The quaint verses with which these plays are interspersed remind one of the Welsh Scriptural ballads, and soon became famous through the length and breadth of England. They were not written until the return of Edward I.'s crusading expedition. Genealogy shows us how many of the outlawed nobles of John's reign were the sons of Saxon mothers, who made common cause with the descendants of the Saxon outlaws of the Conquest, still wandering in their native fastnesses of forest and fen. Fulk Fitz Warine does not seem to possess any special claim to the leadership of men like these. Two or three years ago I asked a question in these pages respecting the descendants of the Siward of Macbeth, and through the kindness of the gentlemen who then placed in my hands some valuable information drawn from unpublished records, I find there are many incidental circumstances throwing light upon the identity of Robin Hood which have hitherto been overlooked. Siward, the conqueror of Macbeth, and the avenger of the gentle Duncan, was also very near of kin to the young Scottish princes he restored to their rights, for he was their mother's brother. The debt of gratitude they owed to him was not forgotten. Siward died before his sovereign, Edward the Confessor. His firstborn fell at Dunsinane with all his wounds in front. His youngest, Waltheof, alone survived him. After the Conquest Waltheof was placed by Morcar and Edwin as a hostage in the hands of the Normans. When the men of his father's earldom rose he escaped from the Conqueror's court to join them. More Dane than Saxon, the son of Canute's old soldier claimed the rights of manhood at fifteen, according to Danish custom, and took his place among the leaders. "Who is this that fights like Odin ?" sang the scalds who accompanied their Danish allies and kinsmen. The lustre of his father's name, the beauty and daring of the beardless boy, made him the hope and pride of "the north countree." Like a true Dane, he submitted to the decision of the sword. The Conqueror thought to win to his side the young hero who had eaten at his board, for all recognized in him the born leader of the Anglo-Danish half of the nation. William gave him his niece Judith in marriage, and restored to him his father's earldoms of Huntingdon and Northumbria. The Norman wife betrayed him. He was imprisoned and privately beheaded for fear of a rescue from the Saxon populace. All England mourned his fate and canonized him. He is the saint of the fens to the present day. What, then, were the feelings with which he was regarded in the days of John, when his memory was still green? Dugdale tells us that the treacherous wife, scorned by the Normans, and detesting the second marriage William proposed to her, fled to the Saxon Camp of Refuge with her infant daughters, but they refused her shelter with bitter hatred. Waltheof's eldest daughter Maud was married by William to Simon St. Liz, the suitor her mother had rejected. He was the younger son of the French Lord of Chantilly, and one of the few French courtiers who joined the Conqueror's standard. He built the castle of Northampton, and became the Earl of Huntingdon in right of his wife. After his death in 1100 Maud married her cousin David of Scotland. The children of St. Liz were brought up at the Scottish court, the home of the Saxon refugee, until the Lowlands of Scotland became more truly Saxon than any part of England. Simon, the eldest son, succeeded his father as Earl of Northampton, and became Earl of Huntingdon after the death of his half-brother Prince Henry of Scotland, the husband of Ada Warine. The second son, Waltheof St. Liz, was the first abbot of Melrose Abbey, which was built for him by his Scottish stepfather. Maud St. Liz, their sister, was the mother of Robert Fitz Walter, the leader of the barons' army. The grandchildren of Waltheof were thus allied with conqueror and conquered alike, a union from which the true old English spirit arose. In every effort for the restoration of the liberties of the land we find one or other of their names. "Simon the Earl" is among the signatures to the charter of Henry I. granted in 1100. "Simon Saint Liz" appears among the baronial witnesses to the charter of liberties, renewed by Stephen in 1136; and Richard de Lucy is the sole witness to Henry II.'s confirmation of the charter of his grandfather, Henry I. This Richard de Lucy was the son of another Simon, who, in the pedigree of the St. Liz family in the Harl. MS. 1558, is given as the younger son of Maud, daughter of Waltheof; and in another pedigree as the grandson. The name is variously spelt Lis, Liz, Luce, Lucy, all bearing the same meaning," the lily." Senlis was the French, St. Liz the Norman. De Lucy seems to have been adopted by the younger branch, who appear to have been in