1336 Two Brabant weavers, fettle at York, which, fays Edward III. may prove of great benefit to us and our subjects. 1337 The first comet whose courfe is defcribed with an aftronomical exactness. 1340 Gun-powder and guns invented by Swartz, a monk of Cologn; 1346, Edward III. had four pieces of cannon, which contributed to gain him the battle of Creffy; 1346, bombs and mortars were invented. Oil-painting first made ufe of by John Vaneck. Heralds college inftituted in England. 1344 The first creation to titles by patents ufed by Edward III. 1346 The battle of Durham, in which David, king of Scots, is taken prifoner. 1349 The order of the garter inftituted in England by Edward III. altered in 1557, and confifts of 26 knights. 1352 The Turks firft entered Europe. 1354 The money in Scotland till now the fame as in England. 1356 The battle of Poitiers, in which king John of France, and his fon, are taken prisoners, by Edward the Black Prince. 1357 Coals firft brought to London. 1358 Arms of England and France first quartered by Edward III. 1362 The law pleadings in England changed from French to English, as a favour of Edward III. to his people John Wickliffe, an Englishman, begins about this time to oppofe the errors of the church of Rome with great acutenefs and fpirit. His followers are called Lollards. 1386 A company of linnen-weavers, from the Netherlands, established in London. Windfor caftle built by Edward III. 1388 The battle of Otterburn, between Hotfpur and the carl of Douglas. 1391 Cards invented in France for the king's amufement. 1399 Westminster abbey built and enlarged-Weftminster hall ditto. Order of the Bath inftituted at the coronation of Henry IV.; renewed in 17251 confifting of 38 knights 1410 Guildhall, London, built. 1411 The univerfity of St. Andrew's in Scotland founded. 1415 The battle of Agincourt gained over the French by Henry V. of England. 1428 The fiege of Orleans, the first blow to the English power in France. 1430 About this time Laurentius of Harleim invented the art of printing, which he prac tifed with feparate wooden types. Guttemburgh afterwards invented cut metal types: but the art was carried to perfection by Peter Schoeffer, who invented the mode of cafting the types in matrices. Frederick Corfellis began to print at Oxford, in 1468, with wooden types; but it was William Caxton who introduced into England the art of printing with fufile types, in 1474. 1446 The Vatican library founded at Rome. The fea breaks in at Dort, in Holland, and drowns 100,000 people. 1453 Conftantinople from 1453 Conftantinople taken by the Turks, which ends the caftern empire, 1123 years its dedication by Conftantine the Great, and 2206 years from the foundation of Rome. 1454 The university of Glasgow, in Scotland, founded. 1460 Engraving and etching in copper invented. 1 1477 The university of Aberdeen, in Scotland, founded. 1483 Richard III. king of England, and laft of the Plantagenets, is defeated and killed at the battle of Bofworth, by Henry (Tudor) VII. which puts an end to the civil wars between the houses of York and Lancaster, after a conteft of 30 years, and the lofs of 100,000 men. 1486 Henry cftablishes fifty yeomen of the guards, the firft ftanding army. 1489 Maps and fea-charts firft brought to England by Barth. Columbus. 1491 William Grocvn publicly teaches the Greek language at Oxford. The Moors, hitherto a formidable enemy to the native Spaniards, are entirely fubdued by Ferdinand, and becomes fubjects to that prince on certain conditions, which are ill obferved by the Spaniards, whofe clergy employ the powers of the Inquifition, with all its tortures; and in 1609, near one million of the Moors are driven from Spain to the oppofite coast of Africa, from whence they originally came. 1492 America firft difcovered by Columbus, a Genoefe, in the fervice of Spain. 1494 Algebra first know in Europe, 1497 The Portuguese firft failed to the East Indies by the Cape of Good Hope. South America difcovered by Americus Vefpufius, from whom it has its name. 1499 North America ditto, for Henry VII. by Cabot. 1500 Maximilian divides the empire of Germany into fix circles, and adds four more in 1512. 1505 Shillings first coined in England. 1509 Gardening introduced into England from the Netherlands, from whenee vegetables were imported hitherto. 1513 The battle of Flowden, in which James IV. of Scotland is killed, with the flower of his nobility. 1517 Martin Luther began the Reformation. Egypt is conquered by the Turks. 1518 Magellan, in the fervice of Spain, firft discovers the ftraits of that name in South America. 1520 Henry VIII. for his writings in favour of popery, receives the title of Defender of the Faith from his Holiness. 1529 The name of Proteftant takes its rife from the Reformed protefting against the church of Rome, at the diet of Spires in Germany. 1534 The Reformation takes place in England, under Henry VIII. 1537 Religious houfes diffolved by ditto." U 1539 The 1539 The first English edition of the Bible authorized; the prefent tranflation finished 1611. About this time cannon began to be used in ships. 1543 Silk ftockings first worn by the French king; first worn in England by queen Elizabeth, 1561; the fteel frame for weaving invented by the Rev. Mr. Lee, of St. John's College, Cambridge, 1:89. Pins firft ufed in England, before which time the ladies fued skewers.] 1544 Good lands let in England at one shilling per acre. 1545 The famous council of Trent begins, and continues 18 years. 1546 Firft law in England, eftablishing the intereft of money at ten per cent. 1549 Lords lieutenants of counties inftituted in England. 1550 Horfe guards inftituted in England. 1555 The Ruffian company established in England. 