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her oath might not bee taken."-John Taylor's Wit and Mirth (Workes, 1630), p. 185. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.

In the reprint of Caxton's Paris and Vienna (just issued by the Roxburghe Library), I find this word party used in a quite unusual manner. Its meaning is "state," ," "condition;" and it seems anglicised from the French parti (see Cotgrave, sub voce.)

Paris and Edward, serenading Vienna, have been seized by ten ambushed knights.

"Thenne wente Parys & edward a parte & spake to gyder / ye see fayr brother said Parys to Edward in what party we be now." (P. 5.)

JOHN ADDIS, JUN.

Rustington, Littlehampton, Sussex. CORSIE, CORSEY (3rd S. xii. 390, 516; 4th S. i. 62.)-Many thanks to MR. SKEAT for his note upon this puzzling word. The use of the word in the E. E. T. S. book, as a real material caustic, goes far towards proof of its original meaning. In all other passages that I know, its use is metaphorical. I have met with it again lately in the Arcadia:

"To these speeches he would couple such gestures of vexation, & would fortifie the gestures with such effects of furie, as sometimes offring to teare vp his wounds, sometimes to refuse the sustenance of meat, & counsel of Physitians, that his perplexed mother was driuen to make him by force to be tended, with extreame corsey to her selfe, & annoyance to him." (Arcadia, b. iii. p. 297, ed. 1629.)

JOHN ADDIS, JUN.

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TOBY JUG (3rd S. xii. 523).-Did the appellation "a Toby jug" involve any reference to Sterne's lieutenant? and is not the "Toby" the proper vessel to be drawn in any representation of my friend and pitcher"? and does any one know what a real "Toby " was ?-who first made it, when it was made, and where it can be seen? I mean the jug on which there appeared in relief two persons seated in an arbour at a table with one of these jugs upon it, using "churchwardens for their tobacco, and viewing a foxhunt, which passed round the jug to the other side of the handle (this may not be very accurate, as it is described from memory); all self-coloured; a drab colour on the convex part of the jug, except towards the upper part, which, with the neck, had the warm-brown tint of stoneware; the neck was upright, rather less than half the height of the lower part, and was cut square with a small lip. Was this the earliest type? and if so, where was the reference to Toby? There is a comparatively modern variation of it, showing two lines of reliefs, consisting of a single figure in breeches, and I suppose vandeloups, seated on a barrel, with the left elbow on a table supplied with the same jug (trees in the distance), on each side of the strap handle; opposite the handle is "Uncle Toby,"

or else "the Farmer," bolding a moderately long pipe in the left hand, and a similar jug in the right hand, the thumb passing through the handle while the fingers grasp the neck. These figures are separated by a hedge, with a tree and a stile through which a dog is passing, while another dog is leaping over it; in the lower row, a stag is being chased by eleven other dogs in two lines (six of them in couples), followed by a mounted huntsman blowing a French horn. I am not sure that this is older than the representation of the plough, ladder, pitchfork, reaping-hook, &c.; nor whether these farming implements were (like the men, dogs and trees of the stag-hunt) all moulded (not modelled) and stuck on the body of the jug. But I feel sure that both of these variations were

produced previously to another type, in which a tree, apparently bearing grapes with vine leaves, is opposite the handle, and separates the upper half feather in his cap, who is holding a Toby jug of a leering male figure from another with a away from a female. The foliage is repeated at the handle, and similar leafage, fruit, and tendrils run round the neck. J. W. P.

It seems impossible that any one in the costume, or surrounded by the implements of a farmer, could represent that wonderful impersonation of Sterne, the kind-hearted, simple-minded, chivalrous soldier, Uncle Toby. His representation in all sorts of delineation or sculpture was once as popular as Paul Pry and Pickwick used to be lately; but he is always drawn in a soldier's uniform, and with a long Ramillies wig, and generally with one foot wrapped up for the gout. The "Toby" is most probably the Toby Philpot of the old song, "Dear Tom, this brown jug which now flows with mild ale," &c. Among several curious points connected with the manufactories of pottery, not the least seems the fact of their sudden migration or disappearance even in the time of prosperity, and the scanty traditions left behind. Where were the spots on which those of Bow, Mortlake, and Chelsea stood? As to the latter, it is a curious fact that Nollekens the sculptor (Cunningham's Lives, iii. 159) says the concern failed because they could get no more clay from China; and yet the transfer of the business to the Derby firm could only have taken place a few years before, and he says himself his father worked there.

