... ... ... on their humble suit given them for their relief by the Lord Deputy, being To John Cornewell, sub-sheriff of Tyrone, at the time when the earl fled, given him out of Tyrone's goods, in regard of his great trouble and pains then taken for his Majesty's service, so much as we valued at To Bryan Neile [O'Neill], ensign to Sir Henry Oge O'Neale (see p. 96), in regard of money he received when his captain was killed, out of the fugitives' goods, the value of Also given for the relief of Arte Oge's sons and Oghie Oge O'Hanlon's children, being both sent to Sweden (see pp. 64, 65), out of the ... ... ... ... "Also there were delivered to divers captains part of the fugitives' goods, in consideration of their travail and charges sustained in going to many places of the country for the settling and establishing thereof, upon their own charges, immediately after the flight of Tyrone, viz., to In all given to the persons before named out of the fugitives' goods Making "And lastly, for ready money paid to Sir Thomas Ridgeway, vice-treasurer and treasurer at And so remaineth in this accountant's hands, and chargeable on him to £7,308 12 I 2,002 9 I The foregoing curious and valuable document would be incomplete without the following appendage, showing the necessity for Caulfield's appointment, as superintendent of the Tyrone estates, and also his remuneration, as such, received from the public funds; which, however, must have been but a mere nominal reward compared with advantages otherwise derived from that position :-" By the Deputy and council-Whereas upon the flight of the traitor Tyrone, the Deputy entering into consideration how fit it was to appoint some man of sufficiency to take the chief charge and superintendency of such lands, rents, and territories as belonged to the said traitor in the counties of Tyrone, Armagh, and Coleraine, made choice of Sir Toby Calfeild to take upon him that charge; who with good care and diligence, greatly to the furtherance of his Majesty's service, hath not only for this three years past collected the rents issuing out of the said lands and territories to his Majesty's use, but with great wisdom and sufficiency discharged the trust reposed in him; and furthermore, hath been within the said time at extraordinary charges, in building of bridges and highways, strengthening of the fort at Charlemont, and building a house within the same, for all which he has humbly craved allowance. He is accordingly granted an allowance of 100l. a year for each of the three years, making in harps (121) the whole sum of 400l. to be allowed him in the foot of his account. Dublin, 16th December, 1610.” The lands of O'Donnell, although very extensive, were of little value to the Government in consequence of the numerous and heavy mortgages which had been effected thereon from the time of their partial restoration to the family. The whole territory of Tyrconnell, excepting Church lands, was found to have fallen to the Crown by the inquisition at Liffer in the autumn of 1608, and during the two following years it had been let out in large fragments, principally to influential servitors whose receipts in the shape of rents must have been but of trifling consequence to the Government, whatever they may have been to themselves (122). Thus, the rents, issues, and (121). In harps. The harp was an Irish shilling though equal only to 9d. of sterling or English money. The following order of the deputy and council, dated Nov. 11, 1606, will explain the value of this coin :-"The late sovereign Queen Elizabeth, in the time of the late rebellion, established a standard of mixed moneys, which then stood, and was of necessity maintained in this kingdom, her Highness, notwithstanding allowing the exchange of the moneys in England, to her exceeding charge and great expense of treasure. And after the death of the said late Queen, the rebellion being appeased, and the greater part of the army being discharged, the King, understanding that the mixed moneys bred many griev ances and inconveniences to the subjects of this realm, was pleased, by a proclamation bearing date the 11th of October, 1603, to decry the said mixed moneys to their true value, and also to establish a new standard of this kingdom, that every piece whereof bearing the name of a shilling should go current, and be taken for 12d. sterling; and all other pieces of the said new silver standard should be taken rateably according to the quantity and proportion of the same. And inasmuch as the King by his letters of the 25th June and 30th of September, signified that the said word sterling did breed an error, being construed as if every harp shilling should be taken for sixteen pence of the money of this country, and so should carry as high a valuation as the sterling shilling of Englandwhile in truth his meaning was, and is, that every harp shilling should bear the name and value of 12d. Irish, according to the standard of this realm, which in true value is but 9d. English. They, therefore, in his Majesty's name, and by his express command, proclaim that from henceforth the said name of sterling shall not be applied to the harp shilling of the standard of nine ounces of fine silver, but shall in that respect be utterly abolished in this kingdom. And that every silver harp shilling shall be called 12d, Irish, and not 12d. sterling, and shall be current only for that value. And it is his Majesty's pleasure that his subjects of Ireland shall use the phrase current or lawful money of Ireland, whereby shall be understood money of the said standard of nine ounces of fine silver proper to this kingdom." (122). To themselves.