with the situation of things at the time of the adoption of steam transportation, say in 1817. About twenty barges, averaging 100 tons each, comprised the whole of the commercial facilities for transporting merchandise from New Orleans to the Upper country;' each of these performed one trip down and up again to Louisville and Cincinnati, within the year. The number of keel boats employed in the Upper Ohio, cannot be ascertained, but it is presumed that 150 is a sufficiently large calculation to embrace the whole number. These averaged thirty tons each, and employed one month to make the voyage from Louisville to Pittsburg, while the more noble and dignified barge of the Mississippi made her trip in the space of 100 days, if no extraordinary accident happened to check her progress.

"The Mississippi boats now make five trips within the year, and are enabled, if necessary, in that period, to afford to that trade 35,000 tons. Eight or nine days are sufficient on the Upper Ohio, to perform the trip from Louisville to Pittsburg and back. In short, if the steam boat has not realized the hyperbole of the poet, in annihilating time and space,' it has produced results scarcely surpassed by the introduction of the art of printing."

IV. VIEW OF LITERARY INSTITUTIONS.

1. UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA. On the 22d of March, 1828, the Trustees of the University of Alabama selected as the site of the Institution, the place known as Mairs' Spring, situated on the main road, leading toward Huntsville, about one mile and a half from Tuscaloosa. It is on land originally granted by Congress to the Institution. The site is high and healthy; it is in the immediate neighborhood of the quarry, from which most of the beautiful stone used in the principal buildings in Tuscaloosa was obtained.

2. SCHOOLS IN MISSISSIPPI. Appropriations for education have been made in this, as well as in the other Southern States. The whole business of a common school education is managed by subscription and voluntary association. A seminary called "Jefferson College," is incorporated at Washington, near Natchez. It is, so far as we are informed, hardly in existence yet. Another Institution, called a College, is incorporated at Shieldsborough. Flourishing public schools exist at Natchez, Woodville, Monticello, and other places.

3. EDUCATION IN LOUISIANA. Eight hundred dollars are annually appropriated in every parish for the advancement of common school education. But the application of the appropriation is yet very imperfect. There is a Protestant College in the State, under the care of the Rev. Jeremiah Chamberlain, D. D., at Jackson. The Papists have a flourishing College at New Orleans, besides a large Lancastrian school.

4. UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE, TENN. This College was chartered in 1806, by the name of Cumberland College. In 1827, it was changed, by an act of the Legislature, to the c6 University of Nashville." The laboratory is one of the best constructed in the United States. The apparatus cost, in London, 7,000 dollars. The mineralogical cabinet contains specimens of all the known minerals in the world. The number of students in the College proper, is 71; in the Grammar School, connected, 90; in all, 161. The whole number of graduates of the College is 85. Rev. Philip Lindsley, D. D. is President. Nashville is the commercial capital of the State, and by far the largest town in it. It is the fourth town in size in the western country.

5. GREENVILLE COLLEGE, TENN. This College owns no land, except a very small lot, on which the College buildings stand. Its funds are about 5,600 dollars. The College has hitherto been under the necessity of conducting students through the preparatory course, owing to the existing state of academies in the region. It is entirely indebted to private bounty for its existence. The students are not regularly divided into four classes. The number of students is 30. It was incorporated in 1794.

6. KNOXVILLE COLLEGE, TENN. This Institution is in East Tennessee, under the care of the Rev. Charles Coffin, D. D. At the date of our last information the number of students was 21.

7. SOUTHERN AND WESTERN THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTION, AT MARYVILLE, EAST TENNESSEE. This Institution is both literary and theological. The whole number of students preparing for the ministry is 22, besides 33 in the literary department, preparing for the study of divinity. With this Institution is connected a boarding house, and farm, which is cultivated by indigent students. This Institution was established in 1819, by the Presbyterian Synod of Tennessee. Rev. Isaac Anderson, D. D. is the principal Instructer. Forty-one students have been educated here. About 5,500 volumes

belong to the library.

8. COMMON SCHOOLS IN KENTUCKY. The Legislature of this State have recently entered, with considerable spirit, upon the prosecution of measures for the improvement

of common schools. A large number of copies of an excellent Report has been circulated. The Literary Fund of Kentucky amounts to $140,917 44. It seems that not more than one third of the children between four and fifteen attend school.

9. SCHOOL AT ELKTON, TODD Co., KY. This is intended to be a preparatory school, of a high order. It is under the care of Rev. J. J. Pierce. Exertions are now making greatly to extend its usefulness.