Poets' Corner.

A. A.

SNAKES (4th S. i. 57.)-I am reluctant to believe the assertion that no snakes live in the lordship of Bletchingdon, Oxfordshire, though I have never actually seen one during the thirteen years I have had the supervision of two farms there as a land-agent. I have seen snakes in the parish of Kirtlington immediately north of Bletchingdon, and in that of Islip exactly south of it;

and it is scarcely likely that these reptiles are such good geographers as to know parochial limits. Moreover, the soil in the parish or lordship of Bletchingdon varies greatly, as I know from the fact that I surveyed the whole of it for rating purposes ten years ago, upon which occasion I personally entered on foot every separate inclosure. West and north-west of the village the soil consists of oolitic or cornbrash land of rich

quality, and of the alluvine of the Thorwell valley; north and north-east there is a wet variety of oolite, partly woodland; and due south of the village the land is a stiff tenacious clay, very difficult to drain or cultivate successfully. Surely all these soils are not equally insalubrious to snakes and vipers. The fact is, that reptiles are far less common in the Midland Counties than they were forty years ago; they disappear as cultivation is extended. But, while I am on the subject, I would embalm a "snake discovery" in the pages of "N. & Q." On May Day, 1862, I had a professional appointment with a gentleman of much experience, as a naturalist, as well as a man of business on the permanent staff of the Great Western Railway. We met at Oxford, and walked along the line of the West Midland Railway to the village of Yarnton. In taking this walk we found no less than six snakes dead, severed by the wheels of a passing train. They had evidently crawled on to the "metals" of the line (but for what purpose who can say ?), and there inadvertently committed suicide. The spot whereon we discovered these self-immolated reptiles was on a gravelly soil near the eastern edge of the Isis valley. WILLIAM WING.

Steeple Aston, Oxford.

Ode on the Death of Lord Byron," by the Rev.
C. C. Colton, author of Lacon, &c.
EDWARD RIGGALL.

Bayswater.

The line desired (4th S. i. 77.) 66 Though lost to sight, to memory dear," is causing much search on this side of the Atlantic also. May I suggest that your readers give any example of its use in any book, so that we may know in what limits of time to expect its first appearance?

I find a somewhat similar phrase in a stanza by W. Rider, in the London Magazine for 1755, p. 589. death: It is on Hendrick's son hearing of his father's

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ANONYMOUS (3rd S. xii. 225.) The Modest Apology, &c. was probably written by Mr. Joseph Boyce:

"A vast number of Scotch Presbyterians having lately quitted their native country, and settled in his diocese, Dr. King's endeavours to persuade them to conform, engaged him in a fresh controversy with Mr. Joseph Boyce, one of their ministers; in which, as usual, Dr. King had the last word."- Ryan's Biographia Hibernica, 1821, vol. ii. p. 353.

Chalmers says that the bishop's Discourse concerning the Inventions of Men in the Worship of God (Dublin, 1694), having engaged him in a controversy with the dissenters

"Mr. Joseph Boyce. published Remarks, &c.

TALLIS'S SONG OF FORTY PARTS (3rd S. xii. 529.)-Your valued correspondent "from a sick-Upon this the bishop returned an answer, under the title

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room (I hope by this time convalescent), says: "I have heard that this extraordinary composition is extant in MS., but have forgotten where.” Many years ago-nearly a quarter of a centurythe following Prospectus was issued; but the publication was not proceeded with, as a sufficient number of subscribers could not be procured :"TALLIS'S FORTY-PART SONG OR MOTET, A.D. 1570. It is proposed to print this celebrated Composition in Score for Forty Voices (eight choirs of five voices each), provided One Hundred Subscribers can be obtained. The publication will be superintended by Thomas Oliphant, Esq., Honorary Secretary to the Madrigal Society, from whose almost unique copy the work will be printed. London: C. Lonsdale (late Birchall and Co.), 26, Old Bond Street, by whom Subscribers' names will be re

ceived. The Subscription (One Pound) to be paid when the number is completed."

