have fet up, fo that to all who kneel before it, and fupplicate Thy Majefty, may be bestowed compunction of heart, and pardon of offences may be granted, and through the interceffion of that most victorious Paffion of Thine Only-begotten Son, they may both afk what is pleafing unto Thee, and may be enabled more quickly to obtain what they afk. Through the Same." Let the Cross fo confecrated be blessed in these words:-"The Benediction and Sanctification of Almighty God the Father, and alfo of the Incarnate Word, and Holy Ghost the Comforter, abide continually upon this likeness of the Cross of Chrift, that this Cross may be to all adorers a wholesome Medicine, for ever and ever. Amen." II. THE FORM OF CONSECRATION OF ALTAR LINEN In the Pontifical of Anianus, Bishop of Bangor, A. D. 1268, is as follows, varied fomewhat from the form in Ecgbert's Pontifical 43 (ante 270):-"O Lord God, Who from the beginning createdst things neceffary and useful for man, and also teachedst Mofes Thy Servant for forty days to make Pontifical Vestments for Thy Priests and Levites, and Ornaments and Linen with those which Miriam wove and made for the use of the miniftry of the Tabernacle of the Covenant, vouchfafe to fanctify, blefs, and confecrate this Linen for the ufe of Thy Altar, to cover it, and upon it to accomplish ('conficiendum') the Body and Blood of Thy Son, our Lord Jefus Chrift, Who with Thee" &c. Another for Linen and other things which may be needful for the Sacred Miniftry :"Hearken, O Lord, to our prayers, and this Linen and other coverings, and also these Veffels of Thy holy Altar and of Thy Church, and all things prepared for the use of the Sacred Miniftry do Thou vouchfafe to blefs and fanctify. Through" &c. III. BENEDICTION OF CHURCH BELLS. The following is the form of the Benediction of a Church Bell in the Pontifical of Anianus. It is fo fimilar to that in Ecgbert's Pontifical (a. D. 738), (Surtees Society Edit. 117,) and to that in Bishop Clifford's C. C. C. C. (circa 1400), that it is not neceffary to note the variations between them. Next let "First let Litanies be faid. Then let the Bishop fay, ‘O God, make speed' &c. the Bishop make Exorcifm of Water, faying, 'I exorcife thee' &c., ending, 'So that, through the grace of the Holy Ghoft, this Bell may abide confecrated perpetually to incite the hearts of the faithful to the praife of God, and that the Holy Ghost may abide in this Bell, through Him Who fhall come to judge the world with fire' &c. Then fhall be fprinkle the Bell with Bleft Water, faying, Afperges,' Thou fhalt fprinkle' &c. Orifon: Blefs, O Lord, this Bell with Thy Heavenly Benediction, and may the Virtue of the Holy Ghost rest upon it, so that when this Veffel fhall be rung to invite the Sons of the Church, wherever its found shall be heard the power of enemies, the fhadows of phantafms, the incurfion of whirlwinds, the stroke of lightnings, the mifchief of thunders, the calamity of tempefts, and all the blast of storms may depart far away; and that when the children of Christ hear its clang an increase of devotion may grow in them, fo that haftening to the bofom of their kind Mother, they may fing to Thee in the Church of the Saints; and also that, bringing praise in the found of the trumpets, melody in pfalmody, exultation in the organ, fweetness in the timbrel, joyfulness in the cymbal, they may thus in Thy holy Temple be enabled to invite the fervices and prayers of the hofts of Angels, O Saviour of the world, Who with the Father' &c. After this fhall be fung feven Pfalms, that is, 'Praise the Lord, O my foul,' to the end of the Pfalter, with this · Antiphon: In the City of the Lord clearly found continually the Organs of the Saints; there evermore most sweet is the Odour of Cinnamon and Balsam which belongeth to God; there Angels and Archangels chant the new Hymn before the throne of God. Alleluya, Alleluya.' And when it shall have been fung, let them wipe the Bell with a linen cloth. Orifon: God, Who by the bleffed lawgiver Mofes commandedft filver trumpets to be made, by which, when founded at the facrifice of the Levites, the people, admonished by the sweetness of the ' &c. found, might be prepared to worship Thee, and encouraged by their clang to war, might overthrow the great power of their adverfaries: grant that this Veffel prepared for Thy Church may be fanctified by the Holy Ghoft, and that by its stroke the faithful may be invited to their reward. And when its melody shall have founded in the ears of the people, may devotion of faith increase in them, may all the fnares of the enemy be driven far away, may the crashing of hail, the ftorm of whirlwinds, the rufh of tempefts, be moderated; may perilous thunders and the blaft of winds become healthfully modified and fufpended; may the right hand of Thy might overthrow the powers of the air, and, hearing this Bell, may all impure fpirits tremble and fly as if before the Enfign of Thy facred Crofs. Grant us, we befeech Thee, this favour, O