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TENNYSON'S CAMBRIDGE

George Walker who eminently distinguished himself at the siege of Derry, was Chancellor of Armagh, 1666-77, and probably was subsequently Archdeacon of Derry. He came from Yorkshire, and became Rector of Badoney, in the diocese of Derry, in 1630, and afterwards Rector of Cappagh, in 1636. He died at his living of Kilmore, on Sept. 15, 1677 (Cotton's 'Fasti Ecc. Hib.,' iii. C. E.

VOICES IN BELLS AND CLOCKS (7th S. xii. 304, 396; 8th S. ii. 238, 298).-Théophile Gautier, in his amusing description of the scalding soup at the table d'hôte at Courtnay during the twenty minutes' halt of the diligence in its journey from Paris to Brussels, in his 'Caprices et Zigzags,' says:

CONTEMPORARIES (8th S. ii. 441).—In the interesting note which has been contributed by CANON VENABLES upon this subject the name of "C. Donne (licenser of plays)" has been included among the friends and companions of Tennyson at Cambridge. This is a slip of the pen for William Bodham Donne, the late examiner of plays, who died in the early eighties. Mr. Donne was, I believe, a collateral descendant | 40, 337, and v. 204). of the poet of that name, and was also connected with the family of William Cowper. After his death an interesting volume from his library came into my possession. This was a presentation copy of the privately printed collection of 'Poems' by Arthur Henry Hallam, which was issued in 1830. Bound up with it is the 'Poems, chiefly Lyrical,' of Alfred Tennyson, published by Effingham Wilson in the same year. It had been the original intention of Hallam and Tennyson, as noted in Kemble's letter to Trench of April 1, 1830, which is quoted by CANON VENABLES, to issue their poems in a joint volume. This idea was subsequently abandoned, and Hallam merely printed a few copies of his productions, which he distributed amongst his intimate friends. Mr. Donne, however, carried it out to some extent by binding up the two volumes together. Very few copies of Hallam's 'Poems' appear to be extant, and I should be glad to learn if any of them possess a title-page. My own copy has merely a half-title. W. F. PRIDEAUX.

9, St. James's Street, S.W.

REEDS (8th S. ii. 327, 433, 517).-The only person whom I ever knew to use a reed for writing purposes was my late old friend Charles Longuet Higgins, of Turvey Abbey, Beds, who deservedly finds a niche in 'Lives of Twelve Good Men,' by his brother-in-law, Dean Burgon. Some autograph letters of his addressed to me, written with a reed, are most carefully preserved. They are beautiful specimens of calligraphy, each character being distinctly formed and nearly one inch in length.

I remember to have seen, some quarter of a century ago, in the fine library at Aldenham Abbey, Herts, belonging to Mr. William Stuart, chiefly collected by his father, the Archbishop of Armagh, a valuable copy of the Pentateuch on rollers, most beautifully written with a reed in Hebrew characters. So regular and uniform were they that they looked as though printed. This, Mr. Stuart informed me, had been purchased for a very large sum at the dispersion of the library of the Duke of Sussex in 1843.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.
GEORGE WALKER, BISHOP OF DERRY (8th S.
ii. 408).—There was no such bishop. The Rev:
George Walker, D.D., the father of the Rev.

"Ce retard était d'autant plus douloureux, que le plus goguenard des coucous, nous regardant avec les deux trous par où on le remonte, comme avec deux prunelles, semblait nous mépriser infiniment, et nous poursuivre de son tictac ironique, qui nous disait en langage d'horloge: L'heure coule, la soupe est toujours chaude."

Under this head we ought not to forget

The mellow lin-lan-lone of evening bells,
written. This is one of those lines of which we
one of the loveliest lines that even Tennyson has
may say with Shelley:-

Sounds overflow the listener's brain
So sweet that joy is almost pain.
See also Wordsworth's 'White Doe of Rylstone,'
canto vii. lines 211-226.

