vantage in Zanzibar. The demand for | posals of the firm of Godeffroys Bros. for new markets is the more urgent now in the annexation of the Samoa group. A Germany because the largest of her pre- scheme was drawn up, dividing the land vious markets, Russia, is being closed among military settlers, grants of arms against her. Not content with having were made from the royal arsenals, and sheltered themselves already behind an the Hertha, the first Continental ironalmost prohibitive tariff, the Moscow clad which steamed through the Suez manufacturers, alarmed at the success Canal, was despatched to give a vigorous with which their German rivals have support. Before the last arrangements, transferred their plant into Russian Po however, were completed, the Francoland, in spite of the difficulties and ex- German war intervened, with the internal pense, now clamor for a customs line to consolidation and the diplomatic struggles be drawn between the Polish provinces which succeeded it. and inner Russia. But Prince Bismarck had not abandoned The loud demand for new markets is his early ideas; he was waiting till the not, however, really so urgent, or sus-time was ripe. In 1875 he made a tenta tained by such pressing causes, as the cry for colonial settlements. It may be doubted whether Germany's penurious soil possesses in itself sufficient mineral and other resources ever to allow her to contend with this country as the great manufacturer of the raw products of the world. It is rather England who must seek new outlets for her commerce, as her old markets are exhausted or shared among new competitors, while the amount of human energy she supplies, and its more than proportionate productiveness, steadily increase, owing to acquired skill and improved machinery. Germany's first need, on the other hand, is for habitable and agricultural colonies, where her surplus population may be planted, and may not be lost to her. There is, therefore, no immediate cause of hostile rivalry; and German expansion with its orderly and commercial instinct, may be regarded as a valuable influence in the spread of civil. ization. V. In discussing German movements, however, it is impossible, at the present time, to omit reckoning with the views of the great statesman who controls her destinies. Prince Bismarck has been variously represented as reluctantly putting himself at the head of a colonial agitation which he really deprecates, and as using it merely in order to discomfit domestic opponents, or to make foreign govern. ments feel his weight abroad. No doubt these last two reasons have had some effect in shaping the chancellor's actual policy. But Prince Bismarck appears to have needed no prompting for appreciating the necessity of colonial expansion, and to have given it his serious reflection long before the present Colonization Society met at Eisenach. In the days of the North German Confederacy, the rising minister lent all his influence to the pro tive effort, without success, to wring a "The colonial question is one I have studied for years. I am convinced Germany cannot go on forever without colonies, but as yet I fail to perceive deep traces of such a movement in the country." Those deep traces have now been revealed, and it remains to be seen whether the iron chancellor will not be able, in spite of the apparently insuperable objects in his way, to give practical effect to the aspirations of the German nation, and to his own earnest conviction. C. E. DAWKINS. From Blackwood's Magazine. REMINISCENCES OF SIR HERBERT STEWART. BY A BROTHER OFFICER. "HE is the best youngster I ever saw join a regiment," was the observation made by a popular officer of some standing in the service, shortly after Herbert Stewart joined the army. That this opinion was well deserved has been proved by the late Sir Herbert's short but brilliant career, the fatal ending of which, all who knew him and served with him do now so deeply deplore. A few reminiscences of his life, by one who had the privilege of his intimate friendship, may be interesting at the present time, while his memory is still fresh, and the circumstances amid which he met his death are still so engrossing men's minds. Herbert Stewart was gazetted ensign in the 37th Regiment, now the First Battalion of the Hampshire, in 1863. In the beginning of 1864 he joined at Aldershot, bringing with him the reputation (not an unimportant one in a good old English regiment) of having been captain of the eleven at Winchester School. The 37th were devoted to cricket, and the new subaltern proved an immense acquisition to the regimental team; he will be long remembered among cricketers as one of the best amateur wicket-keepers in England. With his valuable assistance, the regimental eleven of the old 37th was for many years hard to beat. As a youngster, Stewart was never one of those who took pleasure in midnight orgies or practical jokes amusements sometimes too much in vogue among young officers - but on festive occasions he preferred the whist-table or the billiardroom, where he always ranked much above the average player. At Dover, whence the regiment proceeded from Aldershot, Stewart mainly distinguished himself at cricket and boating. In the regimental six-oar no man pulled a better stroke. He possessed in great perfection that ready co-operation of hand and eye so essential to success in all manly sports. Some of the older members of the Dover Club must still recollect his skill at billiards his brilliant winning hazards at pool. This may seem a trifling matter; but Stewart's play indicated that swift judgment, quick decision, and imperturbable temper which so distinguished his after career the success of which was predicted by those who knew him