PRESHORE, ITS ETYMOLOGY.-Can any of your readere help me to a rational etymology of the name of this town? It is a place of some antiquity; a religious house, which afterwards grew into an important Benedictine abbey, having been founded here in the seventh century. The only account I have met with of the name is either Pear-shore, from the pear-trees growing on the shore or bank of the river; or Pear-sore, meaning fertile in pears. These seem to require no refutation. The name appears variously as Perscore, Parshore, and, in its Latinised form, Persicora. R. E. BARTLETT. REGISTRUM SACRUM AMERICANUM. May I trouble you with one or two queries on this subject? 1. Is there any biography of the estimable but somewhat eccentric Bishop Polk, who died (?) in 1864, after holding a commission during the late civil war? 2. Who were the consecrators of Bishop McCrosky, who became Bishop of Michigan July 7th, 1836 ? 3. I have access to the lives of Seabury, White, Claggett, Hobart, Griswold, Dehon, R. C. Moore, Bowen, Chase, Ravenscroft, Henshawe, Doane, and Wainwright: are there any other lives of deceased prelates besides the notices in The Church Review? What is the best life of White ? 4. For what reason was H. U. Onderdonk, of Pennsylvania, suspended? He was restored in 1856, and died in 1858. JUXTA TURRIM. ROYAL AND NOBLE GAMESTERS.-In a notice of M. Benzanet, lately deceased, who was proprie tor of the gaming establishments at Baden Baden, the writer says:— "His father was the fermier des jeux of Frascati, the wondrous scenes during the occupation of Paris by the celebrated tapis vert on the Boulevard, witness of such Allies, where the Duke of Wellington, Blücher, and Rostopschin, while gambling incognito at one end of the table, were one night suddenly recognised by the Emperor Alexander and Souvaroff, who were gambling incognito at the other. When the two parties joined profits and losses together, they managed to clear a good round sum, and leave the hall amid the hisses of the company, not one individual having guessed their identity, from the simple conviction of the utter impossibility of such lightness of conduct on the part of such grave personages as the conquerors of Paris; and the preconceived impressions that this band of gallant heroes must of necessity be engaged at that moment in drawing up the terms of the treaty of Paris, and the ultimatum to be offered to the vanquished party." 'Gossip from Paris," Birmingham Journal, Dec. 21, 1867. This is remarkable if true. Has any reader of "N. & Q." seen it before? If so, where? FITZHOPKINS. Garrick Club. SCOTTISH LOCAL HISTORIES.-Will some of the readers of "N. & Q." kindly give the names of works (with their authors, publishers, and dates of publication) on the counties of Aberdeen, Banff, Moray, and Nairn, having reference to the histories of families and estates in those districts, and of any other local works likely to contain allusions to these subjects? The list might be added to from time to time. Such information would doubtless be interesting to some of your readers generally, for reference, besides being of special service to me. BENJAMIN LESLIE. SHAKSPEARE: SHYLOCK.-In the Cyclopædia published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (in which edition we observe, by the way, that the word "verse" does not stand heading an article), vol. xiii. p. 122, I SOLDRUP.-As a relaxation from sterner labour, I lately amused myself with tracing back to their Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Norman origin, the names of the villages situated in the northern half of the county of Bedford. One of these, Soldrup, has given me some trouble. At first sight it would appear to be a compound of the Danish words Sol and drup, and would mean Sun-thorpe, and the probability of its having been a Danish settlement is increased by the fact of there being a village in Denmark called Soderup. But there is also a small town on the old coach-road between Strasburg and Paris bearing the name of Saulx drupt (apparently a corruption of Salix dirupta), and hence my difficulty. It is well known that when William the Bastard invaded England, his army was not composed of Normans exclusively; its ranks were filled by adventurers of all sorts, who were lured to his standard by hopes of booty, and among these may possibly have been a Jean or Pierre from the Saulxdrupt above mentioned. If such were the case, nothing is more natural than that the lucky adventurer should give the name of Saulxdrupt to his new home. Would one of the learned correspondents of "N. & Q." have the courtesy to inform me whether the Dom Bok-irreverently termed Doomsday Booksays anything there anent, sub voce, Soldrup, Soldrope, or Saulxdrupt? OUTIS. Risely, Beds. "SOLVITUR AMBULANDO."- What is the origin, and what the exact meaning of this Latin phrase? J. B. D. SUBORDERS IN THE ENGLISH. CHURCH.