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of two styles, and some parts are of later date,
such as the references to Westward Ho' and Sir
Robert Shirley (1604-12). The appointment in
the Wardrobe is directly to the purpose.
A. HALL.

Your correspondent MR. A. HALL, at the last reference, quotes Martin Keyes, Groom Porter to Queen Elizabeth, at the building of Sandgate Castle, 1539. Reynolde Scott, Esq., was surveyor thereof, and Richard Keys, Esq., then being sole paymaster of the said works, I find that at about that time a Richard Keyes, of Folkestone, was tenant of St. Radegund's Abbey, near Dover, 444 acres, value 137. 10s. 4d.; and in Arch. Cant., vol. xi. p. 388; Reynolde Keyes occurs in a pay list of the forces raised in Kent to resist the Spanish Invasion 1588, being described as "Corporall of the feilde." We thus have Martin, Richard, and Reynolde Keyes. Can their connexion with each other be now traced?

HARDRIC MORPHYN.

DICTIONARY (8th S. iii. 167).-Smart's 'Pronouncing Dictionary' (Longmans, 1846) meets the requirements of E. G. F. G. T. PEEVOor.

A FUNERAL BY WOMEN IN 1677 (8th S. iii. 185).-On May 31, 1892, I was the officiating minister at the burial in a Worcestershire country churchyard of a girl aged thirteen months. The coffin was borne on white cloths by four girls, who wore white gloves and who lowered the coffin into the grave. This actual interment by the girls I had

never seen before, but the other customs are not
unusual in Yorkshire.
W. C. B.

DRAUGHTS (8th S. iii. 186).-Cotgrave's 'Dictionary' has "Dame, a man at Tables, or Draughts"; "6 damer, to make a Queen, as a Pawn at Chests; to double a man, or make a king, at draughts"; "dames, the playe on the outside of a paire of Tables, called draughts"; damier, a Chesse-boord, or paire of Tables." It has been supposed that Seneca alludes to a game somewhat similar to draughts, when he says "Catrunculis ludimus," Ep. 106, 11.

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F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.

To L. L. K.'s remarks hereon it may be added that 'The Ladies' Battle,' in which the contest is between a man and a woman, is still accepted as the equivalent English for Scribe's 'Bataille de Dames.' W. F. WALLER.

was owner of New Place at the time that mulberry trees were being planted. All trees had a charm for him; this slip was of a special, and then rare, kind, to be planted in a special place, by the wish of the king himself, and it is very much more than likely that he planted it with his own hand. This strong probability is strengthened by Clopton's assertion that he did so. Mulberry trees live long. In the garden of a house in Colchester, at least as old as the time of Shakespeare, there grew and flourished and bore fruit abundantly, until 1884, the view that it was one of King James's mulberry a noble mulberry tree. Tradition always supported trees; and when it was cut down for so-called modern improvements, a scientific man counted two hundred and ninety-eight clear rings of annual growth, which would throw its origin back to the close of the sixteenth century. Its diameter at the base was six feet, at three feet from the ground three feet nine inches, widening again to six feet below the spread of the branches. Its wood was sufficient to have made snuff-boxes and ornaments innumerable. It was apparently prepared to live quite as long again. Nothing now remains of it, however, but its photograph.

CHARLOTTE CARMICHAEL STOPES. old church of St. George, at Dunster, near the ABBEY CHURCHES (8th S. iii. 188).-The famous North Somersetshire coast, is an interesting instance of a church that was partly monastic and partly parochical in pre-Reformation times. We

have all read how that,

Will Waddle, whose temper was studious and lonely, Hired lodgings that took single gentlemen only; and further that,

-Will was so fat he appear'd like a tun,
Or like two single gentlemen roll'd into one.