favour with Henry II. E. STREDDER. The Grove, Royston, Cambridgeshire. (To be continued.) ORIGIN AND PROGRESS OF BARNARD'S INN. CHAPTER XII. Of many portraits, either of their own members or of aliens, the Society cannot boast. Pearce, however, in his' History of the Inns of Court,' asserts with great boldness that in the hall is "a fine portrait of Chief Justice Holt, a former principal of the Society." After making this bold assertion, the author should have produced evidence in justification of his statement. Proud as the Society might be to be able to record this eminent lawyer among their numbers, the authority of Mr. Pearce is not sufficient to justify their claiming this honour. To Sylvester Petit, who was the judge's clerk and principal of the Society, it is that we are indebted for the excellent portrait of Judge Holt which adorns the hall. In the hall is also an excellent portrait of Lord Keeper Coventry, and one, not possessing equal merit, of Lord Bacon. A portrait of King William III., presented by a former principal, is yet in our possession; also a quaint three-quarter portrait of Sir William Daniel. He was a judge of the Common Pleas, and was buried in the parish church of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, in the year 1610, with a monument, having a long Latin inscription in verse. Of principals we have the portrait of Sylvester Petit, who reigned in the year 1700 (of this picture there is an engraving); and of Robert Waddilove, who was principal in 1743; of Henry Barney Mayhew, 1798; and of John Wilson, 1809. Barnard's Inn has to boast of several members who have attained a high position in the law : Sir Robert Clarke, Baron of the Exchequer, 30 Elizabeth, 1588. He was of Lincoln's Inn. Sir William Cooke, Justice of the Common Pleas, Nov. 16, 1551. He was of Gray's Inn. Sir George Freville, Baron of the Exchequer, Jan. 31, 1559. He was of the Middle Temple. Sir John Godbold, Justice of the Common Pleas, 1647. He was of Gray's Inn. Sir Richard Harpur, Justice of the Common Pleas, 1666. He was of the Inner Temple. Sir Francis Harvie, Justice of the Common Pleas, 1624. He was of the Middle Temple. Sir Edmund Reeve, Justice of the Common Pleas, March 14, 1639. He was of Gray's Inn. Sir Robert Shute, Baron of the Exchequer. June 1, 1579, Justice of King's Bench, Feb. 8, 1585. He was of Gray's Inn. Sir Thomas Walmesley, Justice of the Common Pleas, May 10, 1589. He was of Lincoln's Inn. Hall, William, Serjeant. Prothonotaries Browsher, Crompton, Walter, Goldesbury, Gulstone. William Hayley, the poet and biographer of Cowper, had chambers in the Inn. Neither from our own books nor from the arms emblazoned in the hall can an uninterrupted list of those who have filled the office of principal be obtained; but with the aid of the records, to which I had access in the chapter house at Lincoln, I have made out a list for a period of 400 years, complete, with some very trifling defaults. Principals of the Society as collected from Ancient Thomas Chambre, the principal first appointed after 32 Henry VI., 1454. Richard Ellis, 37 Henry VI., 1459. John Haye. Reign of Edward IV, Thomas Stidolph. Reign of Elizabeth, 1560. Feb. 5, William Plumer. 1560. May 24, Edward Hopkynson. 1564. June 3, Thomas Wilcox. 1585. Jan. 31, Edmund Ashfield. 1593. May 16, George Coppledicke or Coppuldike. Reign of James I. 1619. June 7, Laurence Littler. 1621. Nov. 7, John Wickstead. Reign of Charles I. 1638. April 27, John Wickstead re-elected. 1639. Feb. 13, Robert Nelson. 1641. Feb. 11, Ambrose Broughton, displaced by Order of the Benchers of Gray's Inn on appeal by the Antients. 1641. Feb. 15, Robert Morse. 1644. Feb. 12, Robert Morse re-elected. 1647. May 21, Samuel Spalding. During the Commonwealth. 1650. May 24, Samuel Spalding re-elected. 1655. Feb. 8, Samuel Spalding re-elected. Reign of Charles II. 1661. Feb. 14, Samuel Spalding re-elected. 1673. Nov. 22, Edward Story re-elected. Reign of James II. Reign of Queen Ann. 1701. July 16, Sylvester Petit. 1704. July 11, William Betts. 1706. July 8, William Betts re-elected. 1710. May 19, William Manlove. 1734. Nov. 29, John Rowley. 1738. June 30, Mr. Batty acting as principal; but there is no record of his election or of any election until 1743. Jan, 24, Robert Waddilove. 1746. June 21, Robert Waddilove re-elected. 1749. June 19, Robert Waddilove re-elected. Reign of George III. 1762. Dec. 6, Henry Barnes. 1767. July 7, Edward Ainge. Had the origin and progress of the Society. 1770. Feb. 21, Anthony Pye; continued in office until added a zest to my labours; and if I have been 1788 without re-election. 1788. Feb. 18, Anthony Pye re-elected. 1791. Feb. 18, Anthony Pye re-elected. 1794. June 3, Anthony Pye re-elected. 1796. Feb. 10, Samuel Hillier. 1798. Dec. 15, Henry Barney Mayhew. 