PAGE additional Decreta-ROMAN Indexes, 1664 and 1665-PascalGALLICAN Arret of 1685, and Censures of Jesuitic Morality and Theology-Constitutiones et Decreta Apostolica, 1680-ROMAN Indexes, 1670 et seq.-Fenelon-SPANISH Index, Prohibitory and Expurgatory, 1707, and Suplemento, 1739-BELGIC Index of Hannot, 1714— ROMAN, 1716, 1717-BOHEMIAN, 1726 and 1729 CHAPTER V. AUSTRIAN-BELGIC Index, manuscript and unpublished, prepared for the Netherlands, 1735 et seq.-Bossuet and his Exposition-Roman Indexes, 1744 and 1750-SPANISH Index, Prohibitory and Expurgatory, 1747-ROMAN Indexes, 1758 and 1786-SWEDISH History of Prohibited Books, 1764-AUSTRIAN Indexes from 1763 to 1778Giornale Ecclesiastico from 1785 to 1798-SPANISH Indice Ultimo, 1790, and Suplemento, 1805-Subsequent censorial operations— Present force of the Bull in Coena Domini-ROMAN Indexes, 1806 and 1819-Parisian edition, 1826; of Brussels, 1828—GALLICAN Catalogue and Arrets, 1827-Separate Decrees-Works non-condemned by the authors and patrons of the Papal Indexes-Roman Liturgical books € 134 202 CHAPTER VI. REFLEXIONS and inferences from the foregoing details-Fallacy of the attempt to destroy propositions in the index, which are yet found in the text, of an author-Pliability of the Fathers in papal handsPrinciples of the Indexes still in force, and their tendency-The injury or destruction to reformed Christianity where these principles prevail and are acted upon-Confession-Inquisition-Persecution-Duty of non-papal governments to resist the claim to power of the professors of the above principles-Various sophistic reasonings in support of such claim-Creed and Oath of Pius IV.-its feudality-Fenelon-his sentiments of Indulgences and reading the Scriptures-Real Emancipation-Persecutions of Queen Mary, and Executions of Queen Elizabeth -Opinion of a R. C. secular priest, respecting the latter-Europæ Speculum APPENDIX 289 INDEX 351 363 AN ACCOUNT, &c. CHAPTER I. Definition of Prohibitory and Expurgatory Indexes-Francus and James on the subject-Defence of the practice by Gretser, with the qualification necessary to render it just-Sources of the Censures. AMONG the various principles and customs, more especially those of religion, which modern, and professedly Christian, Rome has adopted and perpetuated from the antient and idolatrous possessors of the great city and its empire, there is none in which the resemblance, or virtual identity, is more conspicuous, than in that policy, by which she has acquired, and by which she retains, her dominion over a great part of the civilized world, No instrument for these purposes, whether of fraud, of flattery, of terror, or of force, was ever refused or overlooked by her. Her code of government embraced all objects, and comprehended the most distant extremes, with all which occupied the intermediate space. The most selftormenting ascetic and the most voluptuous profligate were almost equal objects of her attention; and while to the tractable, submissive, and at B tached she presented every indulgence which was, or was believed to be, in her power, she had tortures and deaths of all horrors to gain, retain, or recover, those who either might be rebellious, or meditate rebellion. In short, to no power but modern Rome is equally applicable the encomium of the poet on the antient : Tu regere imperio populos, Romane, memento; Aen. vi. 852. Here is a gigantic, mysterious and long-established power, yet in existence; having indeed suffered much, and therefore the more intent upon retrieving her loss; having so far, most unexpectedly retrieved it, as, from a state of abject and imploring submission, to be put in a capacity, which she has not failed to improve, of re-erecting the two main pillars of her former domination; and, therefore, looking back, not with diminished hope, nor with inactive zeal for the future, to the bright vision of past ages, when, as the centre, or, according to her own arrogant assumption, the sun, of a mighty system, she exercised her sway over vast portions of human spirits; sending forth her energies to every and the most distant points of her dominion, and subduing to her will the entire substance and every particle of the compact, organized, and obedient mass. Such are the prospects which she cherishes, such are her aims, such her present acquisitions, and such the progressive course which she is encouraged by the late attainment of better power than that of argument to pursue; neither deficient in skill to improve her opportunities, nor negligent of any of the instruments which may forward her views. And among these, as far at least as concerns the retention of the empire, which she does, or may possess, there are few more suitable, and more effectually adapted to attain that object than the literary ones about to be examined in the present work. The books generally bearing the title of PROHIBITORY and EXPURGATORY INDEXES are catalogues of authors and works, either condemned in toto, or censured and corrected, chiefly by expunction; issuing from the church of modern Rome, and published by authority of her ruling members or societies, so empowered. It is of some importance to distinguish the titles above given, which signify things essentially different, but which are frequently confounded, both by papal and early writers, who ought to understand the subject best, and by modern ones very generally. The Prohibitory Index specifies and prohibits entire authors, or works, whether of known or unknown authors. This book has been frequently published, with successive enlargements, up to the present time, under the express sanction of the reigning Pontiff. It may, indeed, be considered as a kind of periodical publication of the papacy; and no attempt or wish is discoverable to prevent its most extensive publicity, at least in countries professing the papal faith. The other class of Indexes, the Expurgatory, whether united with the first or not, contains a particular examination of the works occurring in it, and specifies the passages condemned to be expunged or altered. Such a work, in proportion to the number of works embraced by it, must be, and in the instance of the Spanish Indexes of this kind, is, voluminous. In these, publicity was so little desired, that it was the chief thing guarded against. The earlier editions, in particular, were distributed with the utmost caution, as will incontrovertibly appear in the sequel; and were only intended for the possession and inspection of those, to whom they were necessary for the execution of their provisions. The reason is obvious. It certainly was little desirable, that the dishonest dealings of the authors of these censures should be known, either to those who were injured by them, and to whom they would afford the opportunity of justifying themselves; or to the world at |