Much in the same way, Dunster Church consists of two churches, standing together "enderways," as they would say in Yorkshire. The original church was founded in the reign of William the Conqueror, by Sir William de Mohun, who also built the castle and founded a priory of Benedictine monks. The church nominally belonged to the priory, but was also used by the Vicar of Dunster and his parishioners. But in A.D. 1499 a serious dispute arose between monks and laymen, and ultimately the quarrel was referred to the Abbot of Glastonbury and others as arbitrators. The upshot was that it was agreed the vicar and his successors should have their choir distinct from that AN OLD MULBERRY TREE (8th S. ii. 384, 472, of the prior and his monks. From that time, 534; iii. 76).—Some of the doubts that are peren- therefore, the building has been of a dual chanially expressed regarding Shakespeare's mul-racter, and besides the altar at the eastern end (a berry, and the manufactures therefrom, are probably based upon disbelief in the asserted age of the tree and bulk of the stem. James I. wished to introduced the mulberry tree into England, and many slips were planted in his reign. Shakespeare

part of the edifice known variously as the Old Church, the Priory Church, the Mohun Chapel, and the Luttrell Chancel), there has also been an altar on the western side of the central tower. This portion (i.e., west of the tower) has ever since

been used by the parishioners; whilst with the disappearance of the Benedictines the other end fell into a ruinous state. The historian Savage, in his 'History of the Hundred of Carhampton' (1830), refers to it thus :

"Oh that the voice of propriety and common decency, the voice that would command respect to the sacredness of the place, would call upon the living to honor the remains of the illustrious dead; then should we behold the Chancel of Dunster Church restored to its former venerable appearance, and the monuments of two once baronial families renovated by a judicious and well-timed expenditure. The restoration of the table monument of the Lord John de Mohun and his lady, and of their effigies, with the necessary reparations of those of the Luttrells, a new floor, and some other repairs, would reflect that honor upon the living which we are so justly anxious to see paid to the memory of the dead."

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In reply to MR. JAMES HALL, who asks whether undoubted examples can be cited of parish churches that were partly monastic and partly parochial in pre-Reformation times, I would give as an example the church of which I am incumbent. My church (Davington Priory) was originally two churches under one roof, the western portion being the church of the Benedictine sisters of Davington, and the eastern portion of the building forming the parish church of Davington. The two parts were divided by a low partition wall, in which were two doorways-at each side the altar of the sisters' church-leading from one part of the edifice to the other. The whole building, viewed from the west door, would appear to be one church, as there would be nothing to break the long line of the roof. The parochial part of the building has long since been destroyed, and the partition wall is carried up to the roof and pierced with three graceful lancets. The present church, which was originally the monastic portion, consists of a Norman nave and south-west tower (corresponding with a tower which formerly stood at the northwest angle), and north aisle and porch of the Early English period. CARUS VALE COLLIER.

Davington Priory. Sherborne Minster was partly monastic, partly parochial. See Hutchins's History of Dorset.' H. J. MOULE. Dorchester.

HIGH SHERIFFS' DRESS (8th S. iii. 188).-I do not suppose that high sheriffs have ever had any distinctive costume. The red coat, &c., shown

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in the portrait of the High Sheriff of Radnorshire in 1755 was probably merely his best suit, according to the fashion of the age, which he would have worn on any dress occasion, either at Court or elsewhere. Bright colours were not in those days, as Reynolds's portraits amply testify, confined to the army and the hunting field. I dare say the records of the Lord Chamberlain's Office would yield information as to the date when official uniforms were first instituted for civilians. The date would, I fancy, be well within the present century. George III. invented the "Windsor uniform, blue coat with red facings, which is still worn, I believe, by the gentlemen of the Court when at Windsor, and which is very possibly the parent of all our civil service and diplomatic uniforms. It has been the custom for high sheriffs to wear at assizes a uniform or a so-called "court levee, but I do not know whether they would be dress," just the same as if they were attending a the ordinary costume of a private gentleman. As guilty of contempt of court were they to appear in regards appearance at a levee or other state function, if a man is not dressed according to the Lord Chamberlain's regulations, he is simply refused admittance. Owing, no doubt, to the fact of many high sheriffs being deputy lieutenants, and wearing the uniform of that office, the idea has gained ground that that uniform is the official costume of a high sheriff. J. H. M.