THE

EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. "NE'ER SINCE QUOTATIONS WANTED: DEEP-TONED THEBAN" (4th S. i. 30.)-The stanza commencing "Ne'er since the deep-toned Theban sung" is the concluding one in an "Irregular

of An Admonition to the Dissenting Inhabitants of the Mr. J. B., entitled Remarks, &c., 1695, 4to.; to which Diocese of Derry, concerning a book lately published by Mr. Boyce replying, the bishop rejoined in A Second Admonition to the Dissenting Inhabitants, &c., published the same year at Dublin in 4to; and thus the controversy ended."-Biog. Dict., art. “King."

As the tract possessed by MR. SHIRLEY is dated 1701, the concluding statement of Chalmers must be erroneous; though it is strange that six years should have elapsed between the bishop's rejoinder and the publication of the Modest Apology.

Strangeways.

WILLIAM E. A. AXON.

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I wonder whether this note is made in a copy of the same impression of the same work as that which your correspondent MR. GIBSON possesses, enriched with the autograph of Lord Nelson. If so, it is a curious fact, adding considerably to the value of MR. GIBSON's treasure.

J. WILKINS, B.C.L.

LITERARY PSEUDONYMS (3rd S. xii. 305.) Horace Walpole, it appears, published The Castle of Otranto as Onuphrio Muralto. Clearly he meant to convey the idea of a wall and a pole, but I do not think this the correct etymology of his

name.

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ST. GEORGE'S CHURCH, LIVERPOOL (3rd S. xii. 376.) - Some account of the ministers of St. George's church may be found in Dr. Thom's paper published in vol. iv. of the Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, 1851-52. It is entitled

Peterborough. I would conjecture that it is another form of Welshpool; being derived from one of the many pools, wells, or springs, that were visited by the ancient Cymru, to whom their Saxon conquerors gave the name of Walliser or Wälsch. Welshpool, in Montgomeryshire, is called Trallwng or Trellyn Lake City; but we have also Camberwell, i. e. the well of the Cymru, called Cambrians, in the Latin form; Britwell, Prittlewell, versions of Britwn and Prydain; and I think we must claim Bridewell, it being the substitution of a canonical saint's name for the obsolete Brit.

Pascal's famous Letters to a Provincial were published under the name of Louis de Montalte. It appears that Pascal was born at Clermont, in Auvergne, and I assume that Montalte is an anagrammatic translation of it. I have found this objected to, but there is some confirmation for it by analogy.

Near Mold, in Flintshire, is an eminence called Bailey Hill-evidently from the keep, or inner ward of an old castle. Its ancient name was Wydd-grug, or Ambygrwydd (root wd, ambwg), "the conspicuous," this, to my mind, is evidently the same thing as Clair-mont; and, to follow the analogy, we find that when settled by the Normans it became called Mons-altus, hence Montalto, the name of a family of owners: this is clearly the source of Pascal's pseudonym. A. H.

GENERAL HAWLEY (4th S. i. 75.)-I believe General Hawley belonged to an old Wiltshire family. But information might be obtained from his relative, Major Hawley, of the 14th Regiment. CHARLES ROGERS, LL.D.

2, Heath Terrace, Lewisham. PLAYS AT ENGLISH GRAMMAR SCHOOLS (3rd S. xi. 378.)-For the last seven years the boys at the King's School, Peterborough, have acted a play before breaking up at Christmas. I believe I can supply R. I. with a set of programmes, and with copies of the verses which have been distributed with them, if he will send me his address. W. D. SWEETING.

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"Liverpool Churches and Chapels, &c. With Notices of Clergymen, Ministers, and others. By the Rev. D. Thom, D.D." J. HARRIS GIBSON.

Liverpool.

THE CONQUEST OF ALHAMA (3rd S. xii. 391.)— I cannot answer S. H.'s main point of inquiry as to the text which Lord Byron followed in his translation of the ballad referred to. But, on turning to Perez de Hita's Guerras Civiles de Granada, I find there mention made of the siege, and three ballads relating to it.

1. The one alluded to by S. H., which Byron translated in his first eleven stanzas, beginning— "Paseabase el rey Moro,"

differing however, in some slight particulars, from the Spanish text given in Byron.

