be mixed with an equal portion of honey. Adults may allow a small piece gradually to dissolve in the mouth. Borax Gargle is made by mixing together BUCHU LEAVES-Are considered as diuretic and tonic, and are esteemed as a valuable remedy in rheumatism, irritable bladder, gravel, stricture, &c. They are given in infusion and tincture, half an ounce of the leaves being infused for three or four hours in half a pint of boiling water. A wine glassful for a dose, twice or thrice a day; or from one dram to half an ounce of the tincture taken as frequently; the latter may be advantageously administered in Pure Fluid Magnesia. CALOMEL-Is the most used, and perhaps the most useful preparation of Mercury; it is a safe laxative and purge, having an especial influence over the biliary system. In febrile affections of children, symptomatic of a disturbed state of stomach and bowels, purges of Calomel and Rhubarb are almost always effectual in affording relief. One valuable quality which Calomel has, is that of promoting the operation of other cathartics, without exciting any additional irritation or rendering them liable to act with violence. The following illustrate some of the applications of Calomel : PURGATIVE. Compound Extract Colocynth... Pills of Aloes with Myrrh... Make twenty-four pills; two a dose. dram dram ....1 dram This is a good form of purging pill, taken at night, and followed in the morning by an aperient draught. Mix, for a powder. This powder is a useful Calomel purge for children; it should be given in a tea spoonful of gruel. In cutaneous affections, in some forms of syphilitic eruptions, in chronic rheumatism, a compound of Calomel and Sulphuret of Antimony is sometimes employed, under the name of Plummer's Pill. CAMPHOR-Is certainly very beneficial in soothing and allaying irritability resulting from nervous constitution, as is particularly to be observed in many females. In the solid state it is liable to excite nausea, and ought to be given in some liquid form. From the sparing solubility of Camphor in water, the ordinary Camphor Julep contains little more than its taste and odour, and a mixture in every way preferable may be made with less trouble by using the Concentrated Essence of Camphor. Twenty or thirty grains of Powdered Camphor, added to a common poultice, will frequently relieve obstinate rheumatic affections. Camphor is a valuable external stimulant, and as such is often employed in painful affections of the muscles and joints. The Compound Camphor Liniment of the Pharmacopoeia is a good preparation for this purpose. It is also externally employed in the well known tepid lotion of Sir C. Scudamore's, for gout. The following are his directions: Take of Camphor Mixture.... .3 ounces ..9 ounces Dr. Mix, for a lotion. To be applied by means of linen rags, first made agreeably warm by the addition of a very small quantity of boiling water; or it may be mixed with light poultices. Quin, the homeopathist, has lately much recommended Camphor as a certain cure for Cholera. The following is his form and mode of employing it:-two drams of Camphor are to be dissolved in an ounce and half of spirit of wine. Two drops of this Spirit of Camphor are to be given with a little sugar and water every five minutes, until the symptoms begin to yield, or rather not to increase. If the vomiting be violent, so that it is difficult for the stomach to retain the medicine, a piece of ice the size of a nutmeg, should be given before and after the Camphor. This remedy is only of use in the early stage of the disease and during the absence of the physician. THE CAMPHORATED TOOTH POWDER-Is an elegant dentifrice; the Camphor, being triturated with magnesia, it is rendered more soluble, and the other detergents which are combined with the powder have given it, for its cleansing and antiseptic properties, a general preference. CAMPHORATED SALVOLATILE.-Camphor, combined with Salvolatile, is very efficacious in relieving depression of spirits, spasms, or palpitations. In its present combined form the inconvenience of two bottles is dispensed with, and the preparation occupies but little space; it will, therefore, be found particularly convenient and useful as an immediate remedy for faintness and nervous headaches in crowded and overheated assemblies. It may also be used with advantage as a stimulus to the nostrils in cases of fainting. CAJEPUT OIL-Is powerfully stimulant and diaphoretic in doses of from two to six drops. Put into an aching tooth, upon a piece of cotton wool, it quiets the pain more effectually than any essential oil. It should be applied externally in the form of liniment (the Cajeput Embrocation). The rapid evaporation of the essential oil is thus prevented, and it is rendered more penetrating. In rheumatism, unbroken chilblains, sprains, or bruises, this mode of using it as an embrocation will be found most efficacious. CALUMBA-Is an excellent bitter tonic, being slightly aromatic but free of all astringency. It is most usefully employed in the various forms of dyspepsia, depending on want of tone in the digestive organs and in irritability of the stomach, accompanied with vomiting, when there is no tendency to inflammation. Dr. Thompson recommends the Infusion of Calumba (best made by pouring a pint of cold distilled water over five drams of the sliced Root) for restraining the nausea and vomiting which attend preg nancy. It should be taken in doses of three table spoonsful. From a tea spoonful to a table spoonful of the following Mixture may be given, according to their age, to children who are troubled with diarrhea, occasioning debility during dentition. Calumba, bruised..... Rhubarb, bruised.. Carraway Seeds, bruised. Boiling Water.... scruple .1 scruple 1 scruple .pint Infuse two hours and strain. Add to the strained liquor one tea spoonful of tincture rhubarb, and two of syrup of orange peel. Care, however, should be taken not to check such laxity of the bowels suddenly or unnecessarily, as it is often the comparatively harmless substitute of the more formidable evils that attend teething. CARRAGEEN, OR IRISH MOSS.