ARTHUR ONSLOW (1691-1768), SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS (8th S. iii. 167).—Arthur Onslow-eldest son of Foot Onslow, Esq. (ob. 1710), returned as M.P. for Guildford, Surrey, in 1689, 1690, 1695, and 1698-is said to have been born at Chelsea, Oct. 1, 1691. He matriculated from Wadham College, Oxford, on Oct. 12, 1708, then aged eighteen, but did not proceed to a degree in that university. It appears that from about 1670 to 1720 there is an almost entire absence of entries in the admission register of Wadham College, consequently no record has been preserved of Onslow's earlier education. In addition to this it would seem that, prior to the appointment of the present Warden, it was contrary to custom to record in the college admission register particulars of the student's school or place of education. (Cf. Colling's 'Peerage,' 1779, vii. 248; Foster's Alumni Oxonienses,' 1500-1714, iii. 1090; Gardiner's 'Registers of Wadham College, Oxford,' 1889, i. 435.) DANIEL HIPWELL.

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17, Hilldrop Crescent, N.

Arthur Onslow, five times elected Speaker of the House of Commons, son of Foot Onslow, was born at Little Chelsea, Oct. 1, 1691. See Lysons's 'Environs,' vol. iii. LEO CULLETON.

GHOST MINERS (8th S. iii. 205).-Perhaps I may be allowed to suggest that 'Goblin Miners

would be the better heading. The ghosts of dead miners may haunt the mines, but the Kobolds are spirits of another sort. Milton's line in 'Comus' may be remembered :

No goblin or swart faery of the mine.

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Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned. Hamlet afterwards says,—

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

The Gospel of Saint Luke in Anglo-Saxon. Edited by J. W. Bright, Ph.D. (Oxford, Clarendon Press.) IT is always a gratifying spectacle, and one that proThe spirits of the mines are often thought to be phetic Bishop Berkeley would have contemplated with gnomes, which are elementary spirits. They warn pleasure, when our cousins in the New World are found miners of approaching death by mysterious knock-looking back with filial affection to the mother that ing. Burton, in his Anatomy of Melancholy,' bore them and to the rock out of which they were hewed. quotes the passage from Georgius Agricola con- English hails from the Johns Hopkins University, and The competent editor of this document of our oldest cerning the Cobali or Kobolds. The word Cobali two of his collaborators, whose help he acknowledges, are must be the same as goblin, which includes most Americans also. Dr. Bright follows the Corpus Christi spirits, but not ghosts. Burton distinguishes be- MS. at Cambridge, with certain variations indicated by tween ghosts and goblins. It is difficult to say from him. So long as his MS. makes a good grammatical italics. With regard to these variations we venture to differ whether Shakspeare uses the word to express a sense we hold it is an editor's business to follow it, and devil or a ghost in the line from 'Hamlet,' not to improve it by the arbitrary substitution of another word for one which he considers less suitable. For instance, in chap. i. v. 5 all the MSS. he cites give "of Abian tune," of Abiah's town, a reading perhaps due, as has been suggested, to the translator mistaking the vice editor boldly displaces it in favour of gewrixle, turn or of the Vulgate for vico. Not liking this rendering, the course, which he finds occurring afterwards in v. 8. The proper course would surely have been to print tüne in the text, as Bosworth did, and suggest gewrixle in a Reform Club. foot-note. Moreover, in this arbitrary emendation of his text Dr. Bright is not consistent. In chap. vii. v. 29 MR. BLACK's notice of this curious old super-sundor-hälgan (Pharisees) by an error stands in the MS. stition is very interesting. As additional sources as representing publicani of the Vulgate. Here, howof information on the subject, I may refer him to ever, the editor leaves the word, without venturing to the Gentleman's Magazine for 1795, pp. 559, 739; displace it by the proper word, manfullan, which occurs and to the Quarterly Review for 1820, p. 365 edition, strike us as meagre, having to do almost altoa few verses afterwards (v. 34). The notes, for a school et seq. A copy of Agricola's 'De Re Metallica' is gether with the correspondence or discrepancy existing in the Mining Library here, printed at Basel, in between the translation and the Vulgate original. Some 1561. The woodcuts in it are very quaint. I linguistic and grammatical notes would have been more would point out an error in a foot-note in MR. useful to a learner. Nevertheless, it is a handy little BLACK's notice, where the date 1854 should read, volume, and it has a good glossary. I imagine, 1584. H. T. FOLKARD.

The spirit I have seen may be a devil, So it is likely enough that he may have thought at first he was addressing a devil which had assumed the appearance of the dead king.

Public Library, Wigan.

