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1st. 198+1+1=100. 2d. 68-7.

ANSWERS TO CONUNDRUMS,

2.

Who

Two boys start out selling oranges. One boy sells three oranges for a cent, the other sells two for a cent. Each boy has thirty oranges. The sixty oranges have brought twenty-five cents. ever bought one cent's worth of each boy got five oranges for two cents. The boys think it over, and decide to go into partnership. They buy sixty oranges, and sell them at the rate of five for two cents. When they are all sold, they find the sixty oranges have brought but What becomes of twenty-four cents. the other cent?

ENIGMA.

Five fellow travellers oft in black we

view;

Some in obedience, some in pleasure live;

1. Because their little bills are all over They're friends to Jack, Jem, Dick, to

dew.

2. When he's killed (skilled).

3. When they make 44.

4. Because it's the end of pork. 5. United- Untied.

6. The elder tree.

CHARADE.

On my first the warrior wild
Oft to death or victory flew;
In my next the favorite child,
By indulgence spoiled, you view;
See my whole, of various dyes;
Kings admire it, subjects prize;
Yet, however rich or neat,
Trample it beneath their feet.

Joe and you,

Though never conscious of the aid they give.

CONUNDRUMS.

If Dick's father is Tom's son, what relation is Dick to Tom?

What did Queen Elizabeth take her pills in?

What is the difference between a mouse and a young lady?

Of what trade is the sun?

What is the best day for making pancakes?

SCHEDULE

OF

ARTICLES AND OCCUPATIONS SUBJECT TO TAX

UNDER THE

INTERNAL REVENUE LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES,

As Amended June 6, 1872.

SPIRITS.

(From Official Sources.)

..200.00

Spirits distilled from apples, peaches, grapes, or other materials, per gallon........................... 80 70 Rectifiers (special tax).... Wines, liquors, or compounds known or denominated as wine, and made in imitation of sparkling wine or champagne, but not made from grapes grown in the United States, and liquors not made from grapes, currants, rhubarb, or berries grown in the United States, but produced by being rectified or mixed with distilled spirits, or by the infusion of any matter in spirits to be sold as wine, or as a substitute for wine, in bottles containing not more than one pint, per bottle or package

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.10

Same in bottles containing more than one pint, and not more than one quart, per bottle or package ....

Brewers, annual manufacture not less than 500 barrels (special tax)...

.100.00

.20

And at the same rate for any larger quantity of such merchandise, however put up, or whatever may be the package.

Dealers, retail liquor (special tax)..

25.00

Retail dealers in malt liquors........ • 20.00
Wholesale dealers in malt liquors.................... 50.00

BANKS AND BANKERS.
Bank deposits, per month ...1-24 of 1 per c.

Dealers, wholesale liquor (special tax).......100 00 Bank deposits, savings, &c., having no capi

...... 50.00 20.00

Manufacturers of stills (special tax)...
Stills or worms, manufactured, each.
Stamps for distilled spirits intended for ex-
port, each.....

Stamps, distillery warehouse, each......... Stamps for rectified spirits, each........... Stamps, wholesale liquor dealers', each....

TOBACCO.

Cigars and cheroots of all descriptions, domestic or imported, per thousand.. Cigarettes, domestic or imported, weighing not over three pounds per thousand, per M....

Cigarettes, domestic or imported, weighing over three pounds per thousand, per M..... Manufacturers of cigars (special tax).... Snuff of all descriptions, domestic or imported, and snuff-flour, sold or removed for use, per pound..

Tobacco, chewing and smoking, fine-cut, cavendish, plug or twist, cut or granulated, of every description; tobacco twisted by hand, or reduced into a condition to be consumed, or in any manner other than the ordinary mode of drying and curing, prepared for sale or consumption, even if prepared without the use of any machine or instrument, and without being pressed or sweetened; and all fine-cut shorts, and refuse scraps, clippings, cuttings, and sweepings of tobacco, domestic or imported, per pound ...

Stamps for tobacco or snuff intended, for export, each..

Dealers in leaf tobacco (special tax). Retail dealers in leaf tobacco, annual sales not over $1,000 (special tax)..