2. Nearly similar to the former one, which Hita prefaces by saying: "despues se cantó en lengua Castellana de la misma manera, que decia," etc.

3. This ballad, in Hita, begins

"Moro Alcaide, Moro Alcaide,”–

and is quite distinct from the other two, being addressed to the Alcaide (or governor) of Alhama. According to Hita, this Alcaide had leave to go to Antequera to attend the marriage of his sister; and though he returned eight days sooner than his leave extended, in the mean time the Christians had taken Alhama, whereby he lost his children, wife, honour, and fame. However, the excuse did not avail him. He was taken to Granada, where his head was cut off.

Now Byron's version, from stanza 15 to the end, seems substantially taken from this third ballad; but differs greatly in the narration, both in omissions and insertions. But what seems to me most unaccountable, is, that he confuses together the ballad addressed to the Alfaqui (the Mussulman doctor) at Granada, with that ad

dressed to the Alcaide (or governor) of Alhama: substituting (stanza 15) Alfaqui for Alcaide. Hence, what is addressed to and by the Alfaqui does not relate to him, and thereby, as it seems to me, makes an inconsistency-contrary to the view of it by S. H.

If my view of it is correct, it makes S. H.'s inquiry as to Byron's text still more requisite for the right understanding of his version.

I will just mention that I do not see, as S. H. does, that the titles Alfaqui and Alcaide are used as proper names, but names of office.

The refrain "Ay de mi Alhama!" is omitted in my copy of Hita. C. J. DUKE OF ROXBURGHE (3rd S. xii. 284, 422; 4th S. i. 60.)-I am quite aware of the supposed derivation of "Floors Castle" from the terraces there, but took no notice of it, being convinced that it belonged to that fanciful class of etymologies which were so much in vogue in Scotland about the close of the last century, and of which so many examples are to be found in the Caledonia, and in both the Statistical Accounts of Scotland. Terraces, whether natural or artificial, are to be found in Scotland to an extent that has not been generally noticed. In many cases they remind one of the terraced vineyards of the Rhine; but the question is, were these ever known as floors? I know no passage in our old Scotch writers which countenances any such idea, and until W. E. produces a quotation from them to support it, I shall continue to doubt its truth.

Of the French word fleur, as occurring in a Scotch name, we have an undoubted example at Champfleury in Linlithgowshire. I believe, moreover, that this French or rather Norman nomenclature prevails in the Lowlands of Scotland to an extent that, in consequence of the words having been corrupted and altered during the course of time, has not hitherto been suspected. I am happy, however, to state that a work by Mr. Ogilvie, a native of Normandy, will shortly be published under the title of The Conquerors of England, which will throw much light upon this subject.

I may mention the instance of one family-viz. the Maxwells of Galloway-whose Norman origin he clearly proves to be a fact, which I believe has never been previously established.

RUSTICUS.

THUD (4th S. i. 34, 115.)—I am afraid MR. GASPEY has mistaken my reasons for feeling a liking for this small word, which, unlike the monster of Frankenstein, is not made up from portions of different bodies.

1. As a Scotchman, I have an affection for the language of my native land, in which I often find words more suited to express my meaning than are recorded in any imperial lexicon whereever published.

2. Thud belongs to a class of words, the root of

which it is unnecessary to seek in any particular dialect, for the reason that they are neither more nor less than attempts to convey or express in written characters the description of, and to a certain extent reproduce, the actual natural sound which they indicate.

MR. GASPEY will of course recollect the hacknied quotation from Homer, which has been so much admired as consonant with the sound of the sea breaking on the shore.

Now thud has most expressively this character to any ear which has heard the sound it represents. Perhaps I may be able to bring this home to MR. GASPEY by quoting the prayer of the Minister of Durrisdeer for more favourable weather in a wet harvest-"Send us not a ranting, tanting, tearing win', but a thuddering, duddering, drying

ane.

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Scotland, viz. sough, which, when properly proWe have another word descriptive of wind in nounced, equally explains its origin.

Without the smallest intention of being personal, I may also point out that the first part of

MR. GASPEY's own name is another illustration of this, Gasp being evidently derived from the sound emitted by persons struggling for breath. GEORGE VERE IRVING.