1800. Nov. 22, William Hornidge. 1803. Dec. 23, William Hornidge re-elected. 1807. Jan. 22, William Hornidge re-elected. 1809. Dec. 22, John Wilson. 1812. Dec. 23, John Pugh. 1819. Jan. 30, Samuel Vines re-elected. 1839. Jan. 28, William Hornidge. 1842. March 9, William Hornidge re-elected. 1845. March 20, Charles Pugh, 1848. April 14, William Woodgate. betrayed into prolixity, I can only plead in extenuation my regard for a society to which I have been united for a large portion of my life, and the affectionate regard I entertain for all its members. Barnard's Inn.-At a pention holden in the hall on Thursday, the 18th day of March, 1852, present James Leman, Esq. (principal), Mr. Forbes, Mr. Pugh, Mr. Hornidge, Mr. Woodgate,-resolved, that the thanks of this Society are eminently due, and are gratefully and cordially tendered by the principal and antients at this pention, to Charles Pugh, Esq., one of their body now present, for the interesting and highly finished MS. presented by him to this Society, containing a detail of circumstances connected with this inn, and the origin, formation, and government of this Society, and constituting a work which, from the labour and expense so liberally bestowed by him upon it, cannot but be cherished by the Society as a most valuable gift, and be preserved as an interesting record of the talent and liberality of one of their much esteemed members. (Signed) Chas. E. Hunt, Secretary. AN ANTIENT OF THE SOCIETY. · 1851. April 16, James Leman, the present principal. The succession of armorial bearings is by no means so complete as the list of principals. All that are esting papers to mention that in the Book of It may perhaps prove illustrative of these interyet remaining, however, either in the windows or Christmas (12mo.), by Thomas K. Hervey, pubon panel in the hall, I have collated, and had care-lished in 1835, and now a scarce volume, is a very fully drawn out and emblazoned. : Our own arms are those originally borne by the Mackworths of Mackworth, in the county of Derby Party per pale indented, ermine and sable, a chevron gules, frettée or. Crest, a wing argent. The coat of arms is thus illustrated by Blore. On Aug. 1, 1404, John Touchet, Lord Audley, in consideration of the services of John and Thomas Mackworth and their ancestors, granted them licence to bear these arms. The arms are a compound of those of Touchet and Audley, placing the Audley fret on the Touchet chevron, and varying the field from that of Touchet by giving party per pale, indented ermine and sable, instead of the plain field of ermine of the latter. Among these armorial bearings of principals are the arms of our much respected and esteemed Secretary, Charles Henry Hunt, Esq., who is also Clerk of the Initiations. The Society had great pleasure in recording this tribute of respect to the social qualities and amiable disposition of their much esteemed friend. I have now performed the task I undertook, and brought to a conclusion my attempt to trace the the Inns of Court, at p. 60, et seq. There is also a interesting account of the Christmas celebrations at full-length portrait of the Lord of Misrule, or Christmas Prince, of the days of Queen Elizabeth, in 1594. Underneath is inscribed, "The High and Mighty Prince, Henry Prince of Purpoole, Archduke of Stapulia and Bernardia, Duke of High and Nether Holborn, Marquis of St. Giles and Tottenham, Count Palatine of Bloomsbury and Clerkenwell, Great Lord of the Cantons of Islington, Kentish Town, Paddington, and Knightsbridge." The book is well and copiously illustrated with etchings on steel and wood by Robert Seymour, executed shortly before his death. JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge. 'A RETURNE FROM ARGIER,' 1627. This is rather a scarce little volume which I picked up the other day, and as it recounts a somewhat unusual occurrence I will make just a few notes from it. The full title is, "A Returne from Argier. A Sermon preached at Minhead, in the County of Somerset, the 16 of March, 1627, at the re-admission of a relapsed Christian into our Church, by Edward Kellet, Doctor of Divinity." Then comes the twenty-second verse of the third chapter of the prophet Jeremiah. The imprint is, "London, Printed by T. H. for I. P., and are to be sold by Richard Thrale, dwelling in Paul's Church-yard, at the signe of the Crosse-Keyes, 1628." Size small quarto, of course. The preface is all too short. I would that it were longer, and the sermons curtailed. It states how a Somersetshire man who sailed from Minehead, formerly a shipping port of no mean repute, was taken by Turkish pirates, who then infested the seas in great numbers; how he turned Turk, and being subsequently captured in a Turkish ship by an English man-of-war, was brought back to his native place, where he was readmitted