.25 .10 .10 .10

5.00

1.50

5.00 10.00

.32

tal stock, per six months ..........1-4 of 1 per c. Bank capital, per month......1-24 of 1 per c. Bank circulation, per month........1-12 of 1 per c. Bank circulation exceeding 90 per cent. of capital in addition, per month......1-6 of 1 per c. Banks, on amount of notes of any person, State Bank, or State Banking Association, used for circulation and paid out........10 per c. NOTE. The tax on income expires by limitation with the assessment on incomes for the calendar year 1871.

STAMP TAXES UNDER SCHEDULE C. Proprietary medicines, perfumery, cosmetics, &c., each packet, bottle, or other enclosure, not over 25 cents retail price or value .... Not over 50 cents......

Not over 75 cents..............................
Not over one dollar

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The Colorado Potato Beetle.

THE farmers of New England should bear in mind that an enemy to the potato crop, more destructive and more to be dreaded than the fatal disease with which they are already familiar, is gradually, but surely approaching from the west. This insect, the ten-lined Doryphora, was first discovered in the Rocky Mountains, upon the wild species of the potato, and has worked its way eastward on the advance of civilization towards the west, till it has nearly overrun the Western States, and gained a foothold in some points of Western New York and Pennsylvania, making a progress on an average of about sixty miles a year.

In the season of 1871 the falling off in the potato crop of the west as compared with the previous year was estimated as fully twenty per cent. in consequence of the ravages of this destructive beetle. In some states it was much more than that, being, in Illinois, thirty-five per cent., in Michigan, thirty-four per cent., and

so on.

In 1870, the northern column of this great army of invasion reached the borders of Canada, and gained a foothold some distance inland. In the spring of 1871, the beetles literally swarmed across the Detroit River, and crossed Lake Erie on ships, on boards, on chips, and shingles, or whatever else would afford them a passage, and in the course of the year they invaded the whole country between the St. Clair and the Niagara Rivers, and the islands in the western part of Lake Erie. They have not yet reached New England, probably, though reports were circulated last year that they had been observed in some points in Western Massachusetts, on the borders of New York. This was doubtless the Trilineata, an allied species, but an old, and comparatively harmless enemy, that was mistaken for the genuine Colorado beetle, as it was the year previous, when found in several parts of Worcester county, where it gave rise to the report that we had at last been reached by that greatest of all potato destroyers.

The ravages of this beetle are very complete. It destroys the vines, attacking them soon after they appear above the surface of the ground. The mature beetle lays its eggs, from seven hundred to twelve hundred in number, on the young leaves of the potato, attaching them at the end to the under side of the leaf in clusters. The larvæ hatch out in a few days, and feed on the leaves fifteen to twenty days, when they burrow in the earth, and change into pupa, in which state they remain ten to twelve days, when they emerge as full-grown beetles, to lay more eggs for a second generation. There are three broods annually, the last remaining in the ground all winter, to come out as perfect beetles when the spring opens, and the potato comes up to supply the food and the place to deposit its eggs. As all its transformations occupy less than fifty days, it has been estimated that a single pair, allowed to increase unmolested, will produce over sixty millions in a single

season.

Though this destructive insect spreads, it does not leave a district where it has once gained a foothold. So far as now known, it holds the ground which it has once gained in spite of all efforts to eradicate it. When it first appears in a new dis trict, if every farmer would unite in the work, and pick it by hand, it could, perhaps, be kept down for a time. Paris green appears to be the only effective remedy, but many pieces have been kept clear by persistent and laborious hand picking.

Fall Feeding Mowing Lots.