-Can any of your readers kindly refer me to a collected account of the late church movement in favour of authorized lay ministrations, and to records of any results of that movement? T. W. BELCHER, M.D. Coll. of Physicians, Dublin. THOMAS FAMILY. Can any of your correspondents give me information in regard to the English descent of the Maryland family of Thomas? I am about compiling a history of the family, and would be obliged to anyone who should furnish me with particulars in regard to them. The first of the family who settled in America was a certain Evan Thomas, who came over in the early part of the eighteenth century. His immediate descendants settled in Maryland, and, occupying positions of note, are easily traced; but I am unable to discover his descent. The family bears two coats of arms: one similar to that of Thomas of Gellywemen, and the other having for crest a crow, sable, perched on a green bough, and bearing on the shield three similar birds. As a help to an answer, I may remark that the unvarying family tradition represents them as of Welsh descent; and that Evan and Lewin are common Christian names of the family. My address is L. BUCKLEY THOMAS, care of James Cheston & Co., Baltimore, Maryland, U. S. A. Queries with Answers. LINES BY JOHN PHILIPOTT (3rd S. xii. 390, 486.)-The first two stanzas are given by Ellis, in his Specimens of the Early English Poets, vol. iii. p. 359, ed. 1803, and ascribed to Simon Wastell. Ellis states: "He translated from Shaw's Bibliorum Summula, A True Christian's Daily Delight, being a metrical epitome of the Bible, 1623, 12mo, which was enlarged and reprinted, 1629, 12mo, under the title of Microbiblion. From the latter edition the following stanzas are extracted, which have sometimes been inserted among the poems of Quarles." H. P. D. The verses quoted by DR. RIX (St. Neots) as "Lines by John Philipott," under the title of "A Fragment written about the Time of James 1st," were no more written by Philipott than by DR. RIX himself. They may be found at the end of Simon Wastell s Microbiblion, or the Bible Epitome, London, printed for Robert Mylbourne, &c., 1629, 24mo.--a little work of rather rare occurrence and curious, each verse beginning with a letter of the alphabet in order. At the end of the volume are four separate leaves, frequently wanting; on one of which are the lines in question, but they are altogether so different, and so much superior to the rest of the work, that they are evidently not the composition of Wastell; but their author must be sought for elsewhere. They are much above the average of such like verses, and ought scarcely to be termed "a fragment." Wastell was a Westmoreland man, and of Queen's College, Oxford. A copy of his little work was priced in the Bibl. Angl. Poet., 878, at 41. 48. Thomas Philipott, M.A., of Clare Hall, in Cambridge, published a volume of Poems, London, 1646, 8vo. But who was John Philipott? T. C.. [These verses are attributed to John Philipott, not by DR. RIX, but on the authority of the Harl. MS. 3917, fol. pott speak of him, not only as a herald and an antiquary, 88 b. (see last vol., p. 390.) The biographers of John Phili but as a poet. The first verse is to be found on the tomb of Alderman Humble in St. Saviour's, Southwark, erected in 1616, at the time when John Philipott was Rouge Dragon. This verse appears to have formed the model of nine other verses, each of twelve lines, printed by the Rev. J. Hannah in his edition of Bishop Henry King's Poems and Psalms, ed. 1843, pp. cxviii.-cxxii. and attributed to five different authors. Thomas Philipott, his son, formerly of Clare Hall, Cambridge, published in 1659 his father's collections, under the title of Villare Cantiarum, or Kent Surveyed and Illustrated, reprinted in 1778.] SETEBOS AND WALLEECHU are two Indian deities. Of the first, mention is made by Shakespeare in his play of The Tempest; but who is the second, and by what particular nation is he worshipped? An answer or a reference will oblige R. S. T. "From all who swear themselves meisworn." These are the mates of Catharus, From whom good Lord deliver us." Who were the Misobasilists and Tamilists, who Catharus and the Etnauhs, and what is the meaning of the words meisworn and spurgold? J. MANUEL. [The Etnauhs are Etnas. Meisworn, i. e. Missworn. Misobasilists, i. e. King-haters. Catherus, i. e. Catherans, with a Latin termination, Highland robbers. Spurgold is base gilt metal. The "covenanting Tamilists" must remain a query.] [Setebos was the name of the deity invoked by the inhabitants of the Straits discovered by and named after Magalhaens. Mention is made of that ferocious god in all the old Voyages to Magellanica. "Walleechu" is the deity of the Indians inhabiting that narrow and sterile strip of territory confined by the rivers Negro and Colorado, in Buenos Ayres. It is a doubtful point whether Walleechu be a spirit or a tree. The