against the left of the so-called Peishwah's Army, under Tantia Topee. He was severely wounded on that occasion."

FIRST MADRAS FUSILIERS. Sergeant PATRICK MAHONEY.-For distinguished gallantry, (whilst doing duty with the volunteer cavalry,) in aiding in the capture of the regimental colour of the 1st. Regiment Native Infantry, at Mungulwar, on the 21st. of September, 1857. Private JOHN RYAN. In addition to the act described at page 166, (5th. Foot,) Private Ryan distinguished himself throughout the day by his intrepidity, and especially devoted himself to rescuing the wounded in the neighbourhood from being massacred. He was most anxious to visit every dooly. Private THOMAS DUFFY.-For his cool intrepidity and daring skill, whereby a twenty-four pounder gun was saved from falling into the hands of the enemy. Private J. SMITH.-For having been one of the first to try and enter the gateway on the north side of the Secunder Bagh. On the gateway being burst open, he was one of the first to enter, and was surrounded by the enemy. He received a sword-cut on the head, a bayonet wound on the left side, and a contusion from the butt end of a musket on the right shoulder, notwithstanding which he fought his way out and continued to perform his duties for the rest of the day. Elected by the private soldiers of the detachment, 1st. Madras Fusiliers.

NINETEENTH MADRAS NATIVE INFANTRY. Captain HERBERT MACKWORTH CLOGSTOUN.-For conspicuous bravery on the 15th. of January, 1859, in charging the rebels into Chichumbah with only eight men of his regiment, (the 2nd. Cavalry Hyderabad Contingent,) compelling them to re-enter the town, and finally to abandon their plunder. He was severely wounded himself, and lost seven out of the eight men who accompanied him.

THIRD BOMBAY EUROPEAN REGIMENT. Private FREDERICK WHIRLPOOL.-For gallantly volunteering on the 3rd. of April, 1858, in the attack of Jhansi, to return and carry away several killed and wounded, which he did twice under a very heavy fire from the wall; also for devoted bravery. at the assault of Lohari, on the 2nd. of May, 1858, in rushing to the rescue of Lieutenant Doune, of the regiment, who was dangerously wounded. In this service Private Whirlpool received seventeen desperate wounds, one of which nearly severed his head from his body. The gallant example shewn by this man is considered to have greatly contributed to the success of the day.

THIRD BOMBAY LIGHT CAVALRY, Lieutenants MOORE and MALCOLMSON -Introduced in Persian Campaign, page 119.

TWENTIETH BOMBAY NATIVE INFANTRY. Captain J. A. WOOD. -Introduced in Persian Campaign, page 118.

TWENTY-FOURTH BOMBAY NATIVE INFANTRY. Lieutenant WILLIAM ALEXANDER KERR.-On the breaking out of a mutiny in the 27th. Bombay Native Infantry, in July, 1857, a party of the mutineers took up a position in the stronghold, or paga, near the town of Kolapore, and defended themselves to extremity. Lieutenant Kerr, of the Southern Mahratta Irregular Horse, took a prominent share of the attack on the position, on the 10th. of July, 1857, and at the moment when its capture was of great public importance, he made a dash at one of the gateways with some dis

mounted horsemen, and forced an entrance by breaking down the gate. The attack was completely successful, and the defenders were either killed, wounded, or captured, a result that may with perfect justice be attributed to Lieutenant Kerr's dashing and devoted bravery.

INDIAN MEDICAL ESTABLISHMENT. Hospital Apprentice ARTHUR FITZGIBBON.--(See page 189.)

INDIAN NAVAL BRIGADE. MR. GEORGE BELL CHICKEN.-For great gallantry on the 4th. of September, 1858, at Suhejnee, near Peroo, in having charged into the middle of a considerable number of the rebels, who were preparing to rally and open fire upon the scattered pursuers. They were surrounded on all sides, but, fighting desperately, Mr. Chicken succeeded in killing five before he was cut down himself. He would have been cut to pieces had not some of the men of the 1st. Bengal Police and 3rd. Sikh Irregular Cavalry dashed into the crowd to his rescue, and routed it, after killing several of the enemy.

THE second war against the Chinese arose from various acts of aggression; amongst which the seizure of the crew of the memorable lorcha named the Arrow, was the most prominent. The operations were at first confined to the navy and marines. Admiral Sir Michael Seymour pursued vigorous measures; he opened fire upon Canton in October, destroyed several Chinese junks on the 5th. of November, 1856, and the Bogue Forts, mounting upwards of four hundred guns, were captured on the 12th. and 13th. of that month. An attack was made on the suburbs of the city of Canton on the 12th. of January, 1857, when a detachment of the 59th., employed in conjunction with the naval forces, sustained a few casualties.

Passing over the expeditions which resulted in the destruction of the Chinese fleet of war-junks in the Canton waters, as belonging to the naval historian, the period approached when the Earl of Elgin arrived at. Hong-Kong as the British Plenipotentiary, to negotiate with the Emperor, and if satisfactory terms were not conceded, to carry on the war with vigour. His lordship arrived at Hong-Kong early in July, 1857, and the news of the terrible Indian Mutiny having reached him at Singapore, a portion of the force selected for operations in China was, with a noble patriotism, at once

despatched to Calcutta, the Earl following them soon after with additional troops from Hong-Kong.