well. Promotion was exceptionally rapid in the 37th Regiment at the time of which I write many subalterns getting their companies after less than four years' service. Stewart was promoted to lieutenant in 1865, and selected for the adjutancy in 1866. From Dover the regiment was sent to Ireland, where it spent a short year in various stations; and officers who were then quartered in that country must still remember Stewart's feats in cricket matches at the Curragh, Cork, and Fermoy. In July, 1866, the headquarters of the 37th, with Stewart as adjutant, embarked at Queenstown in "the good ship Blenheim," bound for Calcutta. Good ship, however, proved a misnomer in this case, as the vessel grounded on the sandbanks at the mouth of the Hooghly, where she narrowly escaped shipwreck, bumped about during a whole night, and was even tually so damaged that she was afterwards condemned, and never went another voy. age. An awful night of peril and suspense was passed-necessarily a crucial test of pluck and character, death staring all in the face. The young adjutant on this trying occasion manifested the coolness and courage which were afterwards. so prominently shown in his career. On its arrival in India, the regiment was stationed in the Rohilcund district one of the finest in that country for sport. Here it remained four years in different stations - Bareilly, Shahjehanpore, Moradabad. In the immediate neighborhood is found the best of wild-duck, snipe, and other shooting; while a night's dak places one on the skirts of the terai, the grandest field in the world for shikar. The 37th was at that time a young and very sporting regiment, and it had the good fortune to be commanded by a colonel who was second to none in the use of the rifle and the rod, and the keenest of all in every manly exercise. Under these auspicious circumstances, it is not sur prising that the officers made the most of this elysium of the shikari. Tiger-shooting and other sporting parties were fre quently organized; and Stewart was one of the most ardent and indefatigable of sportsmen. Many men, after the novelty of killing their first tiger, find a certain tameness in this form of sport, and Stewart went in with perhaps more zest for the wild life and difficult stalking of the Himalayas and Thibet. In the latter elevated and treeless country the necessary hard work tells severely on the constitution; and only the most robust and enthusiastic of stalkers are likely to meet with success. It showed a good deal of determination and self-reliance for a "grif" fresh from England, with little knowledge of the country, or the language, ways, and manners of the natives, to start alone across these lofty mountain ranges, and make double marches in order to catch up his colonel, who had preceded him eight or ten days. This Stewart accomplished; and the party afterwards crossing the snowy range at the Niti Pass, made a most successful six months' trip to Thibet, returning with many trophies of Ovis ammon, burrel, etc. A similar expedition was undertaken from Cashmere by the same party in 1871, when a famous bag was made. These journeys entail very severe exertion, long and difficult marches on foot, and many days must often be passed without a sign of game or the chance of firing a shot. Promoted to captain in 1868, and pro ceeding on leave to Simla, Stewart was rung of the ladder, up which he was so selected by General X- as his aide-de- rapidly to ascend to fame. In the Secocamp. Many officers and civilians who coeni campaign which followed, he diswere in Bengal at the time, will recollect charged the very severe and heavy duties him well in that position, and how people required of him with his accustomed enwere sometimes heard to speak of "Stew-ergy, thereby receiving the well-merited art and his general"! We next find him approval of his chief, and afterwards his employed in the quartermaster general's brevet of lieutenant colonel - which recdepartment in the camp of exercise at ognition of services no man better deDelhi; and afterwards in the same capac-served. ity at Meean Meer. Whilst there, the 37th arrived, and in about a fortnight lost, by an outbreak of cholera, over one hundred lives. The recognized best plan of action in such an emergency is to move the stricken regiment (if possible, across a river), and in every way try to keep up the spirits of the men by games, music, etc., anything, in fact, to prevent the mind from dwelling on the terrible position. Stewart's character came out strongly during this trying time; and the services of this young deputy assistant quartermaster general were invaluable in planning, superintending, and carrying out the arrangements necessary for the moves, camps, etc. Indeed, had a less efficient officer been on the staff, the regiment would have fared badly; but thanks to his strength of character and energy, things were managed, not in the spirit of red tape, but practically and thoroughly. It has been remarked by those who have experienced both situations, that a cholera camp is more trying to the nerves than a battlefield. We next see Stewart on Majuba Hill with Sir G. Colley, in the spring of 1881. He was close to his chief when that gallant but unfortunate officer was shot dead, and evidently one of the last on that fatal hill, for he was taken prisoner. He afterwards spent an interesting time with the Boers, who treated him well, giving him the very best they had. Like all who shared in that disastrous fight, Stewart was unrecompensed for his hard service there. After the Transvaal campaign he rejoined his regiment, and did duty with it in command of the detachment at Glasgow until early in 1882, when he was offered an aide-de-campship by Lord Spencer in Ireland. Here the