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oppreffed, patient, and numerous defcription of our fellow citizens. That fuch publications fhould have iffued from the grand jury room cannot be matter of furprize; fince the nomination of fheriffs has been transferred from the people to the crown, grand juries, which are returnable by these officers, have loft their original character of independence, and are now notoriously subordinate to aristocratic intrigue and minifterial corruption. As therefore thefe ancient bodies, which thould be the facred organs of truth, as well as the guardians of the conftitution, have in this inftance degenerated into inftruments of prejudice and civil diffention, we feel it a duty which we owe to public juftice as well as our country to appeal from the unjuft fentence of a few influenced men to the tribunal of a rational nation.

AS I was clofing my letter Sir L Dives arrived, who has told me all that paffed at Hull. Do not lofe courage; and purfue the bufinefs with refolution: for you must now fhew that you will make good what you have undertaken; If the man who is in the place will not fubmit, you have already declared him a traitor. You must have him, alive or dead; for there is no joke in all this. You must declare yourfelf; you have, fhewn gentleness enough, you must now fhew your firmness: you fee what has happened from not having followed your firft refolution, when you declared the five Members traitors; let that ferve you for an example; dally no longer with confultations, but proceed to action. I heartily wished myfelf in the, place of my fon James in Hull; I would, have thrown the fcoundrel Hotham over the walls, or he should have thrown me. I am in fuch hafte to dispatch this bearer, that I can write to nobody elfe. Go boldly to work, as I fee there is no hopement, and with this view they printed, of accommodation, &c. †.

Addrefs of the Society of United Irishmen of Dublin to the Nation.

It appears that a fmall dispersed number of individuals of the catholic perfuaon, without authority from the body at large, were, in the courfe of laft feffion, cajoled into the meafure of presenting an eleemofynary addrefs to government, and this was craftily made the vehicle of fome obfcure and ill founded cenfure upon the conftitutional conduct of the catholic committee. The embarraffment occafioned by this ftale artifice determined the committee to obtain an unequivocal expreffion of the catholic fenti

published, and circulated throughout Ireland feveral thousand copies of a letter fubmitting to the catholic people a plan for electing delegates to the general committee, a plan at once the moft fimple,

WE obferve with concern and indig- orderly, and the beft calculated for

nation the infidious means employed to ftifle the catholic voice in the humble reprefentation of the grievances which afflict the people and of the remedy fpecified to redrefs them. We lament that men of any pretenfions to common fenfe and public fpirit fhould have been blindly feduced in to the publication of the moft flagrant abfurdities, calumnies, and libels, against the most N T E.

This is part of a letter, and has no date. The King made his attempt on Hull in April 1642.

framing an unquestionable organ of public opinion. The letter folicits the attendance of Delegates appointed for the exprefs purpofe and with the exprefs inftruction of Imploring and Supplicating from the legiflature and the fovereign a participation in the elective franchife and the benefit of the trial by jury.

It is worthy of remark, that this letter is utterly filent upon the ground of conftitutional right, and never ftates this application as intended to be made upon any other principle than as a neceffary means of fecuring to the catholics an

equal

equal accefs to Leafehold property and a fair diftribution of juftice.-Upon this proceeding fo fimple, and fo obviously conformable to the fundamental principle of law and conftitution, pettifogging chicane, fitting in council with bigotry and nonfenfe, having ingenioufly difcovered that the letter was circulated with great fecrecy, pronounces the publication to be of a moft dangerous, feditious, and inflammatory tendency the phantom of a popifh congrefs is raifedthe fcarecrow image of a French National Affembly is conjured up-the vifion of a gun powder plot appears-and the fuppliant committee of an enflaved people is identified with fovereign legiflative bodies. We fay "enflaved," for it will not be denied that a people are enflaved, who being excluded from all fhare in the legislature of their country, are nevertheless fubject to laws and taxes impofed on them without their confent. "Laws to bind all must be affented to by all." It is not in fyftem of extirpation by penal laws it is in the free agency of the people that we are to feek for the tone and permanent principle of a free and profperous government.-The man who fays that a political conftitution can be upheld by penal laws, may fay that the human conftitution can be nourished by the ufe of flow poifon.

Where fo fmall a portion of fo large a mafs exercifes the elective franchife, and a decided majority of that fmall portion forms the notorious property of a venal ariftocracy, we confider the elective body of the people as nothing more than the femblance of a larger fpecies of corporation.-Hence that political ignorance, that felfith fpirit of monopoly, that jealous hoftility to the general happinefs, which muft ever characterife thefe avaricious retailers of freedom, have alfo infected a great number of the elective body of the nation.

