746 Review of New Publications. Christmas 1789, and received 160 fhips and veffels at one time. Ramfgate Harbour was first projected and begun in 1749; ftopped, by contracting the plan, 1755. It was begun again in 1761. In 1773 effectual meafures for cleaning the harbour were thought of, and Mr. Smeaton's report on it adopt ed. He vifited it again, 1782 and 87, and reprefents the prefent fta of Ramf gate Harbour to be as follows: "The operation of the fluices, as has been defcribed, has gradually cleared out a broad fpace, or channel, through the middle of the Outward Harbour, from the gates to the pier-heads; and the bottom lying upon a gentle flope, there is above fix feet more water in that material part now than in the year 1774; fo that veffels drawing from 10 to 11 feet water can go into the Bafon in wrap tides, and in spring tides thofe drawing from 14 to 15 feet. "Under the curve of the Eaft pier, the fluices have now cleared a channel capable of taking two fhips abreast, with clearance for paffage, where, at neap tides, there is from 15 to 16 feet water, and at fpring tides from about 20 feet, and often 22; so that not only vellels of 300 tons, the primary obj & of this barbour, may come into it in all tides, but at Spring tides larger fhips than are generally employed in the merchants' fervice. It is here, in reality, no material objection, that a veffel cannot come in from the Downs at low water; because the is not in diftrefs there, till the tide is rifen to that point of height when it begins to run Northward; and then, it has been fhewn, that there is always water to go into Ramsgate: and that, with every wind whereby the can be annoyed in the Downs, the will run right before it into Romfgate; and every wind that will be fair for fhips to proceed upon their voyages, from the Downs, will be alfo fair for their failing from Ramsgate. "If, therefore, it is really eligible to have an harbour for the reception of fhips in diftrefs, from the Dizons, it must be upon the flat hore of the Ile of Thanet; and no place has yet been pointed out fo proper as Ramfyate. "It probably will be thought by many who curforily view the place, and are not fully apprized of the requifites of an artificial barbour, to be a defect that this harbour is not entirely covered with water, all over its area, at low water; but the Bank is really of the greatest utility, as will appear when the pilots' reprefentation, p. 57, is fully confidered. However, notwithstanding that, for the reafons already mentioned, none of the fluices have been brought to play upon the Bark, yet it has in reality so much wafted, that the highest part of what now remains is lower by five feet than the middle of the harbour was in 1774; and indeed it is fo far wafted and [Auguft, wafting, that probably it will not be many years before expedients will be found neceffary to preferve it. There have already been complaints that it is grown fo low, that at neap tides the veffels (on account of its being overflowed) cannot get their ballaft therereadiness has lately been ordered by the truffrom ; and the expedient of filling barges in tees, for a remedy of that defect. fpring tide there is now 13 feet water over it, fo that a number of the fmaller veffels may occafionally lie upon it. At a "Befides the completion of the advanced pier, and works now in hand, there is obvioufly a number of article, of confiderable expence, that would greatly tend to improve, ftrengthen, and confirm the whole work, and which may very well be expected must be the cafe when the various councils, turns of fortune, and changes this work has undergone, are confidered: and, after all, an harbour, that must fubfift by the artificial power of fluices, must be fubject to a continual expence, and will require great care, to keep every thing in repair and in order; but if every thing is duly, properly, and attentively performed, I doubt not but to fee the time when it will be faid, notwithstanding its misfortunes, and the orloquy that has been occafionally caft upon it, to be a work worthy of the expence it has incurred. I will conclude with faying, that, according to my information, 130 fail of fhips and velfels were at one time in the Harbour, in January 1791, driven in by ftrefs of weather; amongst which were four Weft Indiamen richly laden, from 350 to 500 tons: and if we are to fuppofe that the whole, or the greatest part, of thefe 130 fhips and veffels would have been riding in the Dewas during this formy wea ther, we need not be at a lofs to judge what a number of additional dangers and difficulties must have been in the way of thofe which actually did ride there. I understand the number of veffels in the Downs at one time has rarely ever exceeded 300 fail; but in the bad weather in the beginning of the year 1790, and the prefent year, the Downs were in a great degree cleared, there being in reality few hips left riding in them." "A Lift of the Number of Ships and Veffels that have taken Shelter in Ramfgate Harbour in Stormy Weather. "In 1780 29 1781 56 1782 140 "Within the last seventeen months up. wards of fix bundred fail of ships and vessels have taken shelter in the Harbour, of which above three bundyed were bound to and from the port of London. "Evidence can be produced, that the Harbour has been, this Winter, the means of faving a great many fhips and vefiels, and property to the amount of between two and three hundred thousand pounds, with a great number of valuable lives, which otherwife would have been driven upon the flats and rocks, and, in all probability, lost.” There are prefixed a plan of Ramfgate Harbour and a map of the Downs. 