All the examples which have been adduced by
myself and other correspondents are of imaginary
articulate sounds in bells or clocks. For an ex-
ample of the converse of this, namely an imitation,
more or less exact, of a bell by a human throat,
see the last note in 'The Heart of Midlothian
("Tolling to Service in Scotland"). Neither
should we omit the campanero, or bell-bird of
South America. See Waterton's graphic descrip-
tion of him:-

"His note is loud and clear, like the sound of a bell, and may be heard at the distance of three miles...... Orpheus himself would drop his lute to listen to him, so sweet, so novel, and romantic is the toll of the pretty snow white campanero." -'Wanderings in South America."

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TENNYSON ON TOBACCO (8th S. ii. 326, 371, 450). Has your correspondent ever searched through Cope's Tobacco-Plant? I do not know the periodical, but I have a faint recollection of being told that something by Tennyson appeared there. T. O. B.

in equality, and upon a throne, with the Third Person in the usual form, near them, is very frequent, apart from that which appears in the Majesties. MR. MOULE may profitably refer, as MR. E. PEACOCK suggests, to the Iconographie Chrétienne' of Didron, a compendium of wonderful research, which, alas! remains unfinished by A "CRANK" (8th S. ii. 408, 473).-This is not its author, Paris, 1845. In Bohn's "Illustrated exclusively an American word. Halliwell has it, Library" a volume of an excellent translation, by and one of its definitions is "impostor." A book Mr. E. J. Millington, with all the original cuts, published A.D. 1566 is entitled A Caveat......for of this work was published in 1849, and entitled common cursetors, vulgarly called Vagabonds......Christian Iconography.' In 1886 a second and whereto is added the tale of the second taking of much extended edition of this translation was the counterfeit crank.' A glossary at the end of issued by Messrs. G. Bell & Sons. In either of the book defines cranke, "young knaves and these books MR. MOULE will find what he wants harlots that deeply dissemble the falling sick- (see "The History of God'). There is a good ness. "An American lawyer published a pamphlet; sketch of the subject at large in Mrs. Jameson's a newspaper review called it the "effusion of a History of Our Lord' (ii. 345). No such picture crank"; for this the lawyer sued for libel; he was as the "Albert Dürer" (!) which Pennant mennonsuited, the Court holding that to call a man a tioned as existing at Blithefield Park is known to crank was not libellous per se (Walker v. Tribune critics as the work of that master. He never Co., 29 Federal Reporter, 827). One having painted on a gold ground. Besides, MRS. GAMLIN impracticable ideas is called a crank." Guiteau, describes a Majesty, which is quite a different who shot President Garfield, was called a "crank." thing from that MR. MOULE inquires about. The sentinel appointed to guard Guiteau, who considered it his duty to shoot the prisoner, was called a "crank." The man who entered the ST. CUTHBERT (8th S. ii. 386, 449, 498, 535).— office of Rusell Sage and demanded one million There is a woodcut of the "obverse of the Seal of and a quarter dollars, and, his demand not being the Convent of Durham" in a pamphlet entitled complied with, then and there exploded a dyna-Sainct Cudberht hys hatrid that he bare vnto mite bomb, was called a crank." Women,' &c., which was published at Newcastle in 1844. It evidently resembles Raine's woodcut, mentioned by J. T. F. J. F. MANSERGH. Liverpool.

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JOHN TOWNSHEND.

New York.
Perhaps another word or two may be admitted
about
66 a crank." It was a common term for

crazed folk, whether temporarily through drink,
or more permanently through trouble. These
poor folk, in Derbyshire, were always called
"cranky." About thirty years ago the round-
about horses common at wakes, statutes, and fairs
began to be driven by a crank," turned by a
man-superseding voluntary child power-and
from thence till to-day the roundabout horses are
known as 66
cranky horses."

Worksop.

66

THOS. RATCLiffe.