Hirelings, whom we have at all prices, cry out, "That the Catholics prefer their complaints in a ftyle of demand"-Such language could not have been uttered in a free land it is the infolent dictation of defpotifm; its authors may with for fellow flaves, but we

h for fellow citizens. The catholics

have ever addreffed the Legislature with due refpect; their fubmiffive conduct is too unquestionable: but in our mind they only fhew themfelves worthy of their rights, when they reclaim them.

Is it meant to deny them the right of petitioning? To queftion their right of meeting peaceably for that purpose amounts to fuch a denial. This would be a falfe as well as a moft mifchievous doctrine; for it would neceffarily throw the fubject upon the alternative of vio lence-He muft either fuffer or refift;and of courfe he must filently fink under Defpotifm or break out into Anarchy.-When the Innocent are punished by law, the feverity of negro fervitude alone could preclude them from the right of petitioning.

If the charges made against the catholic committee were founded in truth, grand juries under the obligations of their oath and public ftation, thould have prefented them-if falfe, then have grand juries been guilty of defamatory libels.

What fecurity do we require of our catholic brethren? political miftrust has not yet devised a teft, which they have not chearfully taken. They difclaim all thofe abominable principles inconfiftent with good government which have been falfely imputed to them by those whole monopoly was fuftained by the divifions of their country. They avow their fupport of the church establishment. They are even willing to worthip that newborn chimera, "the proteftant afcendancy," provided the jealous idol may be appeafed without the facrifice of the elective franchife and the trial by jury. Popery is no longer to be met with bur in the ftatute book. The catholics ftand before us as Political Proteftants, for they proteft against the errors of the ftate, and endeavour to establish the Reformation of the conftitution.

Will the men who fuborn this upftart zeal for the integrity of the conftitution, fubmit their labours for its prefervation during fome years paft to a candid and critical examination?-fhort is the catalogue of their fervices-what has fignalized their political career? What, but an uniform exertion to ftifle all efforts for the establishment of Irish free

dom.

dom. Indignant at the odious review, and the treacherous, confiftency of their prefent conduct, we gladly turn away to acknowledge with pride, that the virtuous founder of the Revolution of 1782 is alfo the leader in the great patriotic work of this day.

As for our part affociated for the attainment of univerfai emancipation and reprefentauve Legiflature, we cannot feparate our duty to our country from our duty to our countrymen. The grievances they fuffer are the grievances of the nation, the relief they folicit is the relief of the nation; and as the only true policy of ftates as well as of individuals is juftice, we cherin the grateful hope that the rifing fpirit of Usion in a liberal age is the harbinger of its triumph. Signed by order,

THOMAS WRIGHT, Sec.

Sept. 14th, 1792.

Method of preparing Oil Copal Varnish.

VARIOUS

erroneous methods of preparing the oil copal varnish having been published in divers books, we are peculiarly happy in being able to furnith our readers with the following true and particular procefs, which has been communicated by a gentleman of undoubted veracity, as well as experience in this branch of knowledge.

Take one pound of gum copal, powdered very fine, and fifted, four ounces of rofin, five ounces of red lead, and five ounces of fugar of lead (faccharum faturni), Thefe ingredients, together with one gallon of the pureft linfeed oil, must be put in an iron or bell-metal pot, upon a charcoal fire, and must be kept gently boiling for about four or five hours. After which, the pot is to be removed from over the fire, and after cooling a little, cut long before the varnish is quite cold, a gallon of fpirit of turpentine muft be gradually mixed with it; and immediately after it muft be trained through a piece of canvas. It is then put in bottles, and about a month after one gallon more of spirit of turpentine must be mixed with it, and the whole must be ftrained again; after which it is fit for ufe, and may be preferved for any length of time.

Notwithstanding, however, the apparent facility of this procefs, there are feveral precautions to be attended to in the courfe of the operation, which muft neceffarily be mentioned in order to infure fuccefs, and to prevent accidents, which may eafily happen in conducting this procefs.

The making of this varnish is attended with a ftrong and difagreeable fmell; for which reafon it will be better to make it in an open place, than in a room or kitchen.

The pot or boiler must be about three or four times larger than the bulk of the ingredients, and it muft have a handle by which it may be easily lifted from over the fire.