121. Genuine Poetical Compofitions. By E. Bentley, of Norwich. readers will be induced to contribute to Thou mak'it each profpect gay. And fpreads thy fav'rite hue; "Thou lov't to range the fields at dawn, And joins the rural dance. Nor change thy fprightly mien; "Though abfent Sol his ray denies, At ev'ry wond'rous tale. "Thy prefence charms ftern Grief to rest, Like her thou fly'ft th' abandon'd mind, What graces round thee thine! With Tranfport, whofe high foul expands, And foars to realms divine." 122. The Evidence of the Refurrection of Jefus Clergy of the Church of England," prudence and caution are no parts of his character. He braves all that cenfure on the fcore of prudence, caution, or propriety; and wonders Mr. Berington, who, if we mistake not, is not only a Catholic prieft but a Catholic prelate, fcrupled to do the fame when defired to preach a fermon for the (we fuppofe diffenting) Sunday-fchool at Birmingham. M. B. is not fo precipitate, and pays more regard to prudential reafons than Dr. Priefley. This part of the introduction will be fufficient to thew the fpirit of the whole tranfaction, without entering into the objections of the dignified clergyman, or the preacher's detence. In the Addrefs to the Jews, Dr. Priestley represents the Unitarians as more numerous than, " from timi "dity, 748 " Review of New Publications. "dity, or fome other motive, which he "does not undertake to defend, they do “not make a public avowal of their "fentiments." He is "happy to find "his Letters to the Jews have not dif "pleafed them," when all the world knows his lowering of Christianity could by no means bring it down to the level of the orthodox Jews. To fuch unworthy artifices does this champion of truth defcend. But the truth is, Dr. P. has gone too far, and is reduced to his own good word. His frong holds are broken down, and he has no refource but a good face and big founding words. Can any man give him credit for his affertion, p. xx," you ought to "declare yourselves Chriftians, though "without ceafing to be Jews, or difcen"tinuing any of the observances of your "orn law, which Chrift came not to deftroy but to fulfil, Matt. v. 18?" as if thefe words applied to any other obfervances than the moral law; or for his other affertion in the fame page, that they may, if they pleafe, call "David another Mifah, or a perfon "anointed of God for a great purpose "refpecting your nation?" as if that was all that was intended by that folemn character. It is demonftrably a grofs mistake, that “all the perfecutions of "the Jews have arifen from trinitarian, "i. e. idolatrcus Chriftians." p. xxii. The fundamental difference between Chriftians and Jews is the denial of the Melliabhip to Jefus Chrift by the latter, who profefs to be ftill looking for another Methah, of a different character from a crucified Saviour; and, without entering into metaphyfical difcuffions of his nature, deny his prophetic claims, as the Doctor himself admits, p. 9. After affirming, p. 5, that in what manner "God was pleafed to impart to man"kind the first information concerning "a future life we are not now acquaint"ed, as we have no account of it in the "wintings of Mofes, or in any other "writings now extant; but we fee the "effect of it in the Jews, who to this "day are all firm believers in it, and, "with a few exceptions, appear always "to have believed in it," he adds, "that there should be a proper refur"rection of the dead, which is the faith "of Jews and Chritians (being, I must "now pictume, the clear doctrine of "both the Old and New Teftament), I "will venture to fav, muft ever have "appeared in the highest digice im"probable, and therefore incredible. [Auguft, "The original record of the communi"cation of this most important truth "having been loft, it pleased the Divine "Being to renew it by Jefus Chrift, the "founder of our religion, &c. &c."Though we have no fcruple to admit the improbability of the high priest's evafion of Chrift's refurrection, we do not think that Dr. P. obviates it in the beft manner; and he yields too much to vulgar prejudice when he objects to the more public appearance of our Saviour after his refurrection. His appearance to Paul was a fingular inftance, and for a fingular purpose, the conver. fion of the Gentiles, by the previous conviction of a most inveterate Jew.The reft of the fermon contains good arguments for the credibility of Chrift's returrection, and for the being of a God, from miracles; and concludes with a fuitable application, in which the Doctor afferts his well-known doctrine of the fleep of the foul after death to the refurrection. 