lord-lieutenant found scope for Colonel Stewart's great abilities in many other than the ordinary duties of an A.D.C.,- although for these no man could have been more fitted. His handsome, expressive face and peculiar charm of manner, his active habits and bold_riding, ensured his popularity with the Irish in the hunting-field as in the ball-room, and he was always a favorite in Having returned to England on leave in society; but his capacity for higher and 1873, Captain Stewart exchanged into the more intellectual work was not ignored, 3rd Dragoon Guards. Although offered at a time when long heads were much permanent employment on the staff of required in Ireland. On account of his the quartermaster-general's department in sound common sense and rare tact, StewIndia, he considered that his future inter-art was specially fitted for diplomatic ests lay in another direction. In 1877 Stewart entered the Staff College, creating rather a sensation by bringing with him a four-in-hand team. While there he was one of the foremost with the College draghounds, and was well known with Mr. Garth's and the Queen's. After completing the two years' course, being then only a captain of cavalry, and having seen no active service, he volunteered for South Africa. Stewart afterwards declared that the Zulu campaign was the hardest piece of work he ever did. He was on the eve of embarking for England, almost unnoticed, when Lord Wolseley telegraphed to stop him, and gave him the appointment of military secretary, in the place of Colonel Colley, who had been ordered to India. Stewart thus got his foot on the lowest work of an important or delicate nature. He writes about this time from the viceregal lodge: "We are very busy over here with one thing and another, and I drop in for all sorts of work one day I am a policeman, and the next a university reformer. This style of change suits my usual restlessness." From this time Stewart's rise was very rapid. When selected for the brigade majorship of cavalry in the expedition to Egypt in 1882, he was only a major in the 3d Dragoon Guards, and a brevet lieutenant colonel in the army, having served in three campaigns, and been several times mentioned in despatches. He was pres ent with General Drury Lowe's cavalry – latterly as deputy assistant adjutant general during all the actions of that cam. paign, and in the splendid march of the from Gakdul, with his whole force now concentrated about fifteen hundred fighting men cavalry on Cairo after the battle of Tel-elKebir. By this rapid march and vigorous pursuit the enemy was prevented from - he again struck across the again rallying, the fruits of victory were desert, making for the wells of Abu Klea reaped, Cairo taken, and the campaign and the Nile. How he fought two suc practically ended. With the audacity, com- cessful battles Abu Klea on the 17th bined with shrewdness, which should ever | January, and Gubat on the 19th - against be the leading characteristic of the beau overwhelming numbers of the bravest sabreur, Stewart, by a clever disposition fanatics, where defeat meant annihilation, of his small force, deceived the garrison - how he was struck down at the fight on of Cairo - twenty thousand unbeaten reg- the 19th by a wound which has since ular troops and demanded their instant proved fatal, these things are well surrender. Had they refused to capitu- known. late, he could not for a moment have opposed the force against him with his tired-out cavalry. For these services Stewart was appointed A.D.C. to the queen, made a companion of the Bath, and promoted full colonel. At each of these engagements the cavalry did effective and gallant service, although that miserable weapon, the regulation sabre, proved its worthlessness, and the troopers eventually armed themselves with the lances of the dead Arabs. At the fight at Tamai, Stewart, now commanding a cavalry brigade, proved a friend in need to his former chief and sporting ally, General Davis (to whom he had been adjutant in the old Indian days), by coming to his aid at a most critical moment, when Davis's square was partly broken and temporarily pressed back. Stewart cleverly and boldly dismounted his horsemen, and by their effective fire checked the wild rush of Arab fanatics, and enabled the brigade to rally. Stewart's last campaign must be too fresh in the minds of every one to need more than a few passing remarks. Selected at Korti by Lord Wolseley for the command of a most arduous and dangerous enterprise, he hastened across the desert to Gakdul, a distance of nearly one hundred miles, where was the nearest ample water supply. Leaving his men there, he returned almost without rest, and again directly crossed the dreary waste with another contingent. This march of nearly two hundred miles in less than six days is unparalleled in its character, camels being the only mode of conveyance for men, water, and supplies. It will rank for rapidity and endurancealthough a short march with a small force among the greatest historical marches on record. Very shortly after, starting of Stewart was not more remarkable for his bravery and intelligence as a soldier, than for his endearing qualities in private life. Those who had the advantage of his friendship recognized in him a strength of mind and geniality of temper which made his companionship a real pleasure and privilege. He was often and very aptly spoken of as "a long-headed man,' and he possessed in a remarkable degree the power of writing a good letter expressing himself clearly and concisely. Ever ready to help a friend in the hour of need, it was a common practice to resort to him for advice in matters of difficulty or delicacy, which was always given kindly and effectively. In that lamentable