The fire must be made with charcoal, and must be just fufficient to keep the matter boiling, for which purpose no great fire is required.

During the boiling, the mixture must be ftirred continually, or at leaft every two or three minutes, and towards the latter end, oftener. An iron ladle is very fit for this purpose.

This mixture, throughout the boiling, and especially after having boiled for two or three hours, fwells very much; in which cafe the pot muft be instantly removed from over the fire, and the contents must be ftirred until the fwelling fubfides, after which the pot is replaced upon the fire; for if any of the matter boils over, and catches fire, which it is very apt to do, the whole will be deftroyed.

In about three hours, or three hours' and an half, the ingredients will be entirely diffolved, fo that nothing hard can be felt with the ladle amongst the fluid matter in the pot; yet the varnish muft boil fome time longer, and great care muft be had to heat the exact point; for if it be not boiled enough, the varnifh, when ufed, will never dry well; and on the other hand, if it be boiled too much, it will become too brittle, and not of a very good colour. The following method will enable the operator to judge when the varnish has boiled fufficiently. When the ingredients are all diffolved, you must begin to try the tenacity of the varnifb, by putting the blade of a knife into the pot, and im

mediately

mediately taking it out again, fo as to let a fmall quantity of varnith adhere to it; then applying another knife to it, rub that little quantity of varnish between the two blades, and foon after feparate the knives; and you will find, by repeating this trial very frequently, that when the varnish is done enough, it will draw out into long filaments between the two knives; otherwife it will break fhort.

Extracts from Original Letters from Edward Wortley Montague, Junior, Efq. to an Eminent Phyfician in London, deceased.

(Concluded from Page 124.)

Venice, March 8, 1775.
S the place I am in does not afford

wish to write, and you ought to receive, I must have recourfe to frivolous nonfenfe. I will then tell you fomething that I have heard juft now relating to B—, who has been here on a very extraordinary errand.

He received orders from his fovereign to affift the Venetians in making a peace with the Algerines. The peace was made, and he has demanded from the Senate 2000 fequins for his fervice;

and what is more extraordinary, he requires a particular decree of the Senate, that this fum may be employed to buy him a diamond crofs, and fay that this is their recompenfe for his fervices.

I know you love extraordinary things, and I could never have treated you with a difh of fomething more extraordinary. You in London are at the fource of ufeful and extraordinary, and it would be but charity to fend now and then a little of it to a friend, which title, (though I have no pretenfion to it) I hope you will permit me to affume.

If my name is not amongst the Antiquarians, I fhould be glad that it was, and to the Society of Arts and Sciences; of which I know not the expence. Extract of a Letter from Mr. Mentague's learned and excellent Correfpon

dent.

London, Sept. 25, 1775I SHALL be very glad to fee your portrait-I have more than once vifited

that representing you near the Written Mountain. If we cannot, on account of diftance, fee our friends, it is no fmall fatisfaction to fee their representation. I moft heartily coincide with you in your opinion of the activity and abilities of Lord Sandwich as Firft Lord of the Admiralty.

Mr. Clark is fent home with Omai, who is now fo far acquainted with this country, that not long fince, and he hired a horfe, and rode to visit Baron without any perfon to attend him, Dimfdale, by whom he was inoculated,

at Hertford.

Mr. Mafon, whom the King fent three years ago to the Cape of Good Hope to collect plants and feeds for the garden at Kew, is returned with many

hundred miles to the north of the Cape,

and has feen more of the interior of

Africa than has been hitherto vifited by Europeans.

I moft fincerely with you health, and In your voyage to Mecca and Medina every gratification your curiofity can expect.

SIR,

THE

To the Editor.

HE following account of an Improvement in the Management of Bees, is ftrongly recommended by thofe who have practifed it, and not unworthy of a place in your Magazine. The improvement is that of having double fceps, the one on the top of the other. When the lower fcep is filled with honey it is to be removed, after the bees are admitted (through a paffage which is made to be opened for this purpofe) into the upper fcep: in this upper fcep food must be put, and the bees will remain there, and fill it with honey. When it is filled, the bees are to be admitted into the former fcep again, now to be replaced, after food has been put into it, and the full fcep is to be taken away. By thus alternately removing the fceps, more honey will be collected than is ufually procured, and the lives of the bees may be spared. I am, Sir, &c.

K. K.

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Irif Parliamentary Intelligence.

(Continued from our laft.)

HOUSE OF

MR

COMMONS.

THURSDAY-MARCH 22, 1792.

