5. Who opposed Otho? 6. Otho's conduct? 51. Who was Apollonius Tyaneus ? 7. The result of the battle, and where was SEC. 3.-From the Extinction of the first it fought? 8. Otho's purpose and conduct? 9. Conduct of Vitellius? 10. How much money did he spend in the pleasures of the table in four months? 11. By what act did he give scandal to the higher ranks? 12. Who revolted against him in the East? 13. What generals headed Vespasian's armies? 14. Conduct of Cæcina? 15. What city was taken and destroyed by Primus? Flavian Family, to the last of the Antonines. 1. By whom was Domitian succeeded? 4. What good effect did this produce? 6. Trajan's country and family? 7. What services did he render the people? 8. What war did he soon engage in, and his conduct? 9. What great work did he construct ? 16. What caused Vitellius to be abandoned 10. His success in the Dacian war? by his troops? 11. What made him ambitious of conquest? 17. What calamity happened to the city at 12. What countries did he subdue? 28. His policy? 29. What discovery did he make? 30. What brought on Vespasian's last sickness? 31. What is said of him? 32. By what ludicrous circumstance was the solemnity of his obsequies disturbed? 33. Titus' first act after his accession? 34. What other instances of his complaisance are mentioned? 35. What dreadful calamity happened in his reign? 36. What cities were overwhelmed? 37. How did he gain the title of "Benefactor of the human race?" 38. What occasioned his death? 42. His expedition against the Catti? 45. His disgraceful treaty with Decebalus? 48. Why had he no fear of rebellion ? 49. His treatment of the Christians? 10. What led to his assassination ? 13. How were the Jews treated? 14. How long did Trajan reign, and when and where did he die? 15. With what blot is his character stained? 16. His successor, and how was he chosen? 17. His first steps? 18. What tour did he enter upon ? 19. His work in Britain? 21. 20. His terrible treatment of the Jews? What was the edictum perpetuum? 22. His munificence towards Athens? The inscription on the medal struck to his honour? 23. 24. His conduct in his latter days? 25. Whom did he adopt as his successor, and on what condition? 26. The conduct of the senate after his death? 27. What is said of the administration of Antoninus? 28. The effect of his reign on the provinces? 29. What proves the prosperity of his reign ? 30. What circumstance shows the veneration attached to his memory? 31. His successor? 32. The conduct of Verus? 33. What interrupted the tranquillity of Rome ? 34. How was the plague introduced into Europe? 35. What defeat did the Roman army sustain? 36. How were the losses repaired? 37. Aurelius' plan for carrying on the war? 38. How did a departure from it on one occasion nearly prove his ruin? 39. How was he delivered? 40. Who rebelled against him in the East? 41. Who suffered martyrdom in this reign? 42. What is said of his apologies, for Chris 44. What led to a renewal of war along the | 12. His conduct at Rome? Rhine and Danube? 45. When and where did he die? 46. What expired with him? 47. What is said of his meditations? 48. What remark is made of Commodus? 49. Who had spoiled him? 50. His character and conduct? 13. What recalled him to Asia? 14. Who was his premier, and what was his character? 15. The circumstances of his death? 16. Severus' exploits in Britain? 17. What is said of him and his administration ? 51. What made him suspicious of the senate? 18. 52. What new danger arose? 53. The design of the conspirators? 19. Wicked conduct of Caracalla? By what means did he support his authority? 54. What produced an alarming insurrection 20. How did he lower the pride of the Ro of the Roman populace? 55. What led to his death? 56. The decrees of the senate at his death? SEC. 4.-Foreign Commerce of the Romans in the Age of the Antonines. 1. For what is the age of the Antonines celebrated? 2. What is said of Palmyra? mans? 21. His treatment of Alexandria, and the 23. By whom was he succeeded? 24. How was Caracalla regarded by the sol 25. What led to the death of Macrinus? 3. What led great numbers of Syrian mer- 27. His age at his accession? chants to settle in Rome? 4. What is said of Byzantium? 28. His character? 29. His conduct at Rome? 30. What is said of the Roman ladies? 31. What led to the death of Heliogabalus ? How was his body treated? 5. The great caravan route across Asia? 6. What improvement in navigation did 9. How was he honoured? 33. What is said of Alexander Severus, his successor ? 34. What important revolution took place in the east during his reign? 10. The route of the Egyptian trade under 35. The standard of Artaxerxes? the Romans? 11. The imports from India? 12. The principal exports? 13. The attention of Commodus to commerce? 36. What was one great effect of this revo lution? 