E. YARDLEY.

The Dawn of the English Reformation, its Friends and
Foes. By Henry Worsley. (Stock.)

WE question whether Mr. Worsley's volume does not

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8th S. i. overpass the line which disqualifies books for notice in 515; ii. 99):

L'homme qui se bat et qui conseille. When I pointed out a reference to this saying in 'Kenilworth' I did not remember that it is also quoted at more length in 'Waverley,' chap. xiv. Perhaps this will give EZTAKIT as much information as to its origin as he requires: "He [the Baron] used to have a perverse pleasure in boasting that the barony of Bradwardine was a male fief. the first charter having been given at that early period when women were not deemed capable to hold a feudal grant, because, according to Les coustusmes de Normandie, c'est l'homme ki se bast

et ki conseille.""

JONATHAN BOUCHIER,

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our pages. History is our province. With theology we may not intermeddle. The volume before us, though dealing with historical facts, does so almost entirely from the standing-ground of controversial theology. The writer is an ardent Protestant, and consequently an admirer of some persons and things which others at the opposite pole of thought are wont to treat with little

favour.

We are sorry when the events of the sixteenth century are approached in a controversial spirit. That, however, there is a call for literature of this kind we are aware. It is, therefore, well that it should be produced by scholarlike persons of the stamp of Mr. Worsley rather than by those whose sole idea of writing a history of the Reformation period is to copy Foxe and Burnet. The highest praise we can give 'The Dawn of true that it does for this country what D'Aubigné's the English Reformation' is to say, what is certainly 'Histoire de la Reformation' accomplished for the Continent.

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to the Augsburger Zeitung. As such they are but mode-
rately interesting to Englishmen, whose feelings Heine
never spares. His worst venom is, indeed, always chosen
when he mentions things English, and he even ventures to
impugn the English character for bravery. This he did,
however, to please his French hosts rather than his Ger-
man readers, and he always affects great indignation at
English patronage of things German, Among the con-
tents one finds his excuse when the sack of the
Tuileries in 1848 proved him to have been in receipt of
a pension from Louis Philippe, whom he always praised.
It is impossible for Heine to write anything which does
not contain flashes of brilliancy. In the present case
one is most impressed with the accuracy of view and the
insight-almost prophetic-he displayed in dealing with
things French.
Mr. Leland's introduction and notes
remain very readable and often very pungent. He is at
no great pains to spare Heine, on whose transgressions
in regard to taste he is, indeed, very severe. Mr. Leland
also talks with obvious pride of having taken part in
erecting and defending barricades in the Paris streets in
1848. We will not ask him, in the words of Molière, "que
diable allait-il faire dans cette galère." He had, perhaps,
some reasons for taking part in a quarrel with which he
was unconcerned. To tell about the matter is, however,
we venture to think, more than indiscreet.

The London and Middlesex Note-Book. A Garner of
Local History and Antiquities. Edited by W. P. W.
Phillimore. (Stock.)

THIS handsome volume contains some important papers,
especially those on the Lord Mayors and Sheriffs of
London of the time of James I. The facts recorded
must have taken years in accumulating. We trust that
some day or other the compiler of these notices, or some
one else treading in his footsteps, will give us an anno-
tated catalogue of the Lord Mayors and Sheriffs from
their beginning down to the present time. Foreigners
not infrequently make grotesque blunders regarding the
office and rank of the Lord Mayor, but, on the other
hand, we sometimes find our own countrymen showing
equal ignorance, though they commonly err in the oppo-
site direction. The schoolboy's diary of the London sights
which he enjoyed in 1843 is amusing. Among other
objects of interest which he visited was the gallery
containing Miss Mary Linwood's copies of paintings in
needlework, an exhibition which has long been dis-
continued. The short paper on the hundreds of Mid-
dlesex is useful. The writer points out that these
ancient "divisions of the country seem in danger of
becoming totally extinct." We fear this is the case.
Ordinary works of reference seldom notice them. Before
it is too late we wish some antiquary would compile a
list of the hundreds, wapentakes, and rapes for the
entire kingdom. They are in many cases even older
land divisions than the counties of which they form
parts, and the names in some instances carry us back
to the earliest recorded Teutonic settlement, if, indeed,
they do not in some cases go back even further.
Gloucestershire antiquaries will be glad to find here the
inscriptions to the memory of the Berkeleys, of Berkeley
Castle, who are buried in Cranford Church.