BUMMER (4th S. i. 75.)—I find the following in Hittel's Resources of California:

"Bummer. An idle, worthess fellow who does no work, and has no visible means of support. It is probably derived from the vulgar German words 'Bummeln and 'Bummeler,' which are about equivalent to 'loafer' and 'loaf.' It's origin has been attributed to Boehmen, the German name of Bohemia, a nation celebrated for the number of its sharpers and adventurers."

SCRUTATOR.

It is probably derived from the Dutch bommen, to sound as an empty barrel, to make a noise like that of the bittern. Chaucer says —

"And as a bitour bumbleth in the mire.

In Welsh the bittern is called bump y-gors, from JOHN PIGGOT, JUN. bump, a hollow sound.

Californian and Nevadan miners, of whom I have inquired the exact meaning of bummer, with a view to discovering its derivation, connect it with the same word as is used for a cockchafer in the Southern and Border States. I have myself heard a lady on a Virginian plantation speak of "bummers booming around." The word in its insect meaning is evidently formed from sound.

CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE.

LOT, LOTS (4th S. i. 54.)—Living in the North of England, I can certify that this use of the word is no novelty there. A great lot of people; lots of new houses; lots of money; lots of fun, &c. &c., are vulgarisms which have been quite familiar to my ear certainly for fifty years.

P. P.

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

Chronica Monasterii de Melsa, a Fundatione usque ad annum 1396. Auctore Thoma de Burton, Abbate. Accedit Continuatio ad Annum 1406, a Monacho quodam ipsius Domus. Edited by Edward A. Bond, Keeper of the MSS. British Museum. Vol. 11. Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Edited by James A. Dimock, M.A. Vol. V.

Chronica Monasterii S. Albani. Gesta Abbatum Monasterii Sancti Albani a Thoma Walsingham, regnante Ricardo Secundo, ejusdem Ecclesia Precentore, compilata. Edited by Henry Thomas Riley, M.A. Vol. I. A.D. 793-1290.

The same, Vol. II. A.D. 1290-1840.

The importaut series of Chronicles and Memorials of Great Britain and Ireland during the Middle Ages which the present Master of the Rolls suggested to the Treasury for publication when Sir George Lewis was Chancellor of the Exchequer who saw at once the value and importance of the suggestion, and readily directed that it should be carried out-now forms a body of historical materials of which the nation may well be proud. Since we last called attention to them, four more volumes have been issued, and all maintain the high character for editorial care, accuracy, and scholarship which their predecessors have acquired. The titles of these several works sufficiently point out the periods of our history which they specially illustrate; and we may content ourselves with stating, with regard to Mr. Bond's second volume of the Chronicle of Meaux, that it continues Burton's Chronicle from 1235 to 1339, and so far differs from the preceding, that what relates to public affairs bears a higher proportion in extent and interest to the purely monastic record. The two volumes edited by Mr. Riley are devoted to the Gesta of the Abbots of St. Albans-a compilation, to all appearance, of the last ten years of the fourteenth century. The Cottonian MS. from which it was printed was evidently written under the supervision of Thomas Walsingham in the scriptorium of St. Albans, and naturally divides itself into three sections, the first proceeding, to a great extent, from the pen of Matthew Paris; the second compiled by an anonymous hand, probably from a Chronicle of William Rishanger; the third being compiled by Walsingham. Of the fifth volume of the works of Giraldus Cambrensis, the editing of which has been entrusted to Mr. Dimock, we can only spare room to say that it contains his Topographia Hibernica, and his Expugnatio Hibernica, well introduced, and with a very useful Glossary.

English Reprints. John Milton's Areopagitica (24 Nov. 1644.) Preceded by Illustrative Documents. Carefully edited by Edward Arber. (A. Murray & Son.) English Reprints: Master Hugh Latimer, Ex-Bishop of Worcester, Sermon on the Ploughers, 18 January, 1549. Carefully edited by William Arber. (A. Murray & Son.) Who can say that good literature is not now published at a price which all can pay? These two remarkable little books, which Mr. Arber is justified in saying are carefully "edited are published at sixpence each. They are to be followed by others equally interesting and at the same moderate price.

