sphere
Secure to be as blest as thou canst bear;
Safe in the hand of one disposing Power,

Or in the natal or the mortal hour.

ANALYSIS.-63. Give construction of That. Name the predicates. changed through all. What does the phrase modify?

64. Great in the earth, etc. Supply ellipsis in this line. 68. Parse undivided and unspent.

70. As full, as perfect, etc. Supply ellipsis.

in a hair as heart.

72. As the rapt seraph.

73. To him no high, etc.

Supply ellipsis.

Supply ellipsis.

What is the meaning of this line?

75. nor order imperfection name; that is, do not call order imperfection. Imperfection is here a factitive noun. (See Raub's Grammar, p. 164, note 4.)

76 Dispose of what.

77. Know thy own point, etc. Naturally, what follows would be ir ¡roduced by the conjunction that.

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81. Point out and name the figure.

82. Or.... or. According to modern usage this would be either .... or. Meaning of natal and mortal hour?

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All nature is but art, unknown to thee;

All chance, direction which thou canst not see;

All discord, harmony not understood;

85

All partial evil, universal good.

And spite of pride, in erring reason's spite.
One truth is clear: Whatever is, is right.

ANALYSIS.-83-86. Supply ellipsis. Rewrite. Name the subjects and the predicates.

88. Whatever is, is right. Give grammatical construction of each of these words. The whole sentence is in apposition with what?

CONTEMPORANEOUS WRITERS.

POETS.

Matthew Prior (1664–1721).—Educated at St. John's College, Cambridge. In early life a waiter at a hotel. Author of Solomon and a number of lighter poems.

John Gay (1688-1732).—A brilliant poet. Noted for his grace of expression. Author of Trivia and The Beggar's Opera.

Dr. Edward Young (1681-1765).-Author of Night Thoughts, a sombre poem, written in blank verse.

Allan Ramsay (1686–1758).—A Scotch writer, mostly of lyrics. First a wig-maker, then a bookseller. Author of The Gentle Shepherd and The Yellow-haired Laddie.

James Thomson (1700-1748).—The son of a minister. Educated at the University of Edinburgh. Was made surveyorgeneral of the Leeward Islands, where he paid a man to do the work while he spent the time in writing poetry, Author of The Seasons and The Castle of Indolence.

William Collins (1721-1759).-Celebrated as a writer of odes. Educated at Oxford. Was also a fine descriptive writer. His best poems are The Passions and his odes to Liberty and Evening. Mark Akenside (1721-1770).-Was a physician. His chief poem is his Pleasures of the Imagination

PROSE WRITERS.

Sir Richard Steele (1671-1729).-A great essayist. Born in Dublin of English parents. A schoolmate of Addison, both in London and at Oxford. Founded The Tatler in 1709, the original of periodical literature. Began The Spectator with Addison in 1711, both being contributors of rare merit. Died in poverty in Wales, having been a great spendthrift most of his life.

Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).—A writer of keen satires. Educated at Trinity College, Dublin. Took holy orders in 1693. Became dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, in 1713. His two greatest works are the Tale of a Tub, a satire on Presbyterians and Papists, and Gulliver's Travels, a political satire. Swift died insane.

Daniel Defoe (1661-1731).—The son of a London butcher. A voluminous writer of fiction and political pamphlets. Was unexcelled in painting fiction in the colors of truth. His style is simple and natural. Author of Robinson Crusoe.

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727).—A distinguished philosopher. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge. Author of Principia, a work on Optics, etc.

George Berkeley (1684-1753).-Known as "Bishop Berkeley." A noted but erratic metaphysical writer. Author of Theory of Vision.

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1690-1762).-Best known by her graceful and graphic Letters, descriptive of travel and foreign fashions,

VI.

AGE OF JOHNSON.

1750-1800.

REIGNS OF GEORGE II. AND GEORGE III.

The age of Johnson, which includes the latter half of the eighteenth century, presents literature of a higher moral tone than that of the preceding age. The writers of this age also were less artificial in their mode of expression, and depended more on Nature to furnish both sentiment and thought. It was a time also in which nearly all the writers led a precarious life, many of them often being on the verge of starvation. It was a time when, as Macaulay paints it, "all that is squalid and miserable might now be summed up in the word poet." Some, indeed, like Johnson, struggled through difficulties to fame and competence, but the great mass lived in garrets and cellars, doing the work of literary hacks, and died in the most extreme poverty.

9. THOMAS GRAY,

1716-1771.

THOMAS GRAY, the most artistic of English poets, was born in Cornhill on the 26th of December, 1716. His father, a money-scrivener by profession, was a man of such violent temper that Mrs. Gray separated from him, and in partnership with her sister opened a millinery-shop in Cornhill. With her savings in this es

tablishment she educated her son. Having a brother at Eton who was one of the masters, she sent Thomas thither, and here he was prepared for college. Among his most valued friends was Horace Walpole, afterward a prose-writer of great merit.

At the age of nineteen Gray entered Peterhouse Col.ege at Cambridge as a pensioner. But school-life was unpleasant to him; he had no taste for either mathematics or metaphysics, though he was particularly fond of the classics. At the close of his school-life he and Walpole undertook a tour of France and Italy. Their tastes, however, were so at variance that they finally quarreled and separated.

Gray returned to England, and after his father's death settled at Cambridge, where he spent most of the subsequent part of his life. He was not fond of the place, but he was an ardent lover of books, and the University libraries were the great attraction to him. A madcap freak of some of the students at P'eterhouse, by which, with the cry of fire, they frightened Gray to such an extent that he threw his rope-ladder from his window and then hastily descended, only to drop into a tub of water placed to receive him, caused him to remove from Peterhouse to Pembroke Hall.

Gray's first poem, his Ode to Spring, appeared in 1742, and soon thereafter he produced also an excellent poem entitled A Distant Prospect of Eton College, though it was not published until some years later.

In 1757, the post of poet-laureate having become vacant through the death of Colley Cibber, the position was offered to Gray, but he declined it. Eleven years later he accepted the professorship of Modern History at Cambridge, a position worth four hundred pounds a year, which he had been seeking for some years.

Gray is best known by his Elegy in a Country Church

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