I have been accustomed to use this word all my life. A boat is said to be crank when it is easily upset. If a ladder be insecurely placed, one would say, "Don't go up the ladder, it's crank" (likely to fall or break). When applied to the intellectual faculties, it is generally pronounced cranky. Skeat tells us that it is a Middle-English word, parallel to the Teutonic krank, to twist.

E. LEATON-BLenkinsopp.

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"TO THREEP (8th S. ii. 325, 452, 491).-In Herbert Coleridge's 'Dictionary of the First or Oldest Words in the English Language, from the Semi-Saxon Period of A.D. 1250 to 1300,' threpe is given as "v.a.=convict, refute. Ps. xciii. 10. Anglo-Saxon preapian." The word is still in common use among the uneducated classes in the Lowlands of Scotland. The phrase "Ye won't threap that doun my throat" may be often heard. Burns uses the word in the postscript to his epistle to Wm. Simpson :

Some herds, well learn'd upo' the beuk,
Wad threap auld folk the thing misteuk.
W. A. HENDERSON.

Dublin.

Threep is pre-eminently a Scottish word. It is "to aver with pertinacity, in reply to denial." PICTURE OF THE HOLY TRINITY (8th S. ii. 89,"Luna is silver we threpe," in Chaucer, as well as 152, 395). The mode of representing the Holy "Came unto me and threped upon me that I Trinity which MR. H. J. MOULE describes, in should be the duke of Clarance sonne," in Hall's which the sacred personages are seated side by side'Chronicle,' attest the accuracy of the definition.

You will hear it all over Scotland any day, and one of our common phrases is "He threepit it doon my throat." ROBERT LOUTHEAN. Thornliebank.

"ZOLAESQUE" (8th S. ii. 468).-Why should not those of us who find such a word as Zolaesque suited to their present uses use it accordingly, without getting it put into a dictionary? Homer and Shakespeare have their adjectives, with somewhat differing application; but Shakespeare and Homer are immortals. Nor do we grudge Milton, "a name to resound through ages," his not so frequent adjective. But after suchlike it becomes a matter for consideration whether a poet, rhythmical or otherwise, deserves promotion from substantive to adjective rank. "Johnsonese," said Macaulay; Macaulayese," said somebody else; but is it certain that either this critic or the critic criticized contemplated the addition of a new word to the English language? The day may come when we shall know no need for "Zolaism" or "Ibsenism" (which some call Zolaism with a wooden leg), and we may again have to talk of "Anthony-Trollopy women and men in Birket-Fostery landscapes.'

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Writing once, in virtue of my position as one of those ignorant men in the street who make the British language, I ventured to protest betimes against the recognition of some words newly coined without, as it appeared to me, the temporary justification of the one in question. In doing so I chanced to make a perfectly incidental but insufficiently respectful reference to a word which, whether I liked it or not, I recognized as being a part of the British language. The result was interesting. Unneeded defence of this word came from the highest authority, while the "words that were not wanted" received no notice whatever; and a cultured contributor, who, alas! contributes no longer, expressed his gratification in a reply which showed that he had read the latter, but apparently

not the former entry.

There must be in every language vacancies for ideas not yet expressed; but, in consideration of the scope of the N. E. D.,' the editor seems more in need of support in rejection than in admission. KILLIGREW.

I should not be so sanguine as to look for the insertion of this word in the 'N. E. D.' There would be no end to the inclusion of such words, indicative of literary style, words which can be coined intuitively in the course of converse without lexicographical authority. Accord Zola such a distinction, and straightway you must open your columns to adjectivalities in connexion with all great authors, from Herodotus to Hugo. No, no! Such words should neither encumber nor infest the pages of a dictionary.

In a copy of Craig's Universal Dictionary' which lies before me I find the word rhubarby

is given as "like rhubarb "; but I look in vain tor the word rhubarb itself! Substance is often sacrificed by an overreach at the redundant. ROBERT LOUTHEAN.