VOLS. IV. and V. of the "Aldine" Wordsworth, edited by Prof. Dowden, have been issued by Messrs. G. Bell & Son. Vol, iv. contains, among other things, "Poems of Sentiment and Reflection," including The Character of the Happy Warrior,' Fidelity,' and other pieces, to which every Wordsworth lover is glad to turn. It has also The White Doe of Rylstone' and the Ecclesiastical Sonnets. In the fifth volume appear the miscellaneous poems, Epitaphs and Elegiac Pieces,' the modernizations of Chaucer, &c., and, best of all, the 'Ode on the

Intimations of Immortality,' one of the noblest poems of the century. Two more volumes complete the edition. WITH a capable and interesting in troduction by Mowbray Morris appears (Macmillan & Co.) the "Globe" edition of Boswell's Life of Johnson. To the owners of few books these trustworthy and attractive "Globe" editions appeal. Thousands read Shakspeare in the "Globe" edition, and thousands more will turn to the "Globe" Boswell. Among its many recommendations is a fine index.

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folk News Co.). WE have received Broad Norfolk (Norwich, Norcorrespondence which has appeared in the Eastern It is a reprint of an interesting Daily Press. the form of letters, it has not been possible to arrange As the work appeared originally in the material in alphabetical order; but the difficulty has been obviated by an excellent index. Mr. CozensHardy, the editor, says that it is "perhaps the most remarkable accumulation of provincialisms ever collected in any county in the kingdom." Without wishing to disparage Broad Norfolk, we cannot help our mind recurring to Miss Baker's Northamptonshire Glossary,' Miss Jackson's Shropshire Word-Book,' Mr. Atkinson's 'Cleveland Dialect,' and several of the English Dialect Society's issues which we need not name, every one of which contains far more information than estimate, we willingly admit that the various writers the little book before us. Notwithstanding this overinformation which will be of great service to the comhave enabled the editor to garner a mass of curious pilers of the Dialect Dictionary' which has been promised for some years. Some of the words registered here are new to us. Corder, for example, the meaning of which does not seem clear. Rockstaff, in the before heard of. It is, of course, a survival from the sense of a tale, "an old woman's rockstaff," we never days of the spinning wheel. Wind-jammer is, it seems, Puritan hatred for the "kist of whistles"? an organist. Is it a modern invention, or a relic of the

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JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE,
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This Day's ATHENÆUM contains Articles on

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RUSSIAN FAIRY TALES.

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FAITHFUL SERVANTS.

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The ATHENEUM for March 25 contains Articles on
RECOLLECTIONS of an EGYPTIAN PRINCESS.

An OFFICER of the LONG PARLIAMENT.
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The STANFORD DICTIONARY.

NEW NOVELS-A Mere Cipher; Between Two Opinions; A Secret of
the Past; From One Generation to Another; The Tragedy of Ida
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OUR LIBRARY TABLE-LIST of NEW BOOKS.

The PRACTICE of "LIFTING" at EASTER-LEIGH HUNT on
HIMSELF-SALE-AUTHORS and EDITORS-SPRING PUB-
LISHING SEASON.

LITERARY GOSSIP.

ALSO

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LILLY on the GREAT ENIGMA.
DEAN SWIFT and his WRITINGS.

NEW NOVELS-The Sorceress; Rujub the Juggler; The Story of
John Trevennick; Life's Tapestry, or Homes and Hearths; Lady
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Morris Julian's Wife; Babette Vivian; Sœurs.

The HOUSE of LORDS and UPPER HOUSES.
ECCLESIASTICAL BIOGRAPHY.

OUR LIBRARY TABLE-LIST of NEW BOOKS.
'SCANDAL about QUEEN ELIZABETH'-M. HIPPOLYTE ADOLPHE
TAINE-Mr. LECKY on the EARL of WHARTON-CAMDEN'S
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AUTHORS and AMERICAN PUBLISHERS-BECKE'S and TA-
VERNER'S BIBLES-The ROLLS of the KING'S COURT under
RICHARD I.

LITERARY GOSSIP.

ALSO

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