Lieutenant-General the Honourable Thomas Ashburnham, C.B., who had been appointed to the military command of the force destined for China, having left for Calcutta, was succeeded by Major-General (now Sir Charles Thomas) Van Straubenzee. Lord Elgin was not able to act effectively until December, in which month Commissioner Yeh was informed that the British and French governments were united in their determination to proceed against Canton until the demands required were conceded. Operations were eventually prosecuted with increased vigour, in consequence of the evasive replies of the Chinese Commissioners, which resulted in the

CAPTURE OF CANTON.

29TH. DECEMBER, 1857.

A RECONNOISSANCE was made on the 22nd. of December, 1857, by a body of British and French troops, to ascertain the exact position and strength of the forts to the north of Canton. A similar step was taken in the course of a day or two, to gain information regarding the eastern side of the city, and a proclamation was subsequently issued, notifying that the place, if not surrendered, would be bombarded and stormed.

After a cannonade, which commenced on the 28th. of December, 1857, the troops were embarked for Kupar Creek, at the south-east of the town, which was deemed the most convenient for landing the attacking force.* This was composed of British and French troops; the former had been formed into two brigades; the first, consisting of the first and second battalions of Royal Marine Light Infantry, was under Colonel

The 59th. regiment, Royal Sappers and Miners, first landed, then the French Naval Brigade, followed by that of the Royal Marines, and later in the day by the British Naval Brigade. The numbers amounted to five thousand six hundred and seventy-nine, namely, eight hundred troops; Royal Marines, two thousand one hundred; Naval Brigade, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-nine; and French Naval Brigade, nine hundred and fifty. The mot d'ordre, or parole, throughout the operations was "France and England." Shortly after the landing, Lieutenant Hacket, of the 59th., aide-de-camp to Colonel Graham, whilst carrying an order, was surprised by a party of Chinese, who inhumanly beheaded him, and then made off. Two of them were shot, and a third was afterwards hanged.

Holloway, of that corps; the second, composed of Royal Engineers and Volunteer Company of Sappers, Royal Artillery, and Royal Marine Artillery, Provisional Battalion Royal Marines, the 59th. regiment, and the 38th. Madras Native Infantry, was commanded by Colonel Hope Graham, of the 59th. The artillery was under Colonel Dunlop.

The landing having been effected, the enemy was immediately attacked. The East or Linn Fort was soon gained, the Chinese, after a vigorous fire, having abandoned it and retreated to Gough's Fort. The cannonade continued all day, and throughout the following night, the firing from the ships being continued. On the 29th. the east wall of the city was escaladed by the British and French, and after a considerable resistance, the enemy was driven along it and out of the eastern gate of the city, of which possession was at once taken. On this occasion the 59th., under Major Burmester, advanced as the covering party to the French Naval Brigade and Royal Marines. Major Luard, Brigade-Major to the second brigade, is stated to have been the first on the walls of Canton. The casualties were small; Ensign Bower and Lieutenant Shinkwin, of the 59th., were wounded, the former mortally.

For a week the allies occupied the walls between Magazine Hill and the south-east corner of the city, no descent being made into the streets. All this time everything appeared to be proceeding as usual, the inhabitants pursuing their avocations with the greatest unconcern, no offer of submission being made. This was soon changed; on the morning of the 5th. of January, the troops descended into the streets, when the governor of the city, the Tartar General, and the celebrated Commissioner Yeh were soon captured. The latter was subsequently sent to Calcutta.

After the capture of the Forts at the mouth of the Peiho, on the 20th. of May, 1858, a treaty was signed by the Chinese ministers at Tientsin, on the 26th. of June following, in conformity to the terms proposed by the allies.

CAPTURE OF THE TAKU FORTS.

21st. AUGUST, 1860.

THIS treaty the Chinese Government refused to ratify, and the British and French were resolved to obtain that result. In the first instance persuasion and diplomatic efforts were resorted to, but without success. Every attempt at negotiation having proved fruitless, recourse was again had to arms, Major-General Sir James Hope Grant, K.C.B., so distinguished during the Indian Mutiny, being appointed to the command, with the local rank of Lieutenant-General. On the 1st. of August the troops landed at Pehtang, which they quitted on the 12th., and on that morning Major-General Sir Robert Napier commanding the second division, encountered the enemy at Sin-ho. In this action the Armstrong guns were first used in war. The attack of the entrenched fortified camp of Tangku occurred on the 14th. of August, and on the 20th. orders were issued for the attack of the North Taku Forts, by a force composed of British and French troops, about fifteen hundred of each. The 44th., 67th., and Royal Marines, under Sir Robert Napier represented the British quota; there was however a heavy train of field artillery, comprising several eight-inch mortars and two Armstrong batteries. In the evening the gun-boats took up their positions, and the troops having crossed a flat and muddy plain, the night was employed in throwing up trenches and batteries. Such alacrity was shewn by the Chinese for the fight, that early in the morning of the 21st. of August they opened fire upon the troops an hour before the time fixed upon by the Allies; this was followed by a tremendous bombardment in reply, aided by the gun-boats, which pitched shell and rockets into the North Fort. The assault then took place.* The place was defended with great

* The storming party consisted of a wing of the 44th., under LieutenantColonel Mac Mahon, and one of the 67th., under Lieutenant-Colonel Thomas, supported by the other wings of those two regiments and the Royal Marines, under Lieutenant-Colonel Gascoigne. A detachment of the latter, under Lieutenant-Colonel Travers, carried a pontoon bridge for crossing the wet ditches, and Major Graham, of the Royal Engineers, conducted the assault. The whole were commanded by Brigadier Reeves, who, although severely wounded in three places, did not quit the field until he had conducted his men into the fort.