Thornliebank.

I join MR. GERISH in his hope that Zolaesque may be included in the last part of the 'N. E. D.'; and in order to help towards the completeness of the 'Dictionary' I have sent Dr. Murray quotations for Zolaism, Zolaistic, Zolaite, and Zolaizing. What should we think of a dictionary which omitted euphuism and bowdlerize, or of a new compilation which refused to recognize boycott as a word added to the language? JOHN RANDALL.

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SEDAN-CHAIR (8th S. ii. 142, 511).-One would like to know whether the passage quoted from Bygone England' by MR. BIRKBECK TERRY, under this head, rests on any authority, or is only sedan-chair was named after Sedan, the town a mere ipse dixit of the author. To say that "the where it was first used," is to say what there is no French authority, with which I am acquainted, to back. By whom was it called a "sedan" chair? Certainly not by Frenchmen, who called it a chaiseà-porteurs. The author of Bygone England' seems to have adopted the statement to be found in Haydn, that sedan-chairs were "first seen in England in 1581," and "came to London in 1634." The Duke of Buckingham may have used a socalled sedan-chair (i.e., subsequently so-called); but if his "sedan" was borne "like a palanquin," it was not the sedan-chair as we understand the thing; it was the primary form of it, simply an uncovered arm-chair; a revival of the Roman lady's cathedra, attributed to, or, at any rate, largely patronized by, the Reine Margot. According to La Rousse, the sedan-chair proper, the covered and enclosed chaise-à-porteurs, was "imported into France" at the commencement of the reign of Louis XIII. (1610-1643). Now, it might which did not form an integral part of France till well have been "imported" from Sedan, 1642, when Maréchal Fabert, in the name of "the Just," came down upon Frédéric-Maurice de La Tour-d'Auvergne, and deprived that active conspirator of his principality. But neither La Rousse nor the likes of him say anything about sedanchairs having been imported from Sedan, or of their having been manufactured there. The "importation" is stated to have been due to the Marquis de Montbrun. An association for supplying chaises-à-porteurs to the public on hire was formed in Paris in 1617. The patent bears date December 11. The association consisted of the Sieur Jean Doucet, manufacturer; the Sieur Jean Regnault d'Eganville, financier, a very singular character; and Pierre Petit, a captain of the Gardes. It was the Guardsman's influence

very

which obtained the patent from the parlement. This conferred on this copartnery the sole right of supplying chaises-à-porteurs on hire, not only in Paris but "in the other cities of the kingdom, pour y faire porter des rues à autres ceux ou celles qui désireront s'y faire porter." The offices of the association were in the Rue du Grand-Hulen, at the house of Charles Chaignier, master cabinetmaker, where a model of the chaise was on view. In 1639 a similar patent was granted to another Marquis de Montbrun, for, if the chronologist be correct, the first would have been dead in 1637; another to the Sieur de Souscarrières; and a third to Mlle. d'Etampes. Under Louis XIV., thanks to the Maintenon, the chaise-à-porteurs became more fashionable than ever. How inveterate grew the use of it Mascarille witnesses in the 'Précieuses Ridicules.' When the Duchesse de Nemours, Princesse de Neuchatel, was minded to go from Paris to her principality, she went in a sedan with forty porteurs, who bore her in reliefs, and took ten days over the hundred and thirty leagues. Apropos, Angelo, somewhere at the end of the first volume of his 'Memoirs,' tells a lively story of a lady's sedan-chair which was housed in St. James's Palace about 1762.

W. F. WALLER.

own experience) it is generally used in a negative sense in Norfolk, as, "Ta don't fare to gee," equivalent to "He does not seem to go."