10. CUMBERLAND COLLEGE, AT PRINCETOWN, KY. This seminary is under the care of the Cumberland Presbyterians. It was founded in 1825. Rev. F. R. Cossitt, President. Number of graduates is 13. Present number of students in all the departments is 120. Books in the College library, 1,000. Sixty students are professors of religion. A collegiate building is now erecting, 120 feet long, 45 wide, and three stories 'high. The students are from sixteen States and territories. Great benefits have resulted from the manual labor system.

11. CENTRE COLLEGE, AT DANVILLE. This College was founded by the Synod of Kentucky, in 1822. Rev. G. Blackburn, D. D., President. Number of graduates, 19. Students, 66. Books in library, 1,300. $20,000 were promised the College by the Synod of Kentucky, as an equivalent for the right of choosing trustees. About one half of the sum has been received. The principal college edifice is a large two story brick building. There is also a Refectory and Dormitory, sufficient to accommodate fifty or sixty students. Connected with the College are 112 acres of land, furnishing excellent conveniences for manual labor. The course of studies is nearly like that pursued at Yale. A few years since, a theological department was connected with the College. What its present condition is, we do not know.

12. UNIVERSITY OF TRANSYLVANIA, AT LEXINGTON. This Institution was chartered and endowed in 1798, and is the most ancient in the western country. Its library, philosophical and chemical apparatus, are very respectable. It is delightfully situated, in a region of great resources, and central to the whole valley. The number of instructers is 6; of academical students, 81; of medical students, 200; of law, 20; volumes in the college library, 2,400, and 1,500 in other libraries. There are six Professors in the Medical department. Rev. Alva Woods, D. D. is President of the University. In May, 1829, the principal building of Transylvania University was destroyed by fire, which loss, together with the books consumed, was estimated at $38,000. There was an insurance on the property to the amount of $10,000. The prosperity of the Institution is constantly increasing.

There are public schools of an interesting character in Lexington, the principal of which is a Female Seminary under the care of the Rev. O. S. Hinckley.

13. AUGUSTA COLLEGE. This Institution is in Bracken county, Ky. on the Ohio river. It was first established, in 1822, as an Academy. Its first commencement as a College was held in Aug. 1829. Connected with the College is an academic department, conducted by three instructers. The income from the funds is equal to the current expenses. The college edifice is three stories in height, 80 feet by 40 feet, and finished with great neatness. Rev. Martin Ruter, D. D. is President. There are 7 academic instructers, and 102 students, 24 of whom are professors of religion. Volumes in libraries, 2,000. This Institution is under the care of the Methodists.

14. BAPTIST COLLEGE, AT GEORGETOWN, KY. This Institution has lately gone into operation.

15. PAPAL SEMINARIES. At Bardstown, there is a College with 200 students, and an Ecclesiastical Seminary with 20 or 30. Another Institution of the kind also exists. Seven priests are employed in instruction. The second wing of the College cost more than 7,000 dollars. The Bishops of Bardstown are constituted perpetual rectors. The Legislature have incorporated it, with all desired privileges. Three female religious orders have been formed, the Lovers of Mary, the Sisters of Charity, and the Dominican Nuns. More than 200 young women in these Institutions are devoted to the education of persons of their own sex. "In our two Seminaries," says Bishop Flaget, two or three years since, "we have one tonsured, 11 minorites, 4 sub-deacons, and 3 deacons, with 17 or 18 young persons more, who have been studying two or three years for the priesthood."*

16. EDUCATION IN MISSOURI, CATHOLIC. A few miles south of St. Louis, in Perry Co. is a Clerical Seminary, founded by Bishop Dubourg of New Orleans, in 1818. In the Seminary, are 21 young men preparing for orders, 8 lay brothers, and about 45 scholars under their instruction. In the two Dioceses of New Orleans and St. Louis, there are about 100 priests, one Theological Seminary, two Colleges, several schools for boys, and ten convents, in which are 600 pupils.

*See the articles pertaining to the Papal Church in the United States, in the Quarterly Register, Feb. April, and Nov. 1830.