Lord God, to Whom every knee boweth, of things in Heaven, and in Earth, and in Hell, and to Whom every tongue confeffeth; for Thou, O Lord God Jefus Chrift, having abolished death by the suffering of the Crofs, doft reign in the Glory of God the Father, with the Holy Ghoft, throughout all and ages ages "Orifon: Almighty, everlasting God, Who by the clang of trumpets madeft the walls of ftone wherewith the hofts of the enemy were encompaffed to fall down before the Ark of the Covenant, vouchfafe to pour upon this Bell Thy celeftial Benediction, that at its found the fiery darts of the enemy, the ftrokes of lightning, the force of hailftones, the injuries of tempefts may be driven far away; and to the queftion of the Prophet, "Wherefore is it, O fea, that thou fleddeft?" the waters with the floods of Jordan driven back by its movements may reply, "The earth is moved before the face of the Lord, before the face of the God of Jacob, Who turned the rock into a lake of water and the flint ftone into fountains of waters." "Not unto us, O Lord, therefore, but to Thy Name give Glory," so that when this Veffel here prefent (like the other Veffels of Thy Altar) is touched with facred Chrism and anointed with holy Oil, whofoever fhall affemble at its found may be free from all the temptations of the enemy, and may ever follow the teaching of the Catholic Faith, O Saviour of the world, at the nod of Whofe Majefty all things within the circuit of Heaven are difpofed, Who with the Father' &c. "Then let him anoint it with Chrism, feven times without, four times within, with this Antiphon following: The Voice of the Lord is upon the waters, the God of Majesty hath thundered, the Lord is upon many waters.'-Pfalm xxix. 'The Voice of the Lord is mighty to the end.' Then follows the Orifon: Almighty, everlafting God, Chrift, Ruler, against Whom, according to the taking on Thee flefh, fleeping in the fhip, a tempeft arose and troubled the feas, but yet forthwith at Thy command, although fo furious, was appeafed ; do Thou, we beseech Thee, mercifully fuccour the neceffitics of Thy people; fanctifying this Incenfe, do Thou pour upon this Bell the Dew of Thy Holy Spirit, fo that before the found thereof the enemy may ever fly, the Chriftian people be invited to faith, the hoftile armies may be terrified; through It may the chofen people be comforted in the Lord, and as if delighted by the harp of David may the Holy Ghoft defcend upon them. And like as when Samuel was flaying a lamb, a burnt Sacrifice to Thee, O King eternal; at Thy command the refoundings of the air repelled the multitude of the enemy, fo whilft the found of this Veffel paffeth through the clouds may the bands of Angels defend the congregation of Thy Church, and Thine everlasting protection preferve the bodies and fouls of believers, Through Thee, O Saviour of the world, Who' &c. "Then put into the Cenfer Fire with Incense and Myrrh, and raise the Bell over the Incenfe, fo that it may collect all the Smoke, and let this Antiphon be fung: O God, Thy way is holy; who is fo great a God as our God? Thou art God, Who alone doeft wonderful things.' Pfalm: "The waters faw Thee' &c., to the end of the Pfalm. "Then raising his hand let the Bishop bless the Church Bell, faying humbly: May the Bleffing of God the Father unbegotten, of the Son only-begotten, and of the Holy Ghoft from Both proceeding, ever abide upon this Bell to call the faithful to Divine Worship throughout all ages ages. Amen.'" of APPENDIX III. OF THE COMMEMORATION OF THE PASSION AND RESURRECTION. HE Commemoration of the Paffion of our Lord under the ancient English Liturgy began formally on Palm Sunday (ante, p. 190). On that Day (and on the following Tuesday, Wednesday, and Good Friday), at the Mafs, after the Gradale and Tract (which laft confifted of five verfes (fee Migne, 48), and was fung alternately by two portions of the Choir, that part of the Choir standing which was finging, the other part fitting) before the proper Gofpels were rehearfed the accounts of the Paffion of our Lord divided into four Lections, one from each Evangelift: on Palm Sunday that from S. Matthew, that from S. Mark on the following Tuesday, that from S. Luke on Wednesday, and that from S. John on Good Friday. The fame took place at Rouen (A.D. 1070), according to John of Avranches (Migne, CXLVII. 