1558 Queen Elizabeth begins her reign. 1560 The Reformation in Scotland completed by John Knox. 1563 Knives firft made in England. 1569 Royal Exchange first built. 1572 The great maffacre of Proteftants at Paris. 1579 The Dutch fhake off the Spanish yoke, and the republic of Holland begins. English East India company incorporated-established 1600. Turky company incorporated 1580 Sir Francis Drake returns from his voyage round the world, being the first English circumnavigator. Parochial register first appointed in England. 1582 Pope Gregory introduces the New Style in Italy; the 5th of October being counted 15. 1583 Tobacco first brought from Virginia into England. 1587 Mary queen of Scots is beheaded by order of Elizabeth, after 18 years inprisonment. 1588 The Spanish Armada, deftroyed by Drake and other English admirals. Henry IV. paffes the edict of Nantes, tolerating the Proteftants. 1589 Coaches first introduced into England; hackney act 1693; increased to 1000, in 1770, 1590 Band of penfioners inftituted in England. 1591 Trinity College, Dublin, founded." 1597 Watches first brought into England from Germany. 1602 Decimal arithmetic invented at Bruges. 1603 Queen Elizabeth (the laft of the Tudors) dies, and nominates James VI. of Scotland (and first of the Stuarts) as her fucceffor; which unites both kingdoms under the name of Great Britain. 1605 The gunpowder-plot difcovered at Westminster; being a project of the Roman catho lics to blow up the king and both houfes of parliament. 1606 Oaths of allegiance first administered in England. 1608 Galilce, 1608 Galileo, of Florence, firft difcovers the fatellites about the planet Saturn, by the telefcope, then juft invented in Holland. 1610 Henry IV. is murdered at Paris, by Ravaillac, a priest. 1611 Baronets first created in England, by James I. 1614 Napier, of Marchefton, in Scotland, invents the logarithms. Sir Hugh Middleton brings the New River to London from Ware. 1616 The first permanent fettlement in Virginia. 1619 Dr. W. Harvey, an Englishman, difcovers the doctrine of the circulation of the blood. 1620 The broad filk manufactory from raw filk introduced into England. 1621 New England planted by the Puritans. 1625 King James dies, and is fucceeded by his fon, Charles I. The island of Barbadoes, the first English fettlement in the Weft Indies, is planted. 1632 The battle of Lutzen, in which Guftavus Adolphus, king of Sweden, and head of the Proteftants in Germany, is killed. 1635 Province of Maryland planted by lord Baltimore. Regular pofts cftablished from London to Scotland, Ireland, &c. 1640 King Charles difobliges his Scottish fubjects, on which their army, under general Lefley, enters England, and takes Newcastle, being encouraged by the malcontents in England. The maffacre in Ireland, when 40,000 English Proteftants were killed. 1642 King Charles impeaches five members, who had oppofed his arbitrary measures, which begins the civil war in England. 1643 Excife on beer, ale, &c. firft impofed by parliament. 1649 Charles I. beheaded at Whitehall, January, 30, aged 49. 1654 Cromwell affumes the protectorship. 1655 The English, under admiral Penn, take Jamaica from the Spaniards. 1658 Cromwell dies, and is fucceeded in the protectorship by his fon Richard. 1660 King Charles II. is reftored by Monk, commander of the army, after an exile of twelve years in France and Holland. Epifcopacy restored in England and Scotland. The people of Denmark, being oppreffed by the nobles, furrender their privileges to 1662 The Royal Society established at London, by Charles II. 1663 Carolina planted; 1728, divided into two separate governments. 1664 The New Netherlands, in North America, conquered from the Swedes and Dutch, by the English. 1665 The plague rages in London, and carries off 68,000 perfons. 1666 The great fire of London began Sept. 2, and continued three days, in which were deftroyed 13,000 houses, and 400 streets Tea firft ufed in England. 1667 The peace of Breda, which confirms to the English the New Netherlands, new known 1668 ditto, Aix-la-Chapelle. St. James's Park planted, and made a thoroughfare for public use, by Charles II. 1672 Lewis XIV. over-runs great part of Holland, when the Dutch open their fluices, African company established. 1678 The peace of Nimeguen. The habeas corpus act paffed. 1680 A great comet appeared, and from its nearness to our earth, alarmed the inhabitants. William Penn, a Quaker, receives a charter for planting Pennsylvania. 1683 India ftock fold from 360 to 500 per cent. 685 Charles II. dies, aged 55, and is fucceeded by his brother, James II. The duke of Monmouth, natural fon to Charles II. raises a rebellion, but is defeated The edicts of Nantes infamously revoked by Lewis XIV. and the Proteftants cruelly 1687 The palace of Verfailles, near Paris, finished by Lewis XIV. 1688 The Revolution in Great Britain begins, Nov. 5. King James abdicates, and retires King William and queen Mary, daughter and fon-in-law to James, are proclaimed, Viscount Dundee ftands out for James in Scotland, but is killed by general Mackey, 1689 The land-tax paffed in England. The toleration act passed in Ditto. Several bifhops are deprived for not taking the oath to king William. William Fuller, who pretended to prove the prince of Wales fpurious, was voted by 1690 The battle of the Boyne, gained by William against James in Ireland. 1691 The war in Ireland finished, by the furrender of Limerick to William. 1692 The English and Dutch fleets, commanded by admiral Ruffel, defeated the French fleet 1693 Bayonets at the end of loaded mufkets first used by the French against the Confede- rates in the battle of Turin. The duchy of Hanover made the ninth electorate. [Bank of England cftablished by king William. 1693 The |