17. ROCK SPRING THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL, ILL. This Institution is in Illinois, 17 miles east from St. Louis, Mo., on the principal stage road to Vincennes. The general plan of study is accommodated to the circumstances of the preachers of the gospel and to the wants of the country. Ministers, who have families, and those who are somewhat advanced in life, may attend the Institution, as may suit their convenience. It is established on liberal principles, though under the particular control of the Baptist denomination. There are two departments, 1. A high school, conducted on the general plan of a New England academy. 2. A theological department, designed for preachers of the gospel, of any age. As soon as circumstances will allow, a regular classical and theological education will be pursued. The whole expenses for an individual for a year, allowing the tuition to be gratuitous, including clothing, is about $50. Rev. John M. Peck is Professor of Christian Theology. Volumes in the library, 1,200. Number of scholars, about 50. Three sessions, one of 15 weeks, two of 14 each.

18. ILLINOIS COLLEGE, AT JACKSONVILLE. Founded in 1829. Funds, $13,000. About 15 or 20 students have joined the Institution. Rev. Edward Beecher, late minister of Park st. church, in Boston, is President.

19. GENERAL EDUCATION. The same provisions have been made for schools as in the other Western States. In addition to a thirty-sixth of the whole of public lands, three per cent. on all the sales of public lands are added to the school fund. One sixth part of the school fund, and two entire townships, are devoted to the support of an University.

20. HANOVER ACADEMY, INDIANA. This Institution was established in 1827, at Hanover, Jefferson county, six miles below the town of Madison, near the Ohio river. It is principally intended for theological instruction. It is under the care of the Synod of Indiana. John Matthews, D. D., late of Shepherdstown, Va. is Professor of Theology. There were recently 22 students, 18 of whom are preparing for the ministry. A donation of 100 acres of land has been given to the Institution for manual labor purposes. The price of boarding, including washing, lights, &c. is 75 cents a week. Arrangements are making to reduce the price of boarding to $30 per annum, exclusive of two or three hours' labor in a day,

21. INDIANA COLLEGE, AT BLOOMINGTON. A College was commenced in this place in 1828, though it was founded in 1825. Rev. Andrew Wylie, D. D. is President. Whole number of alumni, in July, 1830, was 51. Number of undergraduates, 51. Professors of religion, 6. The number of students has doubled within the last year. Board, washing, fuel, candles, &c. cost but $1 37 per week. The situation of the place is highly salubrious.

Another College was established at Vincennes. Whether it is now in existence we do not know. A very praiseworthy regard for schools, and literary institutions, is manifesting itself among the people of this State.

22. LANE SEMINARY, AT CINCINNATI, OHIO. The general purposes of this Institution are, to promote theological education. Buildings are erecting on the Walnut Hill, about two miles from the city. Messrs. E. & W. A. Lane, merchants of New Orleans, have proffered to the Institution a certain proportion of the annual income of their business. The location of the Institution is peculiarly auspicious in its bearing on the whole Western region. It is 37 miles from the College in Oxford, 109 miles from Columbus, the capital of the State, 455 below Pittsburg, by the river, 122 above Louisville. It is accessible to almost every portion of the Valley, by the numerous steam boats and canals. Very slight reflection may convince any one of the great importance of the establishment of a MODEL Theological Seminary at this place;-which shall be to the whole length and breadth of those regions, in connexion with sister Institutions, what Harvard College was to New England, for the first hundred years after its establishment. We are gratified to learn, that some recent measures of the friends of the Institution are likely to secure important funds for Professorships, and some of the best theological talent in the country.

23. MEDICAL COLLEGE OF OHIO. Professors, J. Cobb, J. Whitman, J. Smith, E. Slack, John Moorhead, Charles E. Pierson. Number of students in 1828-9, 113. Lectures commence on the first Monday of November, annually, and continue till the last of February. Graduation fee, $21; Matriculation, library, &c. $3.

24. OTHER SCHOOLS IN CINCINNATI. An Institution with the name of a College was established, in this city, some years since. Whether it is now in existence we do not know. It was called the Cincinnati College, and incorporated in 1819. In 1829, there were five classical schools in the city, and 47 common schools.

25. MIAMI UNIVERSITY. This flourishing institution is established at Oxford, Butler county, 37 miles from Cincinnati, and 12 west of the great Miami canal. It is endowed by the State, and possesses the township of land, in which it is established, yielding an annual income of between $4,000 and $5,000. It has two spacious buildings of brick, containing a chapel, libraries, philosophical apparatus, and 48 rooms for students. The 17

VOL. III.

libraries amount to 2,000 volumes. The whole number of students, in July, 1830, was 61 in the College department, 59 in the Grammar school, and 9 in the Primary school. Total, 158. We notice, with great pleasure, that the Hebrew Scriptures form a part of the regular course of studies. Rev. Robert H. Bishop, D. D. is President.

