that I fix and secure to the body and breast; and No. 8, the other extremity of shoulder and arm, I fix to the handle box or socket by long screws that I pass through the whole, and secure in the manner before described on the landside. My invention and improvements in fixing of the said wheels or rollers in the centre or body part of my said ploughs, I consider of great importance. These wheels or rollers are sometimes open or solid, and hollow or blank wheels or rollers, according to the nature of the work and soil. The wheel or roller that runs on the land side resembles one sometimes made use of in common ploughs. I fix with circular or straight plates of cast or wrought iron, according with the form of the said ridge, arch, or bridge, which plates I fix under the nuts of the screws that pass through the breast, body, and handles, and in said plates I put a sliding groove or mortise, where the strap or arm of the axle part of the said land-side wheel or roller slides into, and is made to shift by a hole and pin or thumb-screw about the centre and body. The wheel or roller that I employ and affix to this side the plough is either a blank or open wheel or roller, as before described, and which I make to travel, move, draw, and glide on, over, and upon, the unbroken earth and ground on the land side. The annexed drawing, letter E, shews at No. 1, the circular arm, straps, or plates of iron, which are made fast at the one extremity to the body, breast, and chaps, and the other extremity to the handle box. The other land-side arm is for the purpose of receiving and holding the other end of said axle of the wheel or roller, which works in the centre and body of the said plough. One end of this arm fixes and screws, or otherwise fastens, on at the top of the breast and chaps on the land side, and the other end is secured to the handle box, in like manner, as before described, in fixing VOL. XXXV.-SECOND SERIES.

L

and

3

2

and securing the arm on the mould-board side. The annexed drawing, letter F, represents this arm No. 4, the shoulder that fixes to the body and breast; No. 2, the other shoulder that is fastened and screws to the handlebox. The upright arm which I affix to some of my ploughs fastens from the centre of the ridge, arch, or bridge (on either side), and is secured to the axle at the other by screws, pins, or otherwise, as before mentioned. Another arm I also make use of and affix across the chaps on the top of the breast on the land side to the axle. The annexed drawing, letter G, represents these two additional or extra arms; No. 4, the upright (for either side of axle); No. 2, the arms from chaps to axle. My invention and improvements in using of a sledge or sledges in place or stead of the wheel or rollers, to the centre or body of my ploughs, is and are also to give facility and ease of draft and motion to my ploughs, which sledge or sledges I form with circular bottoms, corresponding with the same angle of a circle as the wheels or rollers present below the shoe or lower edge of >the mould-board, and varies in the width of edge as do those of the wheels or rollers. These sledges I fix to the breast, body, and mould-board; and also to the handlebox upon the under side, with screws and nuts, or pins sand keys, as before stated. The mould-board or wing (which is after the usual form of mould-boards and wings) I fix with a staple or hook that passes through the breast, und is secured thereon by a pin or key in the usual mansner. The long hole or loop in the breast is made to receive the staples or hook underneath the mould-board, and which admits of the mould-board expanding according to the usual mode of construeting them for the aforesaid purpose. Annexed drawing, letter H, represents the mould-board No, the edge 4bat lies under the coul

ter;

tef; and No. 2, the part that is made to fit under the chaps. The manner in which I put the several parts of my said improved ploughs together, is as follows? I first put the share on to the breast, and when the tenom ift the bottom of the breast is up close, I secure it by draw ing a wedge, as before described, through the cross mortice in the share; I then fix the handles into the handlebox or socket, that unites the back-end of the ridge, arch, or bridge; and next set the scraper to the back of handle-box, where I secure it by an iron strap and wedge; I then fix the arms into the sunk parts of the breast with the screws or pins, as before explained, and the other extremity of the arm I secure by the (already described) screws to the handle and loose piece on the side of box; I next put on the wheel (if a box, wheel, or roller,) to the axle which is cast on to the arm, and fasten it with a linch-pin or nut on the land side; and when the arm is made with a hole to receive the end of an axle fixed in the wheel or roller, then I use the arm or arms on the land side, as before described; I then put into the chaps the beam, and secure it with the two screws that pass through the whole (this beam, if made of wood, I always have turned), as is seen in the annexed drawing, letter J. I next put on the mould-board, as before described, and fasten it to the breast with a pin or wedge through the loop or tongue; I then fix the tail of the mould-board to the arm by a small bow of iron in the usual way. And, lastly, I put on my coulter, across the top of which is an iron strap, by which I secure and fix it with one or more pins or screws to the top of the breast and beam, and all is then secured and made fast. The annexed drawing, letter J, represents the plough when put together. My improved expanding hoeing ploughs have the wheel or roller fixed in the centre or body, and between the wings