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Lake Victoria; a Narrative of Explorations in search of the Source of the Nile. Compiled from the Memoirs of Captains Speke and Grant. By George G. Swayne, M.A. (Blackwood.)

Now that the heart of England is gladdened by the apparently well-grounded hope of Livingstone's safety,

renewed attention will be given to the vast subject of African discovery; and the present little volume will be acceptable to many who may have neither the means nor the time to devote to the larger work from which it has been derived.

DR. RIMBAULT is preparing for the press a second edition of his History of the Organ. He is also at work on a Glossary of Musical Terms, for which he has been making collections for many years.

MR. E. PEACOCK, F.S.A., of Bottesford, near Brigg, is preparing for publication a Glossary of Words peculiar to Lincolnshire.

A Caricature History of the Georges, or Annals of the House of Hanover, compiled from the Legends, Broadsides, Window-Pictures, Lampoons, and Pictorial Caricatures of the times, is about to appear from the pen of W. Thomas Wright, M.A., F.S.A. The book will contain nearly 400 spirited illustrations from the caricatures of Gillray, Sayers, Rowlandson, and other masters of pictorial satire. It will be published at a very moderate price by Mr. Hotten, who designs the book as a companion volume to his History of Signboards.

BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
WANTED TO PURCHASE.

Particulars of Price, &c., of the following Books, to be sent direct to the gentlemen by whom they are required, whose names and addresses are given for that purpose:PEARSALL ON THE POSITION OF ENGLISH BARONETS.

Wanted by Mr. E. Clulow & Son, 35, Victoria Street, Derby.
REV. THOMAS FORRESTER'S LITANY; or, a Saytre relating to Publi
Affairs, 1638-39.
Wanted by Col. Ellis, Starcross, near Exeter.
FIELDING'S WORKS. 10 Vols. 8vo, 1821.
BEWICK'S BIRDS AND QUADRUPEDS.
HOARE'S MODERN WILTSHIRE. 6 Vols. folio.
ANCIENT WILTSHIRE. 2 Vols. folio.
SPENSER'S FAERIE QUEENE. 1596.
CORYAT'S CRUDITIES. 1611.

HOLME'S ACADEMY OF ARMORY. Folio, 1688.
BAKER'S HISTORY OF NORTHAMPTONSHIRE. 2 Vols.
SHAW'S HISTORY OF STAFFORDSHIRE. 2 Vols. folio.

Wanted by Mr. Thomas Beet, Bookseller. 15, Conduit Street,
Bond Street, London, W.

Notices to Correspondents.

UNIVERSAL CATALOGUE OF BOOKS ON ART. All Additions and Corrections should be addressed to the Editor, South Kensington Museum, London, W.

T. H. M. The letters "R. P." on Cromwell's crown-piece stand for "Rei Publica."

LONGEVITY. We trust that Correspondents who believe that they know cases of centenarianism which they consider capable of being authenticated will, in future, follow the excellent example set by Mr. Hughes in the case of Sally Clark (antè, p. 71), and accompany their statements with the evidence which establishes the fact.

G. S. E. The origin and meaning of the story of the Barmecide's Feast in the Arabian Nights will be found in "N. & Q." 1st 8. xi. 367, 453.

O. W. "Fine by degrees, and beautifully less," occurs in Prior's "Henry and Emma."

D. J. K. will find six articles on "Conturbabantur Constantinopolitani in "N. & Q." 1st S. vols. ix. xi. xii.

To

ERRATA-4th S. i. p. 57. col. i. line 8, for "Archombratus" read "Archombrotus; p. 79, col. ii. line 8 from bottom and last line, for "4to volume" read "four-volume;" p. 80, col. i. line 31, for night" read "To Night;" line 5 from bottom, for "stained" read "starred;" col. ii. lino 12 from bottom, for "This"read" Hist" p. 123, col. ii. line 2. for "Harlington" read "ffarlington;" p. 125, col. 1. line 15. for" 273" read" 373."

A Reading Case for holding the weekly Nos. of "N. & Q." is now

ready, and may be had of all Booksellers and Newsmen, price ls. 6d. *** Cases for binding the volumes of "N. & Q." may be had of the

or, free by post, direct from the publisher, for 18. 8d.

Publisher, and of all Booksellers and Newsmen.

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