-This Moss, sometimes sold as Pearl Moss, has long been highly esteemed on the western coast of Ireland as a dietic remedy for various diseases, more especially for consumption, dysentery, scrofula, and affections of the kidney and bladder. A decoction of the Moss, made by boiling half an ounce in a pint and a half of water or milk until reduced to a pint, is recommended as good for children affected with scrofulous and rickety diseases, and for such as are delicate and weakly. "It is absurd," Dr. Christison remarks, "to speak of Carrageen Moss as a tonic, nutritive, and restorative remedy, in the extravagant terms used by some.' CASTOR OIL-Is a very effective, yet mild aperient, usually acting speedily, without irritation; it is peculiarly appropriate in pregnancy, or where increased action of the system is to be particularly avoided. One ounce of Castor Oil, shaken up with two table spoonsful of water gruel, make a smooth emulsion, and conceals its oleaginous taste. Half a dram to a dram, blended with a little sugar, is a common dose for an infant. The energy of Castor Oil as a purgative is much increased by the addition of a little rectified turpentine. Rectified Turpentine. Castor Oil.... Solution Potash.. Aromatic Water. .2 drams .6 drams 20 drops .1 ounce This forms an emulsion of singular efficacy and perfect safety in cases of obstinate constipation, even though other powerful cathartics may have proved fruitless. Castor Oil often excites nausea, to prevent which various means of administering it have been proposed. It may be mixed with gruel as above, or with warm milk, or rubbed up with gum arabic and cinnamon water, or floated upon half a glassful of cold water and a tea spoonful of brandy floated on the oil, and the whole swallowed. In measuring Castor Oil, the spoon, or whatever instrument is used, should be previously dipped in water, to prevent the oil from adhering to it. The dose is from half an ounce to an ounce and half. CAUSTIC. (See Silver Nitrate.) CHALK (PREPARED)-Is often given, especially to children, in cases of looseness and acidity. Five grains may be given to a child five years old, and repeated three times a day. In common diarrhæa, after the bowels have been evacuated by a rhubarb purge, one dram of Prepared Chalk, dissolved in a wine glassful of cinnamon water, with ten or twelve drops of Salvolatile, will rarely fail in quieting them. (See Rhubarb.) Prepared Chalk is used as a dusting powder in moist excoriations, ulcers, burns and scalds, erysepalatous inflammation, &c., with general success. CHIRAITA OR CHIRETTA.-The herb Chiretta has been held, from time immemorial, in great estimation by the natives of Bengal and the European residents there, as a powerful de C obstruent and stomachic medicine. Its effects are not like stomachics in general use, confined to the stomach, but are extended to the abdominal viscera, particularly the liver, the secretion of which is materially improved by it. Its beneficial action Dr. Sigmond considers more permanent than the greater number of bitters; nor does it, as most of the barks, woods, and roots usually employed in dyspeptic cases, ever constipate the bowels. Dr. James Johnson, too, in his work on Tropical Diseases, gives it a high character. The medicinal virtues of Chiretta are imparted to boiling water, and of an infusion, made in the proportion of two drams to a pint, a small wine glassful should be taken twice or three times a day. CHLORINE.-The most efficacious fumigation which has yet been proposed is Chlorine. It was first suggested as a disinfecting agent by Fourcroy, in 1791. The mode in which Chlorine disinfects the atmosphere is not understood, although it is conjectured that it decomposes the infectious matter, which is a compound, by attracting hydrogen. One objection exists to the employment of Chlorine-its being so powerful an irritant to the lining or mucous membrane of the air tubes in the lungs. Morveau endeavoured to surmount this difficulty by means of his permanent apparatus of disinfection, which consisted of a glass vessel encased in wood, having its mouth very accurately closed by means of a ground glass stopper, acted on by a vice. A slight turn of the vice allowed the vapours, by their expansive force, to raise the stopper and mingle with the atmosphere. By means of the vice the issues of gas are regulated at pleasure, whilst the lightness and closeness of the apparatus enable us to remove it readily from one place to another. However ingenious the plan of Morveau may be, and most ingenious it certainly is, this, and perhaps all disinfecting processes, (assuredly all for occupied apartments) are superseded by the Solutions of Chloride of Lime and Soda, more recently introduced by Labarraque. Chemists do not seem fully agreed as to the precise nature of these compounds, but it is only material to know, that they are most powerful disinfecting agents, and that since their introduction by Labarraque they have been applied to every kind of case in which the operation of such agents is requisite, by innumerable scientific persons of various nations, whose testimony is unanimous and loud in their favour. The Chloride of Lime is the preparation which Labarraque recommends for disinfecting apartments; while that of Soda is especially |