38. 14. What is said of the trade of the Black Sea? | 39. 37. The great aim of the Sassanid dynasty? What is said of the public buildings erected by this dynasty? What did Ardeshir attempt to do? 40. The success of Alexander Severus against 15. What facts show that the Romans were not a commercial people? SEC. 5. From the Extinction of the Flavian Family to the Establishment of Military Despotism, after the Murder of Alexander Severus. 1. What is said of the accession of Pertinax to the crown? 2. What reforms did he effect? 3. The cause and circumstances of his death? 4. How did Didius obtain the crown? 5. How was he treated by the Roman populace? 6. What competitors for the crown appeared? 7. Relate the circumstances of the death of Didius ? 8. First step of Severus? 9. By whom was he opposed? 42. SEC. 6.-From the Murder of Alexander to the Captivity of Valerian and the Usurpation of the Thirty Tyrants. 1. Who succeeded Alexander Severus? 10. Conduct and character of Misitheus? 11. What second contest for empire did Se- 16. What Christian bishop suffered martyr 17. Who was Paul the hermit? 18. Death of the emperor? 19. His successor ? 36. What great province was gained to the Romans by this battle? 37. How were these triumphs sullied? 20. How did he provoke universal resent- 38. What is said of the numbers of martyrs? ment? 21. His death, and successor ? 22. What said of Valerian? 23. What enemies were now attacking the empire? 24. What is said of the scale armour of the Sarmatians? 25. The fate of Valerian? 41. 39. Of the triumphs of Christianity? 44. His resignation, how occasioned ? 26. How was he treated by Sapor, and by 46. His letter to Maximian? his own son? 47. What embittered his last days? SEC. 7.-From the Captivity of Valerian to SEC. 8.-From the Abdication of Dioclesian the Resignation of Dioclesian. 1. What is said of Gallienus ? 2. How many competitors for the throne appeared? 3. Who was Odenatus? 4. Who was Zenobia, and what is said of her? 5. Who succeeded Gallienus? 6. What is said of Aurelian? 7. How did he secure the tranquillity of Europe? 8. How did Zenobia precipitate her ruin ? 9. The fate of Palmyra? 10. What other provinces did Aurelian recover to the empire? 11. How did he treat Zenobia? to the Death of Constantine the Great. 1. How was the empire again divided? 2. To what dangers was Constantine exposed? 3. Under what circumstances was he proclaimed emperor ? 4. Conduct of Maxentius ? 5. How did Constantine show his prudence? 6. Between what six sovereigns was the 7. empire now shared? Treachery of Maximian, and how was it punished? 8. What occasioned the death of Galerius? 9. How did Maxentius provoke a war, and 12. By what circumstance was an insurrec-11. tion caused at Rome? 13. The loss of the imperial troops in attempting to quell the riot? 14. What led Aurelian to quit Rome? 15. How were his virtues sullied? 16. What led to his death? 17. How did the soldiers avenge his death? 18. Who was elected emperor by the Syrian army? 19. His victories? 20. The cause of his death? 21. His successor, and his deeds? 22. Who was Dioclesian? 23. Why does the date of his accession deserve to be remembered? 13. What great reforms did Constantine effect in Rome? 14. Conduct of Maximin, and his death? 16. What civil war now ensued? 18. What renewed the war? 19. What is said of the battle of the He brus? 20. The result of the war? 21. What celebrated council was now convoked? 22. What doctrines were established by it? 24. By whom is the "era of Dioclesian" 23. How was Constantine received at Rome: still observed? 24. What effect did this have on him? 25. Whom did Dioclesian choose as his col- 25. What horrid crime did he commit? league? 26. What is said of Maximian? 26. How did he avenge himself on the empress? 27. What further division of authority was 27. What led him to make Byzantium the 33. Who were the magistrates of the first | 25. class? 34. How were the Roman divisions divided? 26. 35. The power and duties of the prætorian 27. prefects? 36. The great officers of the state and court? 37. Their several duties? 28. What heresy distracted the church in Which party did Constantius favour? 29. His first measure? 38. The salaries of the duces and comites? 30. What is said of his reforms of the court? 39. What proofs of the decay of military 31. The great object of his ambition? spirit among the Romans are men- 32. How did he attempt to accomplish it? tioned ? 33. What attempt did he make to disprove the inspiration of the scriptures ? How was he forced to abandon it? 35. In what war did he engage? 40. The effect of the changes in the consti- 42. The meaning of the term indiction? 34. 36. The circumstances of his death? 37. What dishonourable peace did Jovian conclude ? 38. His treatment of Christians and Pagans? 39. The manner of his death? 