the discovery of the use of the त् पूर्वं नाविकानां महोपloadstone, were of great import. योगाय सूर्यचन्द्रनक्षत्रा ance to the mariner ( Aets XXVII, 20)." “ The heavenly bodies are ण्यासन् । तथा हिमातपा also said to be for seasons, as winter and summer, day and night. द्यूतूनां दिनरात्र्योश्च ताWe have no other standard for नि परिचायकानि भवन्ती the measuring of time. " (2) The grateful vicissitudes त्यक्त'। कालपरिज्ञानस्यच सूर्याद्यतिरिक्त उपायो ना स्ति लोके ॥ | २ | तान्येतानि रम्याalso which attend them are ex- णि दिनराज्यतुं परिवर्त pressive of the goodness of God. If it were always day or always नानि भगवतः साधतां सूnight, summer or winter, our en- चयन्ति । यदि सदैव दिनjoyments would be unspeakably मेववा राचिरेव वा ग्री diminished. Well is it said at every pause. And God saw that ष्मण्ववा हेमन्तएववा ऽभit as GOOD !” (Fuller, p. 3). (3) The moon is called one विष्यत् तवश्यमस्मदीयं सुखं न्यनीकृतमभविष्यत् अतश्च प्रतिसष्टिविराममपिचेश्वरस्तदुत्तममपश्य दि ति निर्देश: संगच्छते ॥ | ३ | महती ज्योतिषी of the greater lights, not as what इति । यद्यपि चन्द्रः स्वरू it is in itself, but what it is to us." See ante, v ঁ, $ 10. पतो न महत् ज्योतिस्तथापितस्यास्मदादीन् प्रति महोपयोगत्वान्महत्त्वाभिधा नम् ॥ (4) We proceed to the 20th and subsequent verses. | ४ । अथविंशतितमाद्या ऋच आह । 20. And God said, let the अपिचेश्वर उवाच जलाwaters bring forth abundantly the नि सजीवांश्चरान् बहुलं moving thing of living soul; and let the fying thing fly above the सुवतां तथोत्पतनशीलाः पृearth on the face of the expanse थिव्या उपरिष्टाद् गगन of the heavens. 21. And God created the great वितानकमुखे उड्डीयन्ताम् ॥२०॥ अपिचेश्वरस्तान् महामsaurians and every living soul that करविशेषान् स्वजातिमनु moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly after their kind, बहुलं जलैः प्रस्वतांश्चरान् and every winged flying thing जीवांश्च ससर्ज तथा स्वafter his kind ; and God saw that जातिमन सपक्षानुत्पतनit was good. 22. And God blessed them, शोलान । एतच्चेश्वर उत्तममित्यपश्यत् ॥ २१ ॥ अपिचेश्वरः सफला यध्वं saying, be fruitful, and multiply, वर्धध्वं समुद्रस्थजलानि पू. and fill the waters in the seas : and let the flying thing multiply in the earth. (1). Let the waters &c.' It रयध्वं तथोत्पतनशीलाः पृथिव्यां वर्धन्तामिति वदंस्तानाशिषाऽवर्धयत् ॥ २२ ॥ अपिच सा सन्ध्या सच प्रातः काल इति पश्चमो दिवसो बभूष ॥ २३ ॥ । १ । जलानीत्यादि । was stated in v. 11 that God cre- एकादश्याम्मृचि जंगमप्रा now told that the inhabitants of ated plants antecedently to the fणसृष्टः पूर्वं स्थावरप्रा creation of animals; and we are णिसृष्टिरभिहिता अचच the waters, and flying creatures - जलजन्तु पक्षिभेदभिन्नांडthat is to say the oviparous ani - जप्राणिसृष्टिरितरप्राणिसृ mals were created antecedently to others. A Let us see how this ष्टे: पूर्वकालिकत्वेनोपदिaccords with the discoveries of ष्टा । अस्मिन् विषये भूगभविद्याविषय उपष्टम्भको Geology. B. vI, Sec. 1., it is stated that the ऽस्ति | ( 2 ) In the Synopsis of Science, | २ | तथाहि न्यायकै tops of high mountains are cold, मुद्यां षष्ठेऽध्याये प्रथमे प्रas is proved by the perpetual pre- करणे | अथैवं निष्पन्नानां sence of snow upon them, as in हिमालयाद्युच्च पर्वतानां the Himálaya. The snows of lofty शिखराणि सर्वदा हिमसं mountains are the source of great rivers, as the Ganges. Great rivers घाटतान्यत्यन्तशीतानि तcarry down quantities of solid चत्यएव हिमसंघो गंगादि matter, abraded from the moun tains, and deposit this in the lower