into the church upon doing all due penance. To mark the event, on the third Sunday in Lent two sermons were thundered forth at his head, one preached by that illustrious divine Dr. Edward Kellett, some forty-five pages in length; and the other in the afternoon of the same day, some thirty pages in length, by the Rev. Henry Byam, who, Wood says, was "looked upon as the most acute and eminent preacher of his age." But perhaps it would be more satisfactory to give the preface at length-not the sermons: 66 have publikely confessed, your yeelding to their allurements, rather than to their violence." He subsequently dealt with the motives for his perversion, and discourses on the treatment inflicted by the Turks : "What perchance they could not effect upon you by knotted ropes, tip't with black and blew; by whippes inflicted on thy Belly, by yokes, by manicles, and pedicles discoloured with thy blood, by multiplyed blowes, fiercely of iron, by unwholesome vapoures, the cold dampes, and nastinesse of Dungeons in the night; by reproaches, hunger, thirst, nakedness, scorching heates, labour, and torture in the day (for this is the misusage of poore Mahumetans) the enticements of pleasure did worke captived-Christians by the barbarous tyranny of savage about on thee to their desires." The Rev. Henry Byam, in his sermon, also very politely abuses and denounces Mahomet, and calls him "The very puddle and sinke of sin and wickednesse. A thiefe, a murderer, and adulterer, and a wittall"; and turning to the repentant sailor, said: "When I thinke upon your Turkish attire, that embleme of apostacie, and witnesse of your Wofull fall; I doe remember Adam and his figge-leave breeches." But although a powerful preacher, we cannot follow him now through his sermon, for the Editor would of a surety say that the pages of 'N. & Q.' were not intended for extracts from sermons. Argier, I imagine, is intended for Algier. A Countryman of ours goinge from the Port of Mynhead, in Sommersetshire, bound for the streights, was taken by Turkish Pyrats, and made a slave at Argier, and living there in slaverie, by frailty and weakenesse, forsooke the Christian Religion, and turned Turke, and lived so some yeares; and in that time serving in a Turkish ship, which was taken by an English man of warre, was brought backe againe to Mynhead, where being made to understand the grievousnesse of his apostacy, was very penitent for the same, and desired to be reconciled to the Church, unto which he was admitted by the authority of the Lord Bishop of that Dioces, with advise of some great and learned Prelates of this Kingdome, and was enjoyned pennance for his apostacy: and at his admission, and performance thereof, these two sermons were preached, the third Sunday in Lent, anno 1627, one in the Forenoone, the other in the after-complete the list :— noone." The Rev. Dr. Kellett, curiously enough, took as his text Galatians v. 2, and in the course of his many remarks used very strong language against Mahomet, whom he said should be "branded for a juggler, a Mount-bank, a beastiall people pleaser," and he does not spare the repentant ex-Turkish pirate; he tells him of his faults, for which he " had no just excuse," and which apparently he had publicly confessed. "You went," he says, " in Turkish guise, your apparrell proclaimed you to be a Turke, at least in semblance, the exchanging of your ordinarie clothing for the Mahometan you cannot deny, you were seene and taken in it, taken (I heare say) willingly to come to our side, but taken in such an attire as did discriminate you from a Christian. You cannot say that daily they put on those clothes you E. E. B. FRENCH SHIPS ABOUT 1564.-The appellations employed for vessels in France about three hundred years since will possibly interest some of the contributors to N. & Q.' They are derived from a series of neat etchings published by Guillaume Gueroult of Paris. I regret to say that the set in my possession is not complete, but I have as yet failed to discover another copy of the series. Though the list is, therefore, necessarily imperfect, it still appears deserving of attention, and perhaps some of your numerous readers may be able to Clinquars et Carvellés, depuis 8 jusqu'a 18 Tonneaux, servants pour la Pesche dans la Manche. Flibot, petite Fluste de 80 ou 100 Tonneaux, servent pour la Pesche dans les Mers du Nord. Harang du Nord, la Buche est de mesmes construction Dogre, Servant pour la Pesche de la Morüe et du mais a un Mats de Mizaine sans Hunier. Terrenouviers François pour la Pesche de la Morüe fraiche sur le banc de Terreneuve et de la Morüe seiche au Chapeau Rouge. Traversier, petit batiment de Charge, et pour faire de petites Traversées. Bugalet de Brest, Servant pour aller le long des Costes et faire de petites traversees. Jacth