MOST farmers in ordinary years are under the necessity, as they think, of turning their cattle into the fall feed upon the mowing lots. If they were cautious not to feed too closely, this practice might often be justified on the ground of economy, but the prevailing fault is that of feeding the fields bare, and leaving no protection whatever for the roots of the grass. This is a positive, and often a permanent, injury to the field, as it kills out the grasses, and the yield of such a field will be less and less every year till it runs out, as it soon will, under such a system. The natural compensation for close feeding is a liberal top-dressing of compost before the winter sets in, but this on most farms is impracticable, and is seldom applied. In the wildness of Nature, the stalk, falling and decaying over the roots, forms the most complete protection against the severity of the climate, as well as the fertilizing material for the future growth of the plant; and Nature, in this respect, s a safe and suggestive guide. But farther than this, it is asserted by scientific men that the juice, or the sap, of plants is elaborated in the process of growth, and that this elaborated and prepared sap is stored up in the roots of the plant through the winter, so as to be available for the early and rapid growth of the plant when the spring opens. If this is true, and we see no reason to doubt it, the importance of allowing a considerable portion of the late fall growth to remain upon the land is quite apparent, and its removal, either by the close grazing of cattle or by the scythe, cannot be justified on the ground of economy. Where the burden of the fall growth is great, a second crop may be cut early in the fall, or it may be fed off early without injury, but late and close feeding of the mowing lots is to be avoided.

Water for Stock.

IT has always seemed to us that few farmers realize the importance of a full and free supply of pure water for stock, especially for dairy stock. A muddy pool in the pasture, often fouled with slime and the droppings of cattle, is not uncommonly all the water that is accessible. Cows will drink it only when driven by necessity, but it is often the source of disease, and is never taken in quantities sufficient for the wants of the cow in milk. A running stream, or spring of fresh and pure water, is vastly better, and if this is not at hand a well should be dug, or some other adequate provision made for a constant and easy supply.

Cows should be incited to take as much water as possible, for the milk can be increased in quantity several quarts a day without any very perceptible injury to its quality, the milk they yield being always in some proportion to the quantity of water taken into the system. Careful experiments upon this point have shown that cows which, when stall-fed with dry fodder, gave only from nine to twelve quarts of milk per day, produced at once from twelve to fourteen quarts when their food was moistened with from eighteen to twenty-three quarts of water per day, the animals being allowed to drink at the same intervals as before, and their thirst excited by adding a small quantity of salt to their fodder. The milk yielded under this system of feeding was accurately analyzed and found to be of good quality, and excellent butter was obtained from it.

Some cows will naturally drink much more than others, but it will be found, on a careful observation, that the small drinkers are invariably small milkers, that a cow cannot produce large and profitable quantities of milk without the consumption of large quantities of water, and that the quantity of water consumed is a valuable test of the milking qualities of the cow. In a paper submitted to the French Academy of Sciences, M. Dancel discusses, at considerable length, the influence of liquid food and of water upon the production of milk by herbivorous animals, and asserts that a cow which does not habitually drink at least twenty-seven quarts a day is actually, and of necessity, a poor milker, and that a cow producing from eighteen to twenty-three quarts of milk a day will consume as much as fifty quarts of water daily. A cow in milk always drinks more than a dry cow, the quantity varying according to the breed, from eleven quarts to forty-five quarts a day.

But some maintain that inducing a cow to drink twenty quarts a day more than her accustomed quantity, and thereby obtaining from her several additional quarts of milk, is practically an adulteration of the milk, and as objectionable as the addition of water after it has left the cow, and that the latter method is the simpler and easier of the two. That is not exactly the case, for the milk from the cow that drinks the amount of water that would otherwise be added to the milk, according to the old and time-honored custom of the milkmen, is superior in quality to milk that is watered after it leaves the udder, and chemical analysis will show that it approximates more closely the condition of normal and genuine milk; or, in other words, milk that is diluted in the animal is elaborated and organized in a manner quite beyond the power of man to imitat. It must, therefore, be regarded as pure milk, however much water the animal takes. It is still a secretion of the animal, and not a vile mixture of milk and water. If it contains a larger percentage of water than it would if the cow had consumed less liquid nourishment, it is still superior to watered milk, and is a genuine and a natural production of the animal organization. Let the dairy cow, therefore, have an abundance of the clearest and purest water at all times within her reach, and induce her to take it freely, if you wish to get the largest quantity of milk that she is capable of yielding.

TIDE TABLE.

The Tides given in the Calendar pages are for the Port of Boston. The following table contains the approximate difference between the time of High Water at Boston and several other places. The reader is warned that this table will not always give the exact time of the tide, as the difference varies from day to day. It is hoped, however, it will be near enough to be useful.