Davies gives "Gee-ho, a gee-ho coach seems to be a heavy coach from the country" (probably plying between the large cities and going and stopping at the towns and villages on the way; hence "Gee !-Ho!" going, stopping). He quotes: "They drew all their heavy goods here [Bristol] on sleds or sledges, which they call gee-hoes, without wheels."-Defoe, Tour through Great Britain,' ii. 314. gee-ho-coaches."-T. Brown's Works,' ii. 262. 'Ply close at inns upon the coming in of waggons and W. B. GERISH.

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"Gee, Up!" and "Gee, Woo!" both mean "Horse, get on!" In Notts and many other counties nurses say to young children,“ Come and see the gee-gees." "Up" is a contraction of "stir up" (your stumps), and "Woo!" is a provincial pronunciation of away or way," meaning, Get on the way. In confirmation thereof we refer to two other terms used to horses: "Woo'ish !"= bear away, and "Woo'sh, come hather (hather to rhyme with father), i. e., bear away to the side on which the carter walks. There is not the least likelihood that "Gee !-Woo !" is the Italian gio, because gio will not fit in with any of the other terms, and it is absurd to suppose that our peasants would go to Italy for such

a word.

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"Woo!"-stop or halt, is quite another word. The carter or team-man walks on the left side. Wo, or woh, is a turning (see Bosworth).

Major Henry Brackenbury, in his interesting history of the Queen's body guard, recently published, mentions that to Sir Saunders Duncombe, ancestor of Lord Faversham, is credited the intro duction of sedan-chairs into England in 1634, and that he received "from the king a patent for himE. COBHAM BREWER. self and heirs, vesting in them the sole right of Does not "Gee!" mean horse? We hear carrying persons for hire in these novel convey-carters exclaim "Gee!-Up!" as well as "Gee !CONSTANCE RUSSELL. Wo!"

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[See also 1st S. xi. 281, 388; 6th S. xii. 308, 331, 498; 7th S. i. 37, 295; ii. 6; xii. 394.]

"GEE!-Wo!" (8th S. ii. 445).—These words are used here by waggoners, carters, &c., walking by the side of their horses; but, as I was taught more than fifty years ago, it shows dreadful ignorance to use them on horseback or riding in any vehicle. "Wo!" or "Woy!" means stop. "Gee!" go to the right, or away from the driver, who walks on the left hand of his horses. "Auve!" or "Come hither, Auve!" in a singsong tone, sometimes accompanied by laying the waggoner's long whip gently across the neck of the horse, means "Come to me," or to the left. "Tela-tela-tela," a noise made by the tongue against the roof of the mouth, means get on, or mend your pace. k "Woy!" when prolonged into "Whoigh-ah!" and uttered severely, means "Stop instantly, you stupid beast; did you not hear me speak?" R. R.

I think Halliwell is correct as to the first exclamation, "Gee!" it being derived from the A.-S. gegan, to go. According to Nall (and my

ARTHUR MESHAM.

Besides these words I have often heard ploughmen in Essex address their horses with, "Cub-o'th'-Weh." I cannot say precisely what they meant the horse to do. Q.

ANNE WALLER (8th S. ii. 507).-I believe GENEALOGIST will gain information concerning the Utting family in the registers of the parish adjoining Ashby, viz., Carleton St. Peter, where in the church nave is to be seen the following inscription: "Here lieth ye body of Henry Utting, who died Aug. ye 22, 1714, aged 73."

LEO CULLETON.

GOETHE AND SMOLLETT (8th S. ii. 466, 533).— The passages I quoted from these authors appear to me to have substantially the same meaning, namely, that congenial company makes amends for bad wine. Mephistopheles shows this to be true by promoting the mirth of the revellers in Auerbach's 'Keller' with the song of a flea before producing "better wine," which he provides not to increase their enjoyment or to drink "in honour of liberty," but in order to carry out a mischievous