26. UNIVERSITY OF OHIO, AT ATHENS. Athens is 41 miles west of Marietta, 52 east of Chillicothe, 37 from the Ohio river. It is situated on an elevated peninsula, formed by a large bend of the Hockhocking, which meanders about the town. The location is elevated, and the prospect extensive. The University was founded in 1802. Rev. Robert G. Wilson, D. D. is President. Number of students in 1829, fifty. It is endowed with 46,000 acres of land, which yield about $2,300 annually. A college edifice, of brick, large and elegant, was erected in 1817.

27. INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION, AT MARIETTA. This establishment is intended for the education of females, and is divided into four departments; infant school, primary school, high school, young ladies' school; all under the general superintendence of the Rev. L. G. Bingham, of Marietta.

An establishment somewhat similar exists at Chillicothe, under the care of the Rev. Augustus Pomeroy. The subject of female education is properly regarded as one of great interest at the West.

28. KENYON COLLEGE, AT GAMBIER. This Institution is Episcopal, under the Presidency of Rt. Rev. Bishop Chase. Gambier is in Knox county, near the centre of the State. The location is commanding. The College was established in 1828. It has a commodious building of stone, which will furnish, when completed, accommodations for a large number of students. In all the departments there are now about 80. Besides the President, there are two Professors, and two Tutors. The Institution derived very valuable aid from an agency of Bishop Chase in England. It has 8,000 acres of land. A Diocesan Theological Seminary is attached to it. It has lately received $13,000 from England.

29. WESTERN RESERVE COLLEGE, AT HUDSON. This Institution is situated in Portage county, in the north-eastern division of the State. Rev. Charles B. Storrs, President, Rev. Beriah Green, Professor of Biblical Literature, besides a number of additional instructers. It was founded by the Western Reserve Synod, in 1826. At the close of the last term, it had 40 students; it has now 60. Between $20,000 and $30,000 have been recently subscribed to its funds, principally in New York, and Philadelphia. More than $4,000 have since been subscribed in Ohio. The Western Reserve has now about 100,000 inhabitants. It is capable of sustaining 1,500,000. It is supposed that the Reserve will constantly furnish 200 students to the College.

30. WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, AT ALLEGHANYTOWN. This Institution is located near Pittsburg. A building was commenced in April, 1829, of cut stone, to be 150 feet long, 45 broad, 3 stories high, with a basement; the whole cost to be $17,000. Its site affords a prospect unusually picturesque and imposing. It stands on a hill which overlooks the Ohio and Alleghany rivers, the city of Pittsburg, the town of Alleghany, and a wide range of surrounding country. This Institution is at one of the great central places of influence in our country. Rev. J. J. Janeway, D. D. was Professor of Theology, for a few months. In October, 1829, the Rev. Luther Halsey was inaugurated as Professor of Theology, and Mr. John W. Nevin appointed Teacher of Oriental and Biblical Literature. In the first term of the year 1829-30, sixteen students were connected with the Seminary. Board is furnished at $1 50 per week. About 2,000 volumes have been given to the Library by individuals in Europe.

31. ALLEGHANY COLLEGE, AT MEADVILLE, PA. This Institution is under the care of the Rev. Timothy Alden, with two additional instructers. Students in the College proper, 6. Connected with the College is an Academy, in which ten or twelve students are preparing for College. The college edifice is spacious, and is named Bentley Hall, in honor of the Rev. Dr. Bentley, of Salem, Mass. a distinguished benefactor of the Institution. The Institution has a valuable library of 8,000 volumes, principally the donation of Mr. Bentley.

32. WASHINGTON COLLEGE, AT WASHINGTON, PA. This Institution was founded in 1806. At the date of our last information, 1827, the number of instructers was 3; alumni, 143; undergraduates, 31; volumes in the libraries, 925.

33. JEFFERSON COLLEGE, AT CANONSBURG. The general fund given by the State, and by individuals, to this Institution, amounts to $9,000; and a fund by legacy, for the support of pious young men, intended for the ministry, amounts to $6,000. Almost one half of the alumni of this Seminary have devoted themselves to theology. This Institution has been in a remarkable manner favored by Providence. It has grown up gradually out of the first Grammar School erected west of the mountains. It was established as a College, in 1802. Number of alumni, 309, of whom 136 are ministers; undergraduates, 120, fifty of whom are professors of religion; 110 medical students; 2,500 volumes in the libraries. Rev. M. Brown, D. D. President.