last-mentioned, however, serves for his altar on the Sierra de la Ventana, overlooking the valley of the Rio Negro. Mr. Darwin, in his Journal (see vol. iii. pp. 79, 80 of Fitzroy and King's Voyages of the Adventure and Beagle, 8vo, Lond. 1839) thus describes it: "Shortly after passing the first spring we came in sight of a famous tree, which the Indians reverence as the altar of Walleechu. It is situated on a high part of the plain, and hence is a landmark visible at a great distance. As soon as a tribe of Indians come in sight of it, they offer their adorations by loud shouts. The tree itself is low, much branched, and thorny. Just above the root it has a diameter of about three feet. It stands by itself without any neighbour, and was indeed the first tree we saw; afterwards we met with a few others of the same kind, but they were far from common. Being winter the tree had no leaves, but in their place numberless threads, by which the various offerings, such as cigars, bread, meat, pieces of cloth, &c. had been suspended. Poor people, not having anything better, only pulled a thread out of their ponchos, and fastened it to the tree. The Indians, moreover, were accustomed to pour spirits and maté into a certain hole, and likewise to smoke upwards, thinking thus to afford all possible gratification to Walleechu. To complete the scene, the tree was surrounded by the bleached bones of the horses which had been slaughtered as sacrifices. All Indians, of every age and sex, made their offerings; they then thought that their horses would not tire, and that they themselves should be prosperous. The Gaucho [or peasant] who told me this, said that in the time of peace he had wit-losophy. He died in Essex on March 4, 1730, Old Style. nessed this scene, and that he and others used to wait till the Indians had passed by for the sake of stealing their offerings from Walleechu. The Gauchos think that the Indians consider the tree as the god itself; but it seems far more probable that they regard it as the altar. The only cause which I can imagine for this choice is its being a landmark in a dangerous passage."] ANONYMOUS. Who is the author of The Rise and Fall of the Heresy of Iconoclasts; or, ImageBreakers Collected by R. M. London: Printed for Tho. Meighan .. 1731, From the advertisement to the reader we learn that it was written by "the late author of England's Conversion and Reformation compared." During the progress of that work "he sometimes found it requisite, after long application, to allow himself some ease of mind, and a relaxation of attention." relaxation consisted in reading the history of the iconoclasts; and "the benefit... he had received from this entertainment" induced him to write the book in question, "that what he had found so diverting to himself might probably prove no less instructive to others." Strangeways. This WILLIAM E. A. AXON. [The two works noticed by our correspondent are by Robert Manning, who was educated at Douay College, where he was sometime Professor of Humanity and Phi Vide Dodd's Church History, iii. 488, and "N. & Q.” 1πt MACHANES. Amongst the collections under Briefs in Castor, Northamptonshire, is this entry, dated Aug. 11, 1700: 01 02 10." "For y Captives at Machanes "For ye Redemption of ye Slaves at Machanes . 0 15 6." [Machanes we take to be Mequinez, a large city of Marocco, and one of the residences of the emperor. The brief for the collections issued by William and Mary is printed in the Introduction (pp. xx.-xxiii.) to "Barbarian Cruelty being a true History of the distressed condition of the Christian Captives under the tyranny of Mully Ishmael, Emperor of Marocco, and King of Fez and Macqueness in Barbary. By Francis Brooks. Lond. 1793, 18mo." Consult also Windus's "Journey to Mequinez, the residence of the present Emperor of Fez and Marocco, on the occasion of Commodore Stewart's Embassy thither for the redemption of the British Captives in the year 1721. Lond. 1725, 8vo."] Replies. SIR THOMAS CHALONER. Looking through back numbers of "N. & Q.," I see the Latin epigrammatic "inscription copied from a portrait of Sir Thomas Chaloner the elder (belonging to Mrs. M. G. Edgar, and numbered 297 in the Exhibition of National Portraits of South Kensington)," and, adds J. E. S., "probably written by Sir Thomas himself, who, besides his reputation as a statesman and soldier, is also accredited with having been one of the best Latin writers in the reign of Elizabeth." I cannot but feel dissatisfied with one part of conjectural restoration " suggested" by the " J. E. S. The part I refer to is in the third line. Here V VNT is, undoubtedly, VIVVNT; the upper part of the I is there, indeed, already. We have the following line: "QVÆ PEREVNT IROI VIVVNTQ3 SIMILLIMA FVMO," the word QVÆ referring to MORTALIA CVNCTA, words at the end of the first line. As to IROI, these four letters are preceded by a blank space, which