affair in connection with the death of the prince imperial, when Captain Carey was tried by court-martial, Stewart, who had been with him at the Staff College, assisted the prisoner with advice, suggested his line of defence, and helped him in his trouble. It cannot be supposed that this was done from any sympathy with Carey's conduct, but from a chivalrous impulse which led him to stand by a fallen comrade who was helpless and friendless. In his rapid rise in his profession Stewart owed nothing to private interest. It was in the ordinary course of soldiering that he first met Lord Wolseley at Rorke's Drift, who, no doubt with that penetration for which he is remarkable, recognized in him a most capable officer, not to be lost sight of in future campaigns. It was not only on the field of battle, in all manly sports, and in private life, that Stewart was ever prominent. He became, while at the Staff College, a member of the Honorable Society of the Inner Temple, and of late years, between his campaigns, was often to be met during the law terms eating his dinners at the Inner Temple Hall. He had finished keeping his terms, but had not been called to the bar, when he quitted England for the last time. Twenty-two years have elapsed since the writer of this feeble tribute to his memory | vice. I looked up once. It is no exaggera tion to say that every one round the spot had utterly broken down. I have lost the kindest, truest friend man ever had-and England, Í honestly believe, one of her best officers. To men who knew him best, Stewart's death creates a real and irreparable blank. That bright, cheery nature and charm of manner are seldom found combined in the same man with high intellectual powers, rare courage, and quiet determination. Whilst his companions in arms lament him as a true friend and dear brother, the army he adorned mourns him as a brilliant and dashing soldier, and a kind and thoughtful commanding officer; and the public whom he so faithfully served laments him as a rising servant, who had latterly become in their eyes the type of a born cavalry leader. It must be some consolation to his friends and dear ones to have marked how, in these last scenes, not only they, but the whole nation, from her Most Gracious Majesty to the meanest of her subjects, watched with intense pride, interest, and anxiety, every gallant forward step in the desert, and seemed to be moved to the heart by the stirring and pathetic tale. Herbert Stewart was only forty-one, full of life and energy, and zeal for his glorious profession. To think of him struck down at the supreme moment when he had achieved that fame which had been his dream throughout his career; suddenly taken from the fulness of a busy life, and the intense anxiety of his most difficult and responsible task; the sudden quietness of inaction after the storm; to picture the young general stretched on the bed of suffering on board Gordon's steamer on the Nile; afterwards tenderly carried back by his men through the long and dan gerous return marches across the desert, the convoy of wounded fighting its way through the enemy; his thoughts, feelings, regrets, his bitter disappointment, - to think of these things is enough to draw tears from the eyes of strong men. Our gallant soldier, we can believe, encountered them with calmness and fortitude. The 19th Hussars made a forced march to try to be in time for the funeral, but arrived too late. This morning they came and asked to be allowed to do the stone-work round the grave, and have been working all day. This is a touching testimony to the affection and respect in which he was held by his men. Writing from Gakdul on February_20, the war correspondent of the Daily Telegraph says: "Stewart was much beloved by all who enjoyed his acquaintance, and any hour of the day you may see one or more of his friends sorrowfully regarding his grave." His was a grand life, nobly ended; and although his body lies in a soldier's grave in the desert by the wells of Gakdul, his cherished memory and heroic example still remain with us. Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth (That last infirmity of noble mind) And think to burst out into sudden blaze, And slits the thin-spun life. From The National Review. 1853 AND 1885. The fortune of Athens, and her title to the benevolent aid of the gods, is still greaterif only you, Athenians, will do your duty. Yet here you are sitting still, doing nothing. The work for him, much less the gods. I do not sluggard cannot even command his friends to wonder that Philip, always in the field, always in movement doing everything for himself, never letting slip an opportunity, prevails over you, who merely talk, inquire, and vote without action. Nay, the contrary would be wonderful if, under such circumstances, he had not been the conqueror. But what I do wonder at is that you, Athenians, who in former days contended for Panhellenic freedom against the disement for yourselves, fought in person and Lacedæmonians, who, scorning unjust aggran lavished your substance to protect the rights of the other Greeks-that you now shrink from personal service and payment of money grave-mosthenes, Second Olynthiac, Grote's Transfor the defence of your own possessions. (Delation.) Then the last scene of all at Gakdul touchingly told by the telegram sent home by an officer of his staff: We buried him in the little British yard near the Gakdul Wells. It was the most impressive scene any one ever went through. We formed a procession in the valley, headed by the firing party, and the band of the Royal Sussex. Colonel Talbot read the burial ser IT is admitted that in 1853-54 we drifted unnecessarily into a war with Russia. At the present moment all the symptoms of |