123. Specimens of a new Verfion of Telemachus: to which is prefixed, A Defence of Poetry, addreed to James Pye, Eiq. Poet Laureat. By J. D'Ifraeli. The Second Edition, corrected. WE reviewed the first edition in our vol. LX. p. 437. Not one of the corrections then pointed out has been made in the fecond. The title is inverted; and the "Specimen of a new Tranfla-. "tion of Telemachus" takes place of the "Defence of Poetry;" but the or-. der is the fame as before in the book itfelf. Mr. D'1. perfifts in holding an opinion different from the criticks, in their journals; and we muft leave him now to the judgment of his readers at large. 124. Profpes and Obfervations on a Tour to England and Scotland, natural, œconomical, and literary. By Thomas Newte, Efq. THE writer of thefe Obfervations first prefented himself to the publick in 1788, anonymously, as if afraid to meet wishing to truit to merit without a name. the public eye in propria perfonâ, or We then offered our opinion as freely as we fhall do now to Mr. Newte, to whom the work was from the first alcribed. Some of our critictims he has attended to, and has retrenched much of the bombatt defcription of the falls of the Clyde, p. 57 of the fecond edition. * See vol. LVIII. p. 803. P. 62. Mr. N. has made matters worfe, by faying Blantyre cafile was formerly a monaftery. We meant to fay there were both caftle and monaftery: at Blantyre. Into his account of Glafgow University he has interwoven a Gilly flory of the facility of granting degrees for two Louijdores. P. 68. Mr. N. is determined never to quit the Scotifh prejudice and vulgar error about the YEW-tree at Cruckftone, adopted by Mr. Cardonell against Anderfon, both nuinifmatic writers of Scotland. P. 113. The ungrammatical phrafe, that I had for as, or because I had feen, ftill continue; and, p. 137, aller for alder; which, p. 414, he explains by arne; alfo, ferpentinizing, p. 248; its whole members, p. 272; general excitement, p. 284; rubbage, p. 321; built, or a-building, P. 324. As a vindication of himself from the mif-tranflation of Cuningham, pointed out by us, he contents himself with faying, p 270, "The juxta pofition of "two fentences in this quotation re"conciles an apparent inconfiftency "that has been noticed by fome who "call themselves criticks." Mr. N. only increases the difficulty; for it was not the inconfifiency of the author, but the incorreanefs of his tranflator, that we pointed out. The note in the first edition is made text in the prefent, with a cruft for the criticks. 64 66 Nothing but the hope of being in "fome degree beneficial to mankind "would have induced the author to "offer the views and obfervations con"tained in this volume to the publick. "Part of them were published two years ago, in a fmall octavo, intituled, A Tour in England and ScotLand, by an English Gentleman. As "that book was honoured with fome "hare of public approbation, he has "been encouraged to increase the "work very confiderably by the revi"on of many notes that he had fup"pelled, and the recollection of va66 rious facts and fcenes that he had "palled over unnoticed. He begs leave "to acknowledge his obligations to fe"veral learned and ingenious Scotch"men, who have done him the honour "of communicating to him much im"portant information." Advertisement. ADDITIONS. P. 32. Importation of Stafford hire ware clay, from Teignmouth. P. 50. Wathing and faming before marriage, in Scotland and Perha. P. 57. Stone byers fall. P. 75. Vrew from a hill above Loch Lomond. P. 88. On Leafes of farms. P. 90. Of Glafgow degrees. Plan of herring-fishery, p. 93-112, much improved and enlarged. P. 11. Particulars of Dunflaffenage. P.124-134. Of the management of eftates in Scotland. P. 143-147. Invernefs, and its environs. P. 148–150. Caulder cattle, and cultivation round it. P. 154. more of Forres. P. 152-54. Murray frith. P. 156. Piufcardin ab. bey. "I have been repeatedly told, "that the best fruit-trees in Scotland "are found in the gardens of the old "religious houfes; and that they are "all planted on circular caufeways of "flat ftones. This practice, which at "first fight appears to be rather a charm "than any part of rural economy, was "founded on a phyfical caufe. The bed "of ftone prevented the roots of the "trees from ftriking downwards, gave them an horizontal direction, and "brought them into a wider contact "than they would have otherwife felt "with the genial mould at the furface "of the earth, fertilized by the influ"ences of heaven. It is in a fimilar, "though inverfe ratio, that vines, and "other fruit-bearing fhrubs and trees, "are greatly improved by checking "their perpendicular growth, and lead"ing them, by efpaliers, along the “ground." P. 157. Of religious houfes in Scotland. P 158..Burgh of Moray. P. 159. Mr. N. juttly condemns the planting Scotch firs inttead of corn.. P. 160. more of Gordon caftle. P. 162. Of the Spey, and the furrounding country. P. 166. Old caftle of Findlater. P. 168-172. Fraserburgh and Caernbulig caftles. P. 174. more of Peterhead. Buchan county. P. 176. French language used in Scotland. P. 178. Haddo. P. 179-181. Cultivation and the finking fund. P. 182-194. Kildrummy caftic. Monymusk. Aberdeenfhire. P. 197. Aberdeen