48), and the other Rituals. John of Avranches notes that at Rouen all the Paffions were preceded by "The Lord be with you." R. "And with thy fpirit," ," "The Paffion of our Lord Jefus Chrift according to Matthew &c." "Mark &c. ;" except that on Good Friday; and that before none of them was faid: "Glory be to Thee, O Lord." According to his Rite they were read by a Deacon in an ordinary voice, the words of our Lord only being chanted. According to the Ritual of Hereford, on Palm Sunday only the Paffion was prefaced with "The Lord be with you" "the Paffion &c., according to Matthew." At Sarum and York, however, this was faid on the three first days, but not on Good Friday. "Glory be to Thee O Lord" was always omitted. According to the Ritual of Sarum (and the fame mode might be adopted on Good Friday at York if ordered), (Jee Surtees' Edit. of the Miffale, p. 102,) each Paffion was rehearsed by three different perfons, who recited the fame in the particular manner directed by the following Rubric in the Sarum Miffale: "Here followeth the Paffion; and it is to be noted that it ought to be chanted or pronounced by three different voices, a high voice, a low voice, and a medium voice; for all things contained in the Paffion are either the words of the Jews or of the Disciples, or are the words of Chrift or the narrative of the Evangelift. Let it be known, therefore, that where you find the letter A" (fcil. Alta) "thofe are the words of the Jews or Difciples, which are to be uttered with a high voice. But where you find the letter B" (fcil. Baffa)," thofe are the words of Christ, which are to be pronounced in a low voice. But where you find M" (fcil. Media), "these are the words of the Evangelift, which are to be read or chanted in a medium voice; and this is to be observed in all the Paffions." This mode of recitation, however, need not be univerfally adopted; it is not noticed by John of Avranches or in the Hereford Breviary, and at York it was not obligatory. On each occafion, on arriving at the words, "He gave up the Ghoft" let the Deacon bow xxii or proftrate himself towards the Eaft, repeating in a whisper ("privatim "): "Hail Mary" &c., On the Wednesday, according to S. Ofmund and the Hereford, Siena, the later Sarum On this Wednesday evening preceding Good Friday the Bells fhould be founded and Lights lit as on Sunday, because of the Solemnity of the Supper, up to and including the Mafs on Maundy Thurfday. After this they should be filent up to in the Vigil of Eafter only, and after that filent again until Compline in that Vigil. The Antiphons on the Pfalms fhould be in the fecond rank. "Gloria in Excelfis" Collect advancing forward as ufual to the Choir ftep, but without a filk Cope, in his ufual Choir habit, without Cerofers, a Boy holding the Book up before him, with a fingle Candle, The Prieft fhould read the Vefper and there are no Rulers of the Choir. The Little Chapter: "All we like fheep had gone aftray" &c. Refponfory: "Men of lies came about me" &c., by one Clerk of the fecond rank only. Hymn: "Vexilla Regis Regard, O Lord, we befeech Thee, this Thy family for which our Lord Jefus Chrift was ""The Royal Banner forward goes" &c. content to be betrayed into the hands of wicked men The Collect: Hours up to Eafter, except at Vefpers on Maundy Thursday and on the Vigil of Eafter. "&c. This Collect was faid at all the There fhould be no Petitions, nor proftration, nor Memorials; the Altar fhould not be incenfed. No fervice of S. Mary until the Monday after the Octave of Eafter, and nothing done but the bare fervice of the Day. If the Annunciation or other Double Feast fall on this Wednesday, the Vefpers of the Feaft fhould be celebrated and a folemn Memorial be made of the Wednesday; but if on the Thursday, or from thence up to the Octave of Eafter, fuch Feaft should be entirely deferred till the first convenient day after that; when it fhould be celebrated. At Compline Petitions fhould be faid as ufual, but without proftration and without "Miferere," nor fhould the Pfalm "Ad te levavi" be faid; nor again till the Monday after the First Sunday after Trinity. ON MAUNDY THURSDAY, before Mattins began, twenty-four Candles fhould be placed before the Altar, according to the number of the Twelve Prophets and Twelve Apostles, and lit before the Office begins. Of these, one fhould be extinguished at the beginning of each Antiphon to the Pfalms and each Refponfory to the Leffons. For there are just fo many Candles as there are Antiphons and Refponfories; and this fignifies the cruelty of the Jews against the Prophets and Apostles, their forrow, and the forrow of the feventy Difciples. The fame should be obferved at Mattins on Good Friday and Saturday. This was a Rite univerfally obferved according to all the English and other Ufes, including John of Avranches and Lanfranc. At these Mattins and other Hours until Eafter Day "O Lord, open Thou" &c., and "O God, make speed " &c., as well as the Invitatory, were totally difcontinued. In thefe three days, at the beginning of each Antiphon on the Pfalms, the Clerk who begins it fhould genuflect (except on Maundy Thursday, in honour of the Supper). All the Antiphons at Mattins and Lauds fhould be begun by the higheft Dignitaries in order; according to the ancient ufe of Exeter, by the Dean, and by the Officiating Prieft of the fame rank, in the two following days. Single Boys ("the Officiator," Exeter) fhould fay the Verfes after the Pfalms from their places in Choir, and the Refponfes fhould be faid privately. "Gloria Patri" fhould be entirely omitted up to the Vigil of Eafter, except only after the Seven Penitential