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AMBROSE GWINETT (8th S. ii. 447, 535).—I have a copy of this rare 'Life of Ambrose Gwinett, which I have had bound up with my friend Theodore Watts's 'Reminiscences of George Borrow.' It has always been a pet little volume on my shelves, but I shall be delighted to lend it to your correspondent should he desire to read it. Unfortunately no date is indicated, but I should take it to be 1770 or thereabouts. The frontispiece has two engravings, one of the man whom Gwinett was supposed to have murdered being seized by the press gang, the other of Gwinett in a cart being taken to be hanged on the gallows erected in a field hard by the church. The title is too long for 'N. & Q.,' but I give the pith of it:

"The Life, Strange Voyages and Uncommon Adventures of Ambrose Guinett, formerly known to the Public as the Lame Beggar: Who for a long Time swept the Way at the Mew's-Gate, Charing Cross. Containing an account, &c. The Fourth Edition. London, J. Lever, Little Moorgate, next to London Wall near Moorfields. (Price Six Pence.)"

I should much like to know if the story has ever been dramatized, as Mr. Watts infers in his 'Reminiscences of Borrow'; also if it is founded on fact; or are we indebted to Oliver Goldsmith's inventive genius for it?

JAMES ROBERTS BROWN,

SALISBURY MISSAL (8th S. ii. 528).-The Missal in English was published in 1868 by the Church Printing Company. The Lesser Hours of the Day were published by Swan Sonnenschein about two years ago. The Breviary complete in English is promised this year-I am uncertain by what firm of publishers. It is to be published by subscription and with music. H. A. W.

There is a complete English translation of the Salisbury Missal by Mr. Walker, I believe, and of the Breviary by the Marquis of Bute.

Winterton, Doncaster.

J. T. F.

SIR EDWARD LITTLEHALES (8th S. ii. 527).—Sir Edward Baker Littlehales (afterwards Sir Edward Baker Baker) was Under-Secretary of the Military Department at Dublin at the time mentioned by your correspondent. Sir Edward apparently held this post from 1801 to 1819. G. F. R. B.

BOOK MARGINS (8th S. ii. 307, 435).—The suggestion of MR. WYLIE respecting an equal (perhaps I should say a more equalized) margin all round the printed matter of a page is not new. Works

containing chiefly plates, in which the letterpress serves only to describe them in a brief manner, are usually printed in this way, the obvious fact being that the binder cannot cut the printed page down without serving the plates in the same way and thus ruining the book. I have a large-paper copy of a local work (no plates save the frontispiece), the late C. J. Palmer's Diary,' published allowing for the space taken into the binding. As 1892, which has an almost equal margin all round, it will not be rebound in my time, I confess to a admire it greatly, and shall be pleased to show it disregard for future generations' approval, and to any correspondent when in this neighbourhood. W. B. GERISH.

South Town, Great Yarmouth.
VERSES BY WHITTIER (8th S. iii. 9).—

A dreary place would be this earth
Were there no little people in it,'

are the opening lines of a short poem called The Little People,' given by way of motto to Child Life,' a collection of poems edited by Whittier (London, 1874), one of the most charming collections of poetry for children that I have ever seen. The concluding lines of the poem are :—

A doleful place this world would be Were there no little children in it. There is nothing to indicate that the verses were written by Whittier, though in all probability they were. W. W. DAVIES.

Lisburn, Ireland. The verse

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"In Anglo-Saxon we find to where now at is preferred, quite often enough to modify our wonder at the great prevalence of to in Devonshire. Such a phrase as thisWas Hama swan gerefa to Suɣtune' (Hama was herdshire. Not so very many years ago, schoolmasters in reeve at Sutton)-is of constant occurrence in DevonDevonshire were wont to tell how that Atterbury gave as a reason for unwillingness to go into Devonshire, that the natives could not pronounce at, and he had no fancy to be called To-terbury!"

In Toterbury the vulgar pronunciation of tutor would have been reproduced, just as Towell would be pronounced Toowell. In recent years the chaff of outsiders has led some of the Devonian folk to adopt the alien at into their speech, to the disuse

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