महानदीनां निदानं ताश्च grounds. Thus have the Sundar - नद्यः पर्वतशरीराद्दिश्लि bans been formed by the Ganges. ष्टान मृत्याषाणादिसंघान् and bones of alligators, tigers, deer, प्रवाह बलेनाधोनयन्ति &c., embedded in the strata of the तेनैव क्रमेण गंगाप्रवाहवSundarbans, we are not surprised, If we find portions of palmtrees, because we know that these strata शात् सुंदरवनाख्यं स्थलconsist of what was originally in मुत्पन्नं अतएव यदि सुंदरthe shape of abraded and softened वनभूगर्भे तालवृक्षकाष्ठानि मकरव्याघ्रहरिणादीtigers, &c., lived, in the vicinity. नामस्थीनि चोपलभ्यन्ते matter carried downwards by the river, whilst palm trees grew, and F So, conversely, when we find the तर्हि नैतदस्मान् विस्मापयremains of plants and animals in ति यतः सुंदरवनभूमिस्त the hard stratified rocks which constitute many mountain-chains, देव पदार्थजातं बिभर्ति यत् it seems reasonable to conclude that those rocks were once dis किमपि पर्वतभूमिविश्चि solved through water, just like the ष्टं तालवृक्षोहमव्याघ्रादिmud that formed the Sundarbans ; निवासस्थानसमीपादागत and that the plants and animals, the remains of which we find pre या गंगया समनीयतेत्य served in the rocks, lived about the स्माभिर्निश्चितं तदेवं या time when those rocks were form सां ing. क्रमिकस्तराकारशिलानां गर्भे जन्तुवृक्षशेषा ( 3 ) Many of the plants and animals whose remains are found in hardened rocks, were of very strange kinds. [Anatomists can उपलभ्यन्ते ताः सर्वाः सुंदरवनस्थानारम्भकपंकोचयवत् पुरा कदाचिज्जलविलीन मूर्तयोऽभूवन् अपिच तचतचेोपलभ्यमा- तच तच देशेऽत्यद्भुतविविधप्राsometimes recognise the species of णिसत्वं निर्णोतम् तद् य an animal by means of a single bone ; how much more so, then, था । प्राचीनकालको ह when entire skeletons have been स्ती हस्तषङ्काधिके । च्छायो discovered.] We shall describevery हस्तैकादशकाधिक दैर्घ्यवि briefly some of the animals which, from an examination of their skel - शिष्टो रामाक्रान्तशरीरश्चाetons embedded in rocks, have सीत् तस्य दन्तावतिपृथू कु been ascertained to have existed on this globe at the period when those rocks were formed. टिलत The तावास्तां । प्राचीनकालिMammoth, the elephant of the केा महामकरो दयै चय ancient world, was about 9 feet high, and above 16 feet long from स्त्रिंशङ्खस्त आसीत् तस्याthe point of the nose to the end स्थीनि यत्राधुना शीतवशा of the tail. Its tusks were nine feet and a half in length, and were very much curved. Its body was न्न कश्चन मकरः स्थातुं शक्नोति तस्मिन्निङलण्ड देशे covered with hair. The Megalo - प्राप्यन्ते । प्राक्तनी महागोधा saurus, or Alligator of the ancient world was between 40 and 50 सप्तचत्वारिंशद्ध स्तदैर्ष्याऽ feet in length. Its bones are भवत्। परातनो मकरविशेषो विंशतिकरदैर्थो नरIguanodon, or gigantic iguana, a शिरः स्थूलने च आसीत् सkind of long-tailed lizard, grew to चाधनिकमकर इव स्थले found in England, a country which is now too cold for alligators. The above 70 fect long. The Ichthyo saurus, or fish-lizard must have पादैर्गन्तुं समर्थो नाभवत् resembled an alligator with fins पादाभावात् अपितु जलinstead of feet. The largest spe- संचारानुकूलानां पश्पिक्षeyes were larger than a man's विलक्षणानां पक्षाणां सhead. The Plesiosaurus differed त्त्वात् मत्स्य इव जले गन्तमfrom the Ichthyosaurus in having लमासीत् सच मत्स्यमकर cies was about 20 feet long. Its a very small head, and a long neck like the body of a serpent इति व्यवहियते । अन्यश्च The Pterodactyle, or flying lizard दीर्घग्रीव मत्स्य म करना |