Göttingen, where he became intimate with Bismarck, with whom he maintained friendly relations during his whole life. He wrote two novels, Morton's Hope (1839), and Merry Mount not long after, though it was not published until 1849. He had become convinced that history, not novel-writing, was his vocation; and as early as 1846 had begun to collect materials for a history of Holland. He went to Europe to gather further materials; and it was ten years before his first history, The Rise of the Dutch Republic, was ready for the press. In 1861, shortly after the publication of the first two volumes of his History of the United Netherlands, he was appointed United States Minister to Austria, a position which he held until 1867. In 1869 he was appointed United States Minister to England, but was recalled in the following year. Besides the two novels already mentioned, and many contributions to periodicals, mostly of a historical character, Mr. Motley's works are The Rise of the Dutch Republic (1856); History of the United Netherlands (Vols. I., II., 1860; Vols. III., IV., 1867), and Life and Death of John of Barneveld, Advocate of Holland (1874). John Lothrop Motley, a Memoir, by Oliver Wendell Holmes, was published in 1878; and a selection from his Correspondence, edited by George William Curtis, in 1889.

LONG LIVE THE BEGGARS.

Brederode invited the confederates to a magnificent repast which he had ordered to be prepared in the Culemburg mansion. Three hundred guests sat down, upon the 8th of April, 1566, to this luxurious banquet, which was destined to become historical. The board glittered with silver and gold, the wine circulated with more than its usual rapidity among the band of noble bacchanals.

There was an earnest discussion as to an appropriate name to be given to the confederacy. Should they call themselves the "Society of Concord," the "Restorers of Lost Liberty," or by what other title should the league be baptized?

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Brederode was, however, already prepared to settle the question. He knew the value of a popular and original name; he possessed the instinct by which adroit partisans in every age have been accustomed to convert the reproachful epithets of their opponents into watchwords of honor, and he had already made his preparations for a startling theatrical effect. Suddenly, amid the din of voices, he arose, with all his theatrical powers at command. He recounted to the company the observations which the Seigneur de Berlaymont was reported to have made to the Regent, Duchess of Parma, up the presentation of the Request," and the name which he had thought fit to apply to them collectively. Most of the gentlemen then heard the memorable sarcasm for the first time. Great was the indignation of all that the State Counsellor should have dared to stigmatize as beggars a band of gentlemen with the best blood of the land in their veins. Brederode, on the contrary, smoothing their anger, assured them that nothing could be more fortunate. "They call us beggars," said he; "let us accept the name. We will contend with the Inquisition, but remain loyal to the King, even till compelled to wear the beggar's sack."

He then beckoned to one of the pages, who brought him a leathern wallet such as was worn at that day by professional mendicants, together with a large wooden bowl, which also formed part of their regular appurtenances. Brederode immediately hung the wallet around his neck, filled the bowl with wine, lifted it with both hands, and drained it at a draught. "Long live the Beggars!" he cried, as he wiped his beard, and set the bowl down. "Vivent les Gueulx!" Then, for the first time, from

"What, Madame, is it possible that your Highness can entertain fears of these miserable beggars (gueulx)? By the living God, if my advice were taken, their Request should have a cudgel for a com. mentary, and we make them go down the steps of the palace a great deal faster than they mounted them."

the lips of those reckless nobles, rose the famous cry which was so often to ring over land and sea, amid blazing cities, on blood-stained decks, through the smoke and carnage of many a stricken field.

The speech of Brederode was hailed with deafening shouts of applause. The count then threw the wallet around the neck of his nearest neighbor, and handed him the wooden bowl. Each guest, in turn, donned the mendicant's knapsack. Pushing aside his golden goblet, each filled the beggar's bowl to the brim, and drained it to the beggar's health. Roars of laughter, and shouts of "Vivent les Gueulx!" shook the walls of the stately mansion, as they were doomed never to shake again. The "shibboleth" was invented. The conjuration which they had been anxiously seeking was found. Their enemies had provided them with a spell which was to prove, in after days, potent enough to start a spirit from palace or hovel, forest or wave, as the deeds of the “Wild Beggars," the "Wood Beggars," and the "Beggars of the Sea," taught Philip at last to understand the nation which he had driven to madness.- Rise of the Dutch Republic.

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ALVA'S BLOOD COUNCIL."

In a despatch of September 9, 1567, the Duke of Alva announced to Philip his determination to establish a new Council for the trial of crimes committed during the recent period of troubles. This wonderful tribunal was accordingly created with the least possible delay. It was called the "Council of Troubles," but it soon acquired the terrible name, by which it will be forever known in history, of the "Blood Council." It superseded all other institutions. Every court, from those of the municipal magistrates up to those of the supreme councils of the provinces, was forbidden to take cognizance in future of any cause growing out of the late troubles.

The constitution of this suddenly created court was of a twofold nature. It defined and it punished the crime of treason. The definitions, couched in eighteen articles, declared it to be treason to have delivered or signed any petition against the new Bishops, the Inquisition, or the