The difference, if preceded by +, is to be added to, or if preceded by -, subtracted from, the time as given in the Calendar pages.

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Beaufort, N. C.
Bridgeport, Conn.
Cape Henry, Va.
Cape May, N. J.
Charleston, S. C.
City Point, Va.
Cold Spring, N. J.
Eastport, Me.
Edgartown, Ms.
Holmes Hole, Ms.

4 03

Newburyport, Ms.
Newcastle, Del.

0 07 Portsmouth, N. H. +0 29 Salem, Mass.

0 06

0 16

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-0 13

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-2 06

Sandy Hook, N.Y.
Savannah, Ga.

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-3 44

4 05

New Rochelle, N.Y.-0 07

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3 22

- 3 57

Gov. Island.

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Dry Dock.
St. Augustine, Fla.
Stonington, Conn.
Washington, D.C.
Navy Yard.

+2 15 West Point, N. Y.
-010 Wilmington, Del.

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}+8 41

4

Poultry on the Farm.

IN the economy of the farm too little importance is attached to the keeping and the profits of poultry. If this department is properly managed, the income, so far from being an insignificant item, will far more than balance the cost, to say nothing of the good derived from the destruction of insects and vermin that infest our crops. Fowls require a variety of diet, and however much grain they may have, the desire for flesh food, in the shape of insects, grasshoppers, and grubs of almost every sort, seems never to be appeased. It is, therefore, highly important that they should be allowed to run at large through the summer, so far as it is practicable. The good they accomplish counterbalances, to a large extent, the mischief they may do in the garden.

Many fail to get the highest prices for poultry in the market from a neglect of a proper attention to their wants in the course of preparation for this final ordeal. Fattening poultry ought to be regularly supplied with fresh and sweet Indian meal, or barley meal, mixed in scalding water, or what is better, in milk. If cooped up, as they should be at this time, they should have fresh food three times a day, very early in the morning, again at noon, and at night, giving each time as much as they can eat, but no more than will be eaten by the next meal, and inv of it is left, it ought to be taken away and given to the other fowls, before it gets to be sour. To prevent this the feeding pans should be kept quite clean and pure

To vary the diet, and so increase the appetite, an occasional eeding of boiled barley is excellent, and a small dish of grains, in addition to their regular feeding, may be kept within reach. To fatten them rapidly and to excess, mufton suet and the trimmings of loins are often chopped up fine and mixed and scalded with the meal, or boiled in the milk or water before it is used to mix the meal. It makes a firm fat that the dealers like.

It is hardly necessary to say, that during this course of preparation there should be a constant supply of fresh and clean water, and a little gravel always at hand. Fowls depend chiefly on gravel to facilitate the grinding action of the gizzard, and the food does not digest readily without it. This is a point too often overlooked in cooping fowls to fatten, but gravel, oyster shells, bones, or something of the sort, is essential to the comfort and well being of fowls, at all times, and especially when confined and highly fed. It is a good plan, also, to have some kind of green food within their easy reach, such as turnip tops, sliced cabbages, or common green turf, to pick over. It is conducive to health and contentment, and so to the increase of fat. Oatmeal may be given as a change from Indian meal, from time to time, but Indian meal is better as the basis of the feeding, as it contains a large percentage of oil, and is very fattening.

Under this method of treatment, two weeks, or three at the most, are sufficient to prepare fowls for the market, and when fat enough, as they will be in this time, they ought to be killed immediately, for an attempt to keep them too long in this state may lead to some inflammatory action which will make the flesh hard, and perhaps unwholesome.

No more than a dozen fowls should be confined in the same coop to fatten, and a coop three feet long, two feet wide, and two and a half feet high, is sufficient for this number. The sides and ends may be of bars three inches apart, the bottom of round poles two inches apart, and the top a common board. Set it in the barn, or any comfortable room, two feet from the floor, and where it will be free from any strong light and from all cold draughts of air.

STATEMENT OF THE PUBLIC DEBT.

The following is the statement of the Public Debt, September 1, 1872:

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