45. What is said of Constantine's innova-40. Who was chosen to succeed him? tions? 46. The established religion under Constantine? 47. How did he support the church? 41. What division of the empire did he 42. The capital of the western empire? SEC. 9. From the Death of Constantine to the Reunion of the Empire under Theo-45. His first care after his recovery from dosius the Great. 1. Constantine's successors ? 2. What is said of them, and of their education? sickness? 46. Whose piracies began now to attract attention? 47. Who preserved Britain to the empire? 3. Of what horrid conduct was Constantius 48. How was he rewarded ? guilty? 4. What new division of the empire was made? 5. The early history of Shah-pur, the Persian monarch? 6. How many indecisive but sanguinary engagements did he fight with the Ro mans? 7. Where did he overthrow them? 8. What led to a peace? 49. Conduct of Count Romanus ? 57. His conduct to the opposers of Arianism? 9. What led to a civil war, and its result? 58. By whom was Valentinian succeeded? 10. Administration of Constans? 11. The circumstances of his death? 12. How was Vetranio forced to assume the purple? 13. The conduct of Constantina? 14. Movements of Constantius? 15. The fate of Vetranio ? 16. Describe the battle of Mursa ? 17. What has been said of this battle? 18. The fate of Magnentius? 19. The causes and manner of the death of 20. What saved Julian, his brother? 22. What dangerous enemy again attacked 23. The conduct of Julian in Gaul? 24. How was a civil war between him and Constantius averted? 3 ded 74. Whom did Gratian now choose as his 36. By what means was Genseric induced associate? 75. Conduct of Theodosius and its effects? 76. The fate of Gratian? 77. Boldness of St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan ? 78. By whom was the usurper defeated? 79. What hastened his death? 80. The fate of Valentinian II. ? 81. Under whom was the Roman empire once more united? to invade Africa? 37. The fate of Count Boniface? 38. How was the double treachery of Etius punished? 39. Who was Attila ? 40. How was he induced to refrain from at tacking the Byzantine empire? 41. What led him to turn his arms against the Western empire? 42. Baseness of Honoria? 43. By whom was Attila at first defeated? SEC. 10.-The Overthrow of the Western 44. What delayed the ruin of the empire? Empire. 45. The fate of Etius? 1. To whom did Theodosius assign the 46. The fate of Valentinian, and who suc 2. Who was Rufinus, and his character? 3. How did he aim to secure his power? 4. Whom did Arcadius marry? 5. Of what pretext die Stilicho avail himself to put down Rufinus? 6. What led him to return to Italy? 7. The fate of Rufinus? 8. How was Stilicho treated by the court of Constantinople? 9. How was the African revolt suppressed? 10. The fate of Gildo and Mascezel? 11. Who now invaded the empire? 12. Of what consummate folly was Arcadius guilty? 13. Whither did Alaric then go? 14. How was he induced to quit Italy? 15. What city did Honorius make his capital? 16. Who next invaded Italy? 17. Who was proclaimed emperor, and why? 18. Of what crime and folly was Honorius guilty? 19. What impolitic and monstrous edict did Olympus, his minister, issue? 20. The consequences of it? 21. How was Alaric induced to quit Rome? 22. How did Honorius again show his folly? 23. When was Rome captured? 24. How many days was it pillaged? 25. Death and burial of Alaric? 26. What tribes now established themselves in Spain and Gaul? 27. What became of the Britons? 28. Origin of the term " England?' 29. How was the reign of Arcadius, in the east, dishonoured? 30. What illustrious bishop of Constantinople fell a victim to the cruelty of the empress? 31. By whom was Arcadius succeeded? 32. Who usurped the administration? 33. How did she govern? ceeded him? 47. How, and why was Maximus put te 1. What is said of the inhabitants of India, when Alexander first invaded it? 2. What inference is drawn from this fact! 3. How far back does the civilization of India probably reach? 4. What is said of the castes of India? 5. Remark of Major Bevan? 6. The cradle of the Hindoo race? 7. Testimony of the ancient records? 8. What is said of the Brahmins? 9. The story of the drama of the "Toy Cart." 10. The two great dynasties in India proper! 11. What is said of the war between the Pandoos and Kooroos? 12. The result of it? 13. Who occupied the throne of India after Alexander's retreat? 14. What is said of Mahapadma-Nanda? 15. How did he provoke the hostility of the Brahmins? 16. Who was Chandra-Gupta ? 17. To whom did he owe his elevation to the throne? 18. By whom was he attacked? 34. What other woman became ruler of the 19. What treaty did he make with Seleucu western empire? 35. How did she treat Count Boniface? Nicator? 20. Who is the next sovereign of India of |