and infantry, and of each battalion of Foot Guards and of the Rifle Brigade, serving under Lord Raglan, should be selected by the commanding officer, and recommended for the grant of an annuity not exceeding twenty pounds, provided that the aggregate of grants then made and to be made, did not exceed four thousand pounds in any one year.

Recommendations for the Meritorious Service Medal, with annuity, are addressed by commanding officers to the Military Secretary at the Horse Guards, accompanied by descriptive returns and records of services of the sergeants selected, whose names, if approved by the Commander-in-Chief, are submitted to the Queen, for Her Majesty's sanction.

A sergeant on becoming an annuitant, is required to relinquish the gratuity of which he may be in possession, making a delaration in writing that he does so voluntarily. The medal inscribed for "Meritorious Service" cannot be held together with that for "Good Conduct and Long Service;" but the latter must be surrendered on receipt of the former. Neither can two medals for "Distinguished Conduct" be held by the same individual, but a sergeant, on becoming an annuitant, must relinquish one of them. An annuitant may, however, hold the "Meritorious Service" medal, or that for "Good Conduct and Long Service," together with the medal for "Distinguished Conduct in the Field."

THE CAPE MEDAL.

On the 22nd. of November, 1854, a general order was issued, announcing that the Queen had been pleased to command that a medal should be prepared, "to commemorate the success of her Majesty's Forces in the wars in which they were engaged against the Kaffirs, in the years 1834-5, 1846-7, and in the course of the period between the 24th. of December, 1850, and the 6th. of February, 1853; one of which was to be conferred on every surviving officer, non-commissioned officer, and soldier of the regular forces, including the officers of the staff, and the officers and men of the Royal Artillery, Royal

Engineers, and Sappers and Miners, who actually served in the field against the enemy in South Africa, at the periods alluded to, excluding those who may have been dismissed for subsequent misconduct, or who have deserted and are absent." The obverse has the Queen's head, with the inscription VICTORIA REGINA, similar to the Crimean Medal. On the reverse is the lion crouching under a shrub, above which are the words SOUTH AFRICA, and beneath the year 1853. The ribbon is orange, with purple stripes.

CAMPAIGNS IN SOUTH AFRICA.

1834-5.

AT length the aggressions of the Kaffir tribes, which were at this period divided into three nations, the Amapondas, the Tambookies, and the Amakosa, assumed a formidable and an atrocious character before unknown. The colonial boundary extended, on one side, to the Keiskamma; but a chief named Macomo had been permitted to reside within the British territory. Owing to some outrages committed by him and his followers on the Tambookies, he was deprived of the lands he held by sufferance in the British territory. His expulsion, however, was not strictly enforced until 1833, when he was removed beyond the boundary, and he became violently incensed against the government. The predatory habits of the Kaffirs also led to disputes when the British were searching for stolen property, and the lenity observed towards the aggressors, emboldened them to become more violent in their attacks. Towards the end of 1834, multitudes of Kaffirs rushed into the colony, and commenced the work of murder, rapine, and devastation by fire amongst the settlers. The ruins of once flourishing farms spoke of savage vengeance. Graham's Town was barricaded, and the houses turned into fortifications. Troops were ordered to the frontier, and preparations were made to carry hostilities into the heart of Kaffirland, to visit with necessary chastisement these aggressions, and to take measures to prevent the recurrence of similar outrages.

The forces which were assembled for operations beyond the eastern frontier, were distributed into four divisions. The first division, (with which were the head-quarters of the Commander-in-Chief, Major-General Sir Benjamin D'Urban, K.C.B.,) was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Peddie, K.H., of the 72nd. Highlanders, and consisted of two guns Royal Artillery, detachment of Cape Mounted Riflemen, 72nd. Highlanders, first battalion Provisional Infantry, and the Swellendam Burgher Force. The second was commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Somerset, K.H., and was composed of two guns Royal Artillery, Cape Mounted Riflemen, (head-quarter division,) the George, Uitenhage, and the Albany Burgher Forces. The third, commanded by Major Cox, of the 75th. regiment, consisted of two guns Royal Artillery, detachment Cape Mounted Riflemen, second battalion Provisional Infantry, detachment Swellendam Burgher Force, Beaufort Burgher Force, and the Kat River Legion. The fourth, under Field Commandant Van Wyk, consisted of the Somerset Burgher Force.

Colonel Smith, C.B., (afterwards the celebrated Sir Harry Smith, of Aliwal,) was appointed second in command, continuing at the same time in the performance of his duties as Chief of the Staff to the United Regular and Burgher Forces; on the 26th. of March, 1835, he led a well-directed inroad into the enemy's country; the Buffalo Mountains were penetrated, and the combined and successive operations in Kaffirland were eminently successful, numerous heads of cattle, the great wealth of the enemy, being captured.

On the 24th. of April, 1835, it was declared that the troops were in a state of hostility with the Kaffir tribes of the Chief Hintza, but it was decided that no kraals or huts should be burnt, and that the gardens and cornfields should be foraged in a regular manner. The operations of the troops were so successful that Hintza sued for peace, which was concluded personally with that chief by the end of the

month.

*

To give some idea of the difficulties inseparable from these

At this period the Fingo tribes placed themselves under the protection of the British government; great care was ordered to be observed that they should not be taken for the enemy. Their warriors were distinguished from the Kaffirs, by carrying shields.

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