Pfalms on Maundy Thursday, and after the Introit on that day if the Bifhop celebrate. Neumes and Mufic fhould be wholly difcontinued. The Refponfes to the Verfes fhould be faid privately. The "Paternofter" without "And lead us not &c. The Clerks who read the Leffons in thefe three nights fhould receive no Benediction. The three firft Leffons fhould be from the Lamentations of Jeremiah, which fhould be fung respectively each one by a fingle Boy, each ending with the clause "Jerufalem, Jerusalem, be ye converted unto the Lord your God." The three next Leffons, being expofitions of the Pfalms, without formal introductions or endings; the three last in like manner from an Epiftle of S. Paul. The Ninth Responsory fhould be repeated instead of "Te Deum." In this and the two next Mattins the Verficles before Lauds fhould be omitted, and the Antiphon on the Pfalms be begun forthwith in the Second Grade, that on "Benedictus" in the first. The last Pfalm at Lauds being finished, the remaining candle fhould be hid where it cannot be feen, or put out. At the end of the Pfalms all the Lights throughout the Church be extinguifhed and "Benedictus" be faid, and the remainder of the Service be performed in darkness. 99 66 "Benedictus" finished with its Antiphon, let two Clerks of the fecond form, without change of habit, ftanding before the Altar, but turned to the Choir, fay thrice "Kyrie Eleyfon" "Lord, have mercy;" then two Deacons of the fame form, without change of habit, ftanding at the Eaft entrance to the Choir, facing the Altar, reply, "Domine, miferere" " Lord, have mercy." Let the Choir follow with, "Chrift the Lord was made obedient, even unto death." Let the Clerks before the Altar with one voice fay, "Chrifte Eleyson' Christ, have mercy." After this, let two Seniors, ftanding before the ftep of the Choir, without change of Vestment, turned to the Altar fay "Who cameft to fuffer for our fakes." Again the Clerks before the Altar "Chrifte Eleyson." Then let the Seniors fay "Who with outftretched Hands upon the Cross haft drawn all worlds unto Thee." The Clerks before the Altar "Chrifte Eleyfon." The Seniors "Who didst in prophecy foretell I will be thy death, O Death." Then let the Deacons before the entrance of the Choir, fay "Lord, have mercy." The Choir "Christ the Lord was made obedient even unto death." Then the Clerks before the Altar fay thrice lastly "Kyrie Eleyfon." Then the Deacons, ftanding at the entrance of the Choir, fay "Lord, have mercy." The Choir "Chrift the Lord was for us &c. This finished, let one Boy with a diftinct voice before the Altar, but turned to the people, fay "Even the Death of the Crofs." Then let all proftrate themselves, and each fay to himself "Our Father" &c. Then two and two let them fay privately the Pfalm "Miferere," without "Gloria" &c., but with the Orison "Regard, we beseech Thee" also privately, without "The Lord be with you" or "Let us pray" but with the ending "Who with Thee" &c., without "Benedicamus" and let all rife from proftration, kissing the forms. A Senior Smiting thrice with his hand upon the Book, let the light previously hidden now be brought out, or be rekindled with flint and feel. On this Maundy Thursday, however, on account of the Solemnity of the Supper, the Clergy did not proftrate themselves in Choir, except after Mattins. (The Exeter, Wells, Hereford, John of Avranches (p. 48), are nearly identically the fame.) At Prime and all the other Hours "O God, make hafte to help" &c. fhould not be faid, nor any Hymn, but after "Pater Nofter" the Antiphon on the Pfalms be begun by one of the higher Grade, "Chrift the Lord was for us made obedient unto death, even the Death of the Crofs." The Pfalms are chanted, but without "Gloria." "Kyrie Eleyfon" and "Miferere are not faid, because of the Solemnity of the Supper. For this fame reafon the Memorial for the Penitents is difcontinued, and the Collect faid with note, with "The Lord be with you' pray" and "Benedicamus"; and fo at the other Hours. Vefpers, too, are fung feftally on this day, all the bells founding, but without Rulers, without "O God, make speed" or "Gloria Patri." All the Hours, including None, are faid before the Mass. "Let us According to John of Avranches (49), if the Office was not Episcopal, and there was no Reception of Penitents or Confecration of Oil and Chrifm, the Clergy and all the people proftrate on the earth, with tears and groans, should lament their fins, and receive Abfolution from the Senior Priest instead. And it is to be noted that the Benediction of New Fire in his time took place at Rouen not only on the Vigil of Eafter, as detailed above (p. 201), but juft in the fame mode and hour on all the three days before Easter. None being concluded, in the next place the Reconciliation of the Penitents takes place, as before detailed (ante, pp. 95, 103, 199, and see De Molcon, 299, 334). The Mafs which followed is to be celebrated much after the Sunday mode, on account of the Solemnity of the |