-Between the dates of the landing of the English under Docwra at the Foyle in the spring of 1600 and the coming of the British undertakers in 1610, almost all the old Irish families of rank throughout Donegal had been swept away or reduced to poverty. The following curious document, preserved among the State Papers, records the names and places of residence of such of these families as dwelt westward of Lough profits of the lands comprised in the barony of Boylagh and Bannagh, from the autumn of 1608 until the time in which grants were passed of the lands to the undertakers, were taken up by Sir Henry Folliott, whose wife afterwards married Lord Robert Dillon. The Inquisition of 1608 found that Boylagh and Bannagh contained 96 quarters of land, or 12,000 acres. Sir Henry Folliott also received the rents and profits from the barony of Tirhugh, reported on the same authority to contain 27 quarters of land. The barony of Kilmacrenan was stated by that Inquisition to contain 240 quarters of land, or 30,000 acres, and to comprise the districts of Fawnett, Doe, Clanely, [ [ ], and the lordship or precinct of Kilmacrenan. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of Fawnett, containing 56 quarters, were received and taken up by Donell Gorme McSwyne, Esq., and Sir Richard Hansard. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of Doe, containing 60 quarters, were received and taken up by Sir Molmory McSwyne, Neal ballagh McSwyne, and Knogher McDonnell McSwyne. The rents and profits arising from the territory of Clanely, containing 30 quarters of land, were received and taken up in part by Hugh McHugh duffe O'Donnell, Manus Swilly:"From the entrie of the Lough [Swilly], until you come to a point of land a little short of Ench [Isle of Inch], there is neither castle nor fort, but then upon a joynt of lande is a castle and an abbey called Ramullan [Rathmullan]- MacSwyn O'Farre's [Fanaid's] chiefe country house. Fyve myles above Ramullan there is a castle of Hugh McHugh Duffe's [O'Donnell, called Ramalton [now Ramelton], standing upon the Lannan [river Lenan], which falleth in Lough Swilly— Hugh Duffe's own house. Three myles above Ramaltan, upon the Lough syde, in a baye, is the abbey of Kil O'Donnell, in Hugh McHugh Duffe's countrey - here dwells only fryers. Five myles above Kil O'Donnell there is a ford, passable at low water, wherein hath sometime bene a fort, called the Farcet [Fearsad] of Soloughmore. Three myles from this ford, towards Birt, standes an abbey called Ballaghan, over against Kil O'Donnell ; here dwell Fryers. Three myles from Ballaghan, towards Birt, is a poynt of lande which runs farr into the Loughe, where hath bene a strong fort, but nowe broken downe, and is called Dunboye; here dwells Shane MacManus Oge [O'Donnell]. Dunboyne and the point of lande whereon Birt standeth maketh a baye, in the bottome whereof stands an old fort, called Cul maç Tryen; this was wont to be held by [The] O'Donnell. From Cul mac Tryen runs a bogg three myles in length, to the side of Lough Foyle; in the midst of the bogg is a standing loughe with a fort on the side of the loughe called Bonneber [Bun-aber], where Alexander McSorlie was slain. At the end of this bogg to Lough Foyle syde is the fort of Cargan; here [at Bun-aber] dwells O'Donnell's mother [Inendubh MacDonnell, see pp. 130, 228]. Three myles above Cargan stands a fort called McGwyvelin [Mongevlin], uppon the river of Loughfoyle-O'Donnell's mother's chief house. Above McGwyvelin, four myles up the river of Loughfoyle is the Liffer; here dwelt [The] O'Donnell. Four myles above the Liffer stands Castle Fene [Finn]-Niall Garve's [O'Donnell's] house. myles above Castle Fene is a fryers's house called Drumboy. Three myles above Drumboy stands a fort called Η Ι Four Ballakit-here dwells Donnell Gallocar [O'Gallagher], one of O'Donnell's chief counsellors. Ten myles above Ballakit is Loughfene [Finn], upon the ryver Fene [Finn], where the ryver hath his first head. Four myles westward from Ballakit is Barnesmore. From Barnesmore to the castle of Beleek, that stands upon Lough Erne, is twelve myles. From Beleek to Ballashanan is three miles -here dwells McO'Dongonrye [Rorie, son of O'Donnell]. From Ballashanan to the Abbey of Asheroe, to the seawards, is one niyle; inhabited by monkes. From the Abbey of Asheroe to the Abbey and Castle of Dunagall, is nine myles. Here is a good haven, and the ryver Eske falls into it. Three myles above Donagall is Lough Eske, O'Donnell's chief keeping-O'Donnell's chief storehouse for the warr. Over against Donagall, two myles on the other syde of the water, stands O'Boyle, where the ships used to ride-O'Boyle's chief house. Seven myles from O'Boyle, to the seaward, is a castle called McSwyn O'Bane's [Bannagh's] Tower. From this place to the haven of Calboy [Killybegs] is three myles-here dwells Seneschal McGonell. Four myles from there stands the castle of Bromoyle, in the lower end of the countrey-here dwells Hugh boy McSwyne O'Bane's [McSwyne Bannagh's] brother. From thens four myles is a small haven called Cornetillen. This haven devydes McSwyne O'Bane's countrey and O'Boyle's. At the lower end of O'Boyle's countrey is a castle called Kilmirrish- here dwells the Bishop of O'Boyle. Next to that castle is the haven of Bonabbar. This haven parteth O'Boyle's country and McSwyne O'Doe's. And next to that is the haven Conogarhen, with a castle so called; this