R. BUSHE prefented, according to order, an account of the houses in the kingdom, diftinguishing them into as many claffes as there are different numbers of hearths in any houfe, and fpecifying the number of houfes exempt-ed.

He faid, that he had not been able to attend the Houfe, when the fubject of hearth-money had been brought forward.He fhould fubmit his thoughts at large upon the fubject to a more proper opportunity, but he begged leave to make one obfervation, left any perfon might imagine that the increase of revenue had been obtained at the expence of the poor.A paper had been returned in 1786, the very year in which a new plan for collecting hearth-money had been adopted-and it would be found that the number of perfons exempted, as returned in that paper, amounted to but 23,344. The number of perfons exempted in 1791, is more than four-fold-they amount to upwards of 112,000.

HOUSE OF LORD S.

FRIDAY MARCH 23.

HOUSE in Committee on the Baking trade

bill.

Lord Farnham faid, he thought it would be much better to confine this bill to market and corporate towns, than to let its operation be univerfal through the kingdom. By this bill it was neceffary that the baker fhould mark his name the weight of the loaf-the species of bread, and the price of it, in legible characters on each loaf-he was certain that of the great number of little bakers throughout the villages of Ireland, very few could be found who would be able to give proper directions for making the stamps neceffary for this parpofe, and scarcely any of them would know any thing of the law itfelf.-It ftruck him too that it would be better that the affize of bread fhould be fixed and the price variable, than that the price fhould be fixed, and the affize variable.This would enable the house-keeper to estimate the 'quantity of bread confum d in his family with greater exactnefs and to detect fraud with more facility. His Lordship concluded by moving that the words which made the bill extend to every part of the kingdom" fhould be expunged, and the words "market and corporate towns inferted in their room.'

Archbishop of Cafe believed that the noble Lord would withdraw his amendment when he confidered that by the firft claufe of the bill all the laws at prefent exifting relative to the baking trade Hib. Mag. Sept. 1792.

were repealed the amendment, then, if adopted, would leave the whole kingdom of Ireland, except the market and corporate towns at the mercy of the bikers he confeffed he was not prepared to go quite fo great a length, and he called on the Houfe to confider feriously the confufion which fuch a measure might poffibly produce.--More difturbances and confufion had been occafioned in the different countries of Europe by regulation, or the want of regulations relative to the bread and corn trade, than by any other caufe whatsoever. To leave the people of Ireland at the mercy of the bakers, who might give as little bread as they pleafed, might produce confequences of the most ferious kind. It were in his opinion, infinitely better to reject the bill altogether, than to agree to it with this amendment, That the law might in many inftances be unknown to the bakers in the remote villages he acknowledged but he believed that no magiftrate would rigidly inflict its penalties on people who fhould be found ignorant of its exiftence. The mode which had been adopted in the neighbourhood in which he lived, with refpect to the act of the 27th of the King, was first to warn the bakers of the act, and inform them that its penalties would be inflicted if its provifions wre violated-this had the defired effect-the neighbourhood were afterwards infinitely better ferved. The prefent act w uld probably be carried into execution in a fimilar manner, and therefore the noble Lord's fear that the law would not be generally known in the interior parts of the country was obviated.

Lord Mountjoy fuggefted that the ideas of both the noble Lords might be reconciled-by modifying the repealing claufe in fuch a manner that it fhould affect only the market and corporate towns in which the prefent bill might be made to operate, while the prefent law for regulating the baking trade might be fuffered to remain in force with respect to the other parts of the kingdom.

Lord Farnham defended his amendment, but in order to give the noble Lords and himself more time to confider the fubject, wifhed that the chairman might report progrefs and fit again tomorrow.

The Chancellor faid that on the fubject of the bill he could fay little, as it was one to which he had not turned his thoughts-but he could not help obferving now, as he did on a former occafion, the impropriety of fending in a great number of important bills upon the Houfe at the very termination of the feflion, while the foregoing part of it paffed away in almost perfect idleness-The prefent bill appeared an important one, on which a difference of opinion exifted not easily to be reconciled he therefore thought it the fafeft way to reject the bill altogether, and if any gentlemen of the other Houfe thought fuch a bill neceffary, they might bring it forward at an early period of the next feflion when there would be fufficient time to give it a mature difcuffion-He therefore moved that the chairman leave the chair.

The motion paffed unanimously-the bill of courfe fell to the ground.

The Houfe refolved into Committee on the coal

trade bill-on that claufe of the bill which enacts

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