The diftemperatures of vegetables will be arranged under three heads, as they affect trees or roots, corn, and other herbage. And, in the inquiry into their cause and origin, will be confidered at large the mifchiefs occafioned by infects the fly, the flug, the worm, the grub, the caterpillar, and the locuft; and every method will be inferted, which experience warrants, or reafon recommends to the trial, for their deftruction, or the prefervation of the crop,

To these will be fubjoined the mischiefs to which corn and other valuable growths are fubject from weeds and birds; and the eafieft and moft certain methods will be delivered for the extirpation of the one, and for prefervation from the other.

From the ample, diftinct, and plain manner in which these and a number of other fubordinate articles will be treated in the course of this useful work, we perfuade ourselves the farmer will be fully inftructed how he is to conduct himself in the field and the house, the dairy and the ftable, in haymak、 ing and harvest-work; and that in fuch manner, as to procure all poffible good, and prevent all ill that can be avoided, in the care of his plantations, his ftock, and his crop; that the eftablished husbandman will find many profitable things therein, with which he was not before acquainted, and that the young farmer will fet out in his profeffion with the advantage of others experience.

The plates will contain figures, beautifully engraved from original drawings,

1. Of the inftruments of husbandry used in the different counties of England.

2. Of all the poisonous plants in England.

3. Of the moft pernicious Weeds. And,

4. Of the most useful and valuable herbs, wild or cultivated,'

We thought we could not do a fairer thing either by the public or the proprietors of this work, than to publish their own account of the plan. To do them juftice, we cannot fay they have promifed much more than they have performed, except we mistake the meaning of the following fentence; from the harvest of the old Romans, it (agriculture) will be • pursued

4

• pursued through the vineyards of the modern Italy. We fhould not have been fo minutely critical upon a performance of this kind, as to have taken notice of the affected caft of this phrase, or even to have asked whether the old Roman agriculture was entirely confined to the growth of corn, or that of modern Italy to the care of the vineyard: but if this expreffion has any meaning at all, will not the curious reader expect to find fome account, more or lefs, of the cultivation of the vine, fomewhere or other in this great work? and yet if he does, he will be disappointed. However, this difap

pointment ought not to fit too heavy upon us, for we have trusty neighbours, who may one time or other (we can't say how foon) supply us with as good wine as we can raise at home, and perhaps as cheap too, if they please.

This leads us to regret another disappointment, in the bodyof the work, which feems to be more owing to the exactness and formality of the writer than to any finifter defign. In the fifth book, of the animals neceffary and useful in husbandry and farming, from the title of the fourth and laft part into which it is divided (of INSECTS) fome might poffibly expect an account of more kinds than one of this clafs of animals, as belonging to the stock of the British farm. Nevertheless the Bee is the only infect of which our author takes the leaft notice. It is indeed the only one which has hitherto been cultivated here. The complexion of the cochineal fly might' probably degenerate into too pale a scarlet in our climate: but the labours of the filk-worm may deferve some attention, even here; especially if the British trade, which used to extend to the remotest shores, fhould at laft find itself lock'd aut of those seas, whofe avenues it has long commanded.

We have prefented our readers with a plan which seems in the main, to be well executed. But the editors have fhewn themselves fo forward to communicate every little fcrap of fresh intelligence, which they have thruft in here and there in a different character, that they have given their book the most flovenly appearance imaginable. They do well not to fay that it is adorned with cuts (for the frontispiece itself is a strange awkard monftrous defign as ever was feen) but we are afraid it is not always illuftrated by them. Botany is never to be

learned

learned by fuch cuts as thefe; nor by any cuts, except the plants are not only perfectly well drawn, and of the fame fize with the life, but most exactly coloured too. Befides, we can't help thinking it quite a needlefs ceremony in our authors, to give imperfect descriptions of the oak, the elm, and other trees, with which every native of London, whofe travels extend as far as Norwood, is familiarly acquainted.

Our authors carry us thro' moft of the counties in England that are famous for any branch of agriculture; and in the courfe of this journey, we have the pleasure to bait at the houfe of a facetious gentleman who would think us very dull fellows if we should forget the pleasantries with which he has entertained us. The Rev. Mr. George Turner, vicar of Milor, in the county of Cornwall, is, it feems, renowned for making the best cyder that this vapid age can boast of; and we with all cyderifts may for the future ftrictly obferve his rules. This reverend wag is very fertile in fimilies, and as brifk and bouncing over his cyder as perhaps most of our town wits are over their champagne. Tho' we cannot entertain our friends with a taste of his liquor, we may give them a small fample of his wit, by which they may judge whether it is fweet or rough, fox-whelp or cacagee.