Anglois pour les promenades, et traversées en France et Hollande. Houx, batimens de 300 Tonneaux qui servent en France, Angleterre, Flandre, et Hollande pour le Com. merce. Semaques, d'Hollande qui Naviguèrent le long des Canaux et Rivières, d'Hollande et de long des Costes. Fluste, batimens de Charge pour le Commerce, sert aussy d'Hopital a la Suite d'une Armée Navalle. Chatte, gros batimens depuis 200 jusqu'a 800 T qui aportent du Nord en France, des Mats, Planches, Goudrons, &c., une Corve est plus petite. Barques, et Gribanes depuis 30 jusqu'a 60 Tonneaux, pour le Commerce de Normandie et Bretagne. Quaiche, petit batimt depuis 30 jusqu'a 80 Tx. pour le Commerce le long des Costes de la Manche. Quaiche Angloise, Servant pour le Commerce. Brigantins des Isles de l'Amerique, Servant pour le Commerce quelque fois arméz en Course. Grand Brigantin Anglois, Servant pour le Commerce. Pacquebot, batimens de Transport pour l'echange des Prisonniers de Guerre, et pour porter des avis. Petites Naves-Galères Servant dans l'Armee Navalle a la suitte de l'Amiral d'Angleterre. Nave-Galère Angloise armée en Guerre, et Merchandise pour le Negoce en Levant. W. FRAZER, M.R.I.A. SALT OBTAINED FROM FIRE AND WATER.Tacitus ('Ann.,' xiii. 57), speaking of certain Germanic tribes, ssys :— "Illo in amne illisque silvis salem provenire, non ut alias apud gentes eluvie maris arescente unda sed super ardentem arborum struem fusa ex contrariis inter se printed for John Back, at the Black-Boy on London- God give him grace in it to looke, and when the bell for him doth toull J. ELIOT HODGKIN. "The Friday evening lecture at the Royal Institution was delivered by Mr. Edwin Freshfield, on some unpubthe mass of parish records of the metropolis, the lecturer lished records of the City of London. In dealing with opened a vast mine of historical interest hitherto almost untouched. The parishes within the City number 113 and the out-parishes 17, in all 130, the records of which extend in almost unbroken series from about A.D. 1250 to recent times. By means of well-selected extracts, the lecturer managed to rivet the attention of his audience, as the incidents narrated gave evidence of the social relations of the parishioners or illustrated passing historical events. The pains taken by the Church and by the parishes to relieve the poor, the keen interest taken in parish affairs by the highest as well as the general ture and application of moneys were looked after in the body of residents, and the care with which the expendiolden times, led Mr. Freshfield to conclude with a comparison of how such matters were now attended to, and the expression of the hope that something of the old "Galliæ Germaniæ que ardentibus lignis aquam salsam spirit and combination of classes might again return." infundunt." Varro ('De Re Rustica,' i. 7) :— "In Gallia Transalpina intus ad Rhenum, cum exer citum ducerem, aliquot regiones accessi......ubi salem nec fossicium nec maritimum haberent, sec ex quibusdam lignis combustis carbonibus salsis pro eo uterentur." F. I. of card-playing in England:"Item to the Quenes CARDS.-The following is a very early mention grace upon the Feest of Saint Stephen for hure disporte at cardes this Christmas: c. s." (i.e., 100 Is it known whether this primitive method of pro- shillings) Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of curing salt by rapid evaporation is in use any-York,' ed. N. H. Nicolas, 1830. The date is where now? Varro (loc. sup. cit.) seems to mean December, 1502; and the queen is Elizabeth, wife that the salt was extracted from the ashes, or that of Henry VII. Strutt's earliest date for a mention they themselves were salt; and does not mention of cards in England is 1495. H. DELEVINGNE. water. Ealing. "HOWEVER FAR A BIRD FLIES IT CARRIES ITS TAIL WITH IT.”—This was said in a spat between WALTER W. SKEAT. "DEFENCE, NOT DEFIANCE."-When the Volunteer movement first sprang into existence, in 1859, through fear of a threatened invasion by Napoleon III., the motto was adopted of "Defence, not defiance." It was thought at the time a happy hit, and, if I recollect aright, more than one claimed its paternity. The expression was, however, much older, having occurred in a story of great power, 'The Mountain Storm,' by the late Prof. Thomas Gillespie, of St. Andrews, which appeared in the 'Tales of the Borders.' He says: "Pussy finding it MS. NOTES OF POSSESSION IN BOOKS.-The dangerous under this sudden and somewhat unexfollowing inscription, in a contemporary hand-pected movement dare terga, instantly drew up her writing, occurs at the back of the title-page of a whole body into an attitude not only of defence, copy of the third part of the 'Famous History but defiance." A. G. REID, of the Seven Champions of Christendom,' London, TRISTIS. Auchterarder, |