is McSwyne O'Doe's chief house. The next haven to this is Red haven, which parts McSwyne O'Doe's countrey and McSwyne O'Fane's [Fawnett's]. By the syde of this haven is the castle of Menryee, a castle of McSwyne O'Fanet's. Small boats may come from the Red haven to the castle-here dwells Alexander McDonologhe. The midland of Tirconnell is inhabited by the sept of O'Gallocars." See Ulster Journal of Archæology, vol. V., pp. 141-143. Oge McHugh Duffe O'Donnell, and Tirlagh McHugh duffe O'Donnell, his sons. The rents and profits arising from the lordship and precinct of Kilmacrenan, containing 24 quarters, were received and taken up by Nicholas Weston, alderman of Dublin. The rents and profits arising from the precinct of [ ], containing 30 quarters of land, were received and taken up by Sir Mulmorie McSwyne and Captain William Eley [Ellis]. The rents and profits arising from the barony of Enishowen, containing 120 quarters of land, were received and taken up by Sir Arthur Chichester. The barony of Rapho contained the two precincts of Lyffer and Portlawe, the former comprising 60 quarters, and the latter 73 quarters. The rents and profits arising from 56 quarters, parcel of the said 60 quarters within the precinct of Lyffer, were received and taken up by Sir John Kingsmill, by the appointment of Chichester. The rents and profits arising out of the other four quarters of the land of the Lyffer, were received and taken up by Sir Richard Hansard. The rents and profits arising from the 73 quarters of Portlaugh or Portlawe, were received and taken up for the space of one year after the taking of the inquisition of 1608, by Patrick O'Conley, a merchant in Dublin. The rents of the said 73 quarters were received and taken up for the second year after the taking of the inquisition, by Sir Richard Hansard. See Inquisitions of Ulster, Donegal, (3) Car. I. CHAPTER VII.-GRANTS AND GRANTEES. E now proceed to lay before the reader such abstracts from the grants to undertakers as clearly embody the several conditions on which they were made. These abstracts are taken from the printed Patent Rolls of the reign of James I., supplemented, however, in several instances, by extracts from the printed Ulster Inquisitions. The lands are granted in every case to undertakers, it will be observed, by the tenure known as free and common socage (see pp. 81, 238), although it has been hitherto stated by writers referring to the subject, that undertakers of the large proportions were obliged to hold by the feudal tenure of knight's service in capite. This mistake appears to have been copied from Carte by all succeeding authorities, and Carte originally overlooked, or was not aware of the fact that, although the tenure by knight's service was at first intended to be imposed on all undertakers of large proportions, it was exchanged afterwards, at Chichester's urgent solicitation, for that of free and common socage. Every undertaker's lands were erected, by the terms of his grant, into a manor, with certain manorial rights and privileges, including at first the power of establishing courts baron, and of enclosing a certain number of acres as a demesne, according to the size, in each case, of the proportion held by the undertaker. In this instance, the term demesne, from de mansio, properly denotes that part of the estate attached to the Mansion, where the proprietor remains or resides. Other privileges were soon afterwards added, the most useful of which was that of appointing fairs and markets in all places where these institutions were required. The several grants only recite the names of the leading divisions of land in each proportion or estate. Each of these divisions, however, included several smaller parcels, which more correctly represent the numbers of our present townlands, and which shall be named, when practicable, in the eighth chapter. I. PRECINCTS OR BARONIES SET APART FOR ENGLISH UNDERTAKERS ONLY. 1. Grant to Richard Rolleston (2), clerk. (1). Oneilan.-See p. 201, 202, 218. This barony, which is commensurate with the plantation precinct so called, includes the three Irish territories of Oneilan, Clanbrassill, and Clancann. On an old map of Ulster, of the reign of Elizabeth, Clanbrassill and Clancann are marked as touching the southern shore of Lough Neagh, the former on the east and the latter on the west side of the Bann; whilst Oneilan is placed due south of Clancann, and on the western side of the river. These territories occupy the same positions on the baronial map of 1609 when it is reversed. Clanbrassill is represented as being of greater length from north to south than either of the other two territories, whilst Oneilan is much broader from east to west. The small proportion of Tecmore, containing (2). Rolleston.-This clergyman first presents himself to our notice as one of Lord Saye's consort or company, seeking lands in Oneilan, and representing himself as having an income of 100l. per annum, and 500l. worth of 'goods.' (See p. 148). He came from Staffordshire, and as it happened, on his coming hither, he found his way into one of the most attractive districts in Ulster--not only picturesque, but pre-eminently fertile ;-and hence the chosen retreat in earlier days of many leading families of the O'Neills. But their day had passed, and the succession to their houses and fields now became a source of very active competition and struggle among the new-comers. Parson Rolleston succeeded in getting his lands in one of the choicest localities; but, as we shall afterwards find, |