Let this be a ftanding rule for your first racking: namely, to fet about it when the thick red head, or cruft, which co<vered the cyder, (like a mantle upon a patient under a course of phyfic) that fo by its kindly warmth a fermentation may be promoted, begins to feparate, and white bubbles do appear. For although your cyder be foul at that very juncture, it is yet very proper to rack it otherwise your cyder (like a man wafted by an incorrigible Diarrhoea, or a violent fu"per-purgation) may become incurable for it will then (especially in wet weather) instead of a gentle fermentation, be put upon the fret, and (in the South-ham phrase) fing; 'the wild notes whereof may be heard at a confiderable diftance, till it becomes pale, thin and languid; and (like the fwan) hath fung itself to death.'

To conclude with our opinion of this large work, it seems to contain a great number of useful precepts and judicious obfervations founded upon experience, and agrecable to com

mon

mon fenfe. But while we endeavour to do juftice to this performance, we cannot help recommending to those who study this most important art, a full and at the fame time a very concise view of the antient Roman husbandry. We talk of Columella de re ruftica; a work juftly celebrated both for the folidity of its matter, and the purity and elegance of its language; tho' it happens to be little known even by those who delight in the Latin claffics. But it is now in the power of every one who can read English to make himself acquainted with this valuable piece of antiquity, by the means of a very accurate tranflation which was published here not many years ago. That we have few good translations from the antients is a common and a juft complaint; and we shall never have many to boaft of, as long as they are mere hurried flovenly bookfellers jobbs. But this of Columella appears to have been produced by the leifure of a man of learning, who wrote because he was fond of his author and of his fubject: of a man who wished well to mankind, and thought it might prove a material advantage to the English farmer to be made acquainted with the antient husbandry of Italy.

ART. II. INSTITUTES of NATURAL LAW, Vol. II. Continued.

R. Rutherforth having difcuffed the fubject of interpretation, proceeds in the eighth chapter to treat of civil fubjection, and civil liberty. A man, by compact, may lay himfelf under an obligation to do or avoid what the law of nature had not otherwise obliged him to do or to avoid, and fuch compact is a diminution of his liberty, yet every diminution of liberty does not imply fubjection, which confifts in the obligation of one or more perfons to act at the difcretion or according to the judgment and will of others. When, therefore, the obligation, arifing from compact is fo fettled and limited, as to leave nothing to the judgment or will of thofe to whom we are obliged, though it diminishes our liberty, it does not place us in a ftate of fubjection. Such a compact gives them

a claim upon us, without giving them any authority over

us.

Subjection is divided into private and public. Private, when we are fubjected to the authority of private persons ; and public, when under the authority of public perfons. The conftitutional governors of a civil fociety are called public perfons, and the subjection due to them is public subjection.

Private fubjection admits of feveral different degrees, from a state of abfolute flavery to the moft limited obligations: yet all private subjection is not slavery. A labourer, who binds himself to do one particular fort of work, is in a state of private fubjection: but this fubjection is imperfect, because the obligation is limited by particular compact. A child is in fubjection to his parents, and a ward to his guardian; but this is not of the fervile fort, because the benefit of the child is the end in view. In private partnerships, each of the partners is in fubjection to the collective body, as far as the matter of partnership extends; but, this is a liberal, not a fervile fubjection, because the common benefit is the chief aim.

There are likewife different degrees and forts of public fubjection. A nation, as well as an individual, may have flaves. Those who are condemned to labour in the mines, in the gallies, or any other task imposed by the ftate, are in public fubjection. But this is of the fervile fort, because the only end of it is the benefit of the fuperior; and as the matter of the obligation is not limited, the subjection is absolute. A man may subject himself, however, by his own confent, either to an individual or a body politic. Labourers hired by the public, and mercenary foldiers, are in a ftate of public fubjection, though it is imperfect; because the matter of the obligation on their fide, and of the claim on the fide of the public, is limited nevertheless, it is of the fervile fort, as the end of it is rather the benefit of the public than of themfelves.

Civil fubjection is fuch public fubjection arifing from confent, as is limited in the matter of it to thofe actions, or things which relate to the general welfare and fecurity of the whole civil fociety, or of its feveral parts. The members of every Fociety are, by their own confent, in this state of fubjection,