harbour, 199. and manners; 200-202. and univerfity. P. 217-221. Perth. P. 224-5. Creiff, &c. P. 227-247. Benvonioch mountain, Gleinalmon, and the Highlands, and Offian's poem and tomb. P. 256-8. The Ochilis. P. 259–262. Ardoch, and hills about it. P. 293300. Of navigable canals in general, and that of Languedoc in particular, compared with the Carron navigation. P. 291, "A filver coin of Robert Bruce, value half a mark, was given by a gentleman in Argylethire to Mr. G. "Dempster, 750 Review of New Publications. "done the philofopher." Nothing can be truer than this obfervation. It fhews the folly of the French theorists in attempting to equalize men after they have lived for centuries in a state of civilized fociety. Yet Mr. N, P. 431, compliments the National Affembly for what they have effected. He concludes, in p. 427-437, by propofing the gradual investigation of the Natural Hiftory of Scotland, by the parochial clergy, under the direction of a commit tee appointed by the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh, and an annual council of deputies, rather than by correfpondence of the clergy addrefied to an individual, who, "however diftin"guished by genius, rank, or fortune, "or even by a happy or rare union of "all these advantages, cannot poffibly "be confidered by a whole nation as a "fit centre of fuch general co-ope "ration." [Auguft, "Dempfter, and loft by him at Pool-" and the natural man would have out"Ewe, in Rofsfhire, with this infcrip"tion: Robertus Dei Gratia Rex Scotorum, Princeps Pilorum. This fact, "which is authenticated by Mr. Demp❝fter and Dr. Thorkelin, profeffor of "history and civil law in the Univerfity "of Copenhagen, is curious on two ac"counts. First, it fhews that the Pictish "origin of the people on the Eaftern "fide of the country, in thofe times, "was ftill remembered; and, fecondly, "it is an inftance, among many others, "of the Scotish imitating the English, "as the English imitated the French. "Edward II. of England, contemporary "with the Great Robert of Scotland, was "called the Prince of Wales, a coun“try fubdued by the English. Robert, "it feems, affumed the title of Prince "of the Picts, a people that had fallen "under the dominion of the Scots." We cannot help wishing this anecdote in the coinage of Scotland had been better authenticated; efpecially as in Mr. Cardonnell's accurate account of the Scotish money, we find not the moft diftant hint, nor does there appear room for this addition to the commonlyreceived legend. Perhaps it is a lucky circumftance that this unique is loft.P. 300-2. Camelon. P. 347-361. Edinburgh profeffors and degrees. P. 365. On the ftudy of phyfick there. P. 372-5. Of the Nonjurors, and the laws of Scotland. P. 381-392. Of lands, land-holders, and entails in Scot land. P. 393. Melrofe. P. 394. Populoufnefs of Scotch borders, and confanguinity of the Scots and Welsh, proved by the word Penn, the Celtic Benn, for a mountain. Hume's account of the battle of Flodden omitted, and all about the Danes and Northumbrians, and Profeffor Thorkelin, who, it is believed, will not fhew himfelf fo communicative to this country as the civilities he received in it feemed to demand. A geographical anatomy of Scotland fills up pp. 402-419. Civil fociety divided into four periods. A necdotes of two Indian chiefs. "In the country of the Illianois, a "chief, I think, of the Cafcafkias, "whole name I do not remember, con"ceived the fublime idea of uniting all "the Indian nations and tribes into one "grand alliance, offenfive and defen"live. If this had been realized, Dr. "Franklin's confederation of the Thir"teen States would have cut but a poor "figure on the American continent, Mr. N. has confiderably improved his work in this fecond edition; to which he had added 18 new plates, and a map of the contour of Scotland, and dedicated it to the King, "ambitious of "bringing under the review of the fa"ther of his people the unfortunate cir"cumstances which in the Northern part of the united kingdum difcourage agricultural improvement, fetter "commerce, and subject the labouring 66 poor to harsh and rapacious treatment "from their fuperiors." 66 125. General Regulations for Inspection_and Controul of all the Prisons; together with the Rules, Orders, and Bye-Laws for the Government of the Gaol and Penitentiary-boufe for the County of Gloucester, made, published, and declared at a General or Quarter Seffions of the Peace, bolden, by Adjournment, on the 15th of July, 1790, and confirmed by the fudges of Affize, at the Affixes beld for the Jame County, on the 6th Day of August, 1790. The Third Edition. THE fpirit of Howard furvives and actuates in this inftance, we truft, among many others, the management of thole unhappy members of fociety who, in fpire of every incitement to virtuous in duftry, prefer mifchievous idleness, and forfeit their lives to folitude or death, thofe miferable fubftitutes to involuntary labour. The prefent regulations extend to gaols, and prifons adjoining, and their wretched inhabitants, who are divided into different claffes of male and female felons, king's evidences, the condemned to die, male and female |