indicates the disappearance of one or more before them, while the termination is not Latin. The question is-How are we to fill up the lacuna between PEREVNT and VIVVNT? J. E. S. suggests TREPIDO, appending (?). Now, no good writer would put in a position where so much stress is laid on the word filling up such a mere epithet of FVMO. It would be putting a weak word in a strong post. It is clear to me that the place was occupied by a substantive, and that this substantive in combination with the verb PEREVNT answered to. the substantive FVMO in combination with the verb VIVVNT. I would suggest FLORI, or FRONDI, or FOLIO. It would be well if we could get the inscription copied again, and, withal, carefully. Since writing so far, I have been to Oxford, and to the Bodleian Library. I have found Sir Thomas Chaloner's De illustrium, &c. in a volume bearing the following on the initial title-page: "De rep. Anglorum instaurandâ libri decem, Authore Thoma Chalonero Equite, Anglo. "Huc accessit in laudem Henrici Octavi Regis quondam Angliæ præstantiss. carmen Panegyricum. Ítem, De illustrium quorundam encomiis miscellanea, cum epigrammatis, ac epitaphiis nonnullis, eodem authore. "Deploratio acerba necis Heroidis præstantissima, D. Illa suis Phoenix meritò dicenda manebat; Sæpè viros facies, sæpè loquela viros. Ingenium (ô Superi) tenero sub corpore, quantum Docta, cathedrales quod stupuêre sophi. At quæ viva omnes mansueto pectore vicit, Me decet Aöniis tantum indulgere corymbis, Concinere atque isti miseræ lachrymabile carmen, Si numeres linguas: bis quater una tulit. Sancte senex, vicit nostra puella tribus. His periit, nec sponte tumens, nec sponte tiaris Non consanguinea (tam pia) nec gravidæ. Me miserum nequeo ulterius, nam cætera fletus Par erat hoc saltem sanguine pura fores." These verses will probably, from their subject, be found quite sufficiently interesting to justify their being reprinted in " N. & Q.” JOHN HOSKYNS-ABRAHALL, JUN. Combe, near Woodstock. and sometimes as fishing boats, and for the carriage of merchandise; but concerning whose distinctive characteristics, the information that has come down to us appears to be but scanty and vague. According to one account, there were in the "Invincible Armada" thirteen armed zabras: the largest, the "Santiago," being of the burthen of 660 Italian tons (botti), and carrying 60 soldiers, 40 sailors, and 19 guns; and the two smallest being of 166 botti, and carrying respectively 55 and 50 soldiers, 72 and 57 sailors, and 14 and 13 guns. (See Relat. vera dell' Armata, tradotta di Spagnolo in Italiano, Roma, 1588.) On the other hand, in the "MS. Relacion de las naos, galeras, etc., que se aya de hazer la jornada de Ingalaterra" (1588), equally relating to the Armada, zabras are enumerated among the small vessels that would be required for the transport of provisions, ammunition, horses, mules, &c. : "De navios pequeños, saetias, corchapines, caravelas, zabras, pataches y mixerigueras, se haze cuenta que seran menester, para llevar en ellas bastimentos y municiones, cavallos, acemilas y otras diversas cosas, 320."-Jal, Glossaire nautique, 1845. A Spanish friend has suggested to me that the word zabra may be of Arabic origin, but at present I see no sufficient reason for supposing so. Father Larramendi, by birth a Basque, and whose hobby it was to trace words to his native language, does so in the present instance; and, considering the maritime pursuits of his countrymen, with some show of probability. He defines the zabra as a small fragata, and gives as its Latin equivalent myoparo (Larramendi, Diccionario trilingue, 1745). Now, Jal states that the fragata was the smallest of the galley family; and Ducange (ed. 1845) describes the myoparo as a long and narrow craft, patronised by pirates. Perhaps we shall not be wrong in supposing the zabra to have been of a similar shape. With regard to the other word vercus, quoted by your correspondent, I can only conjecture that it may be a slip of the pen for varcas, or possibly varcos; which, as every student who has paid attention to Spanish spelling knows, are the same words as barcas and barcos. The former term would probably mean boats like the "long-boats" attached to ships; and the latter, small vessels of the dimensions usual in coasting craft. JOHN W. BONE. SPANISH ARMADA: "ZABRAS," ETC. Zambras, in the MS. cited by your correspondent, is evidently a mistake for the Spanish term zabras-in Italian also zabras, in Portuguese zavras-vessels repeatedly mentioned by old writers in those languages, sometimes as armed for war, THUD. (3rd S. xii. 460.) This is no new word. If it is not given in some dictionaries, that is their fault. It is probably a word of great antiquity, expressing a peculiar sound in a very marked manner. It is an unpleasant and dissonant word, because it is used to express an unpleasant sound, the sound of a blow on a soft |