ā, ě, I, as in pay, says, Friday. ā, ä, ē, ě, Ĭ, ŭ, as in break, heärt, reap, head, guin'ea, earth. ō, ū, as in beau, beau'ty. ē, ě, ĭ, as in seen, ĕ'er, been. ā, ē, ě, ī, ĭ, as in eight, ceil, heifer, height, for felt. î, ē, ě, ō, ū, u̸, as in Geôrge, peo'ple, léop'ard, yeō'man, feod, surgeon. ū, (y)ū, o, as in feud, Eu'nice, fey-de-joie' (zhwä). y, as in feuill-e-märte. ō, ū, o, as in sew, few, sewer. ū, as in ewes. ā, ē, Ĭ, ī, ē, as in bey, key, valley, eÿ'ing, ĕy'rš.† I, as in car'riage.‡ ē, ĕ, ī, ĭ, as in chief, friend, die, sieve. ŭ, as in re'gión. ū, as in lieu. a, ō, as in broad, boat. ē, ě, ō, o̟, ¤, as in Phoebe, assafoĕ'tida, fõe, shoe, does. ī, û, ĭ, as in boil, avoirdupois, chamois. ō, o, u, û, as in flōor, moon, flood, foot. a, ō, ŏ, o, u, y, as in bôught, court, hough, group, couple, could. * A digraph is a union of signs or letters, but not of sounde. † Ey, in ey-ry, is, according to Worcester, e, ā, ī, or ě, properly ā. + See (equivalents) Table 2, Vowel Elements. ä as Note.-Practice all the sounds and examples successively. Example: "Double a is pronounced ǎ, as in Isaac; ä as in bäa; a-e is pronounced a, as in Bael-fire; in Häer'lem; è as in paê'an, and è as in faĕr'y,” etc. * There are twelve tonic elements or units of speech-six long and six short, fourteen subtonics, and eight atonics. All other sounds whatsoever are more or less closely united combinations of these sounds or elements. There are seven close diphthongs, three having single signs, and four more worthy of single signs. (See Table No. 4, Vowel Combinations.) (1) According to Walker and Webster, är, Russel and Murdoch, di, and Smart and Vandenhoff, ue. The latter seems decidedly the best. (2) According to Worcester and Webster, ôž, and Murdoch and Russel, čí. (3) The sound of h can be classed as a lingual, labial, or palatal, since it is simply an emission of breath. Note.-Practice this table horizontally, as follows: “ē, Ĭ, ā, ě, etc.," by sound, and not by name; practice perpendicularly by sound, as “ē, ñ, ä, a, ō, og, etc.;" practice by pronouncing the words, naming the signs, and producing the sounds, as "ēve, ĕ; ale, ā," etc. TABLE NO. 7. CLASSIFICATION OF THE SUBTONICS AND ATONICS. BY THEIR ORGANIC FORMATION— 1. Labials: m-an, b-abe, p-ipe, v-ine, f-ine, w-ine. 2. Linguals: n-oon, d-id, t-ent, th-is, th-in, s-in, z-inc, r-ill, ull. 3. Palatals: ri-ng, g-o, k-ing, sh-all, a-z-ure, h-ome, y-et. BY THEIR EMISSION AND FORCE I. Abrupts (1) { 1. (Sonant) subtonics, b, d, g. Liquids (3), r, 1. 1. (Sonant) subtonics Nasals (4), m, n, ng. II. Continu ants (2) 2. (Surd) atonics Semi-vowels (5), w, y. Aspirate (6), h. (1) Named "abrupts" because of their explosive emission. (2) Named "continuants" because they can be prolonged. (3) Called "liquids" because they readily and smoothly unite with other consonants. (4) Called "nasals" because the sound is emitted through the nose. (5) Called "semi-vowels" because they possess nearly perfect vocality like the vowels. (6) Called "aspirate" because it is a breath-sound. A 2 *This table should be practiced until every combination can be distinctly pronounced or articulated by itself, independent of words. Ex. 1. Pronounce the word, and then the combination, as rob'd, bd; prob'dst, bdst, etc. Ex. 2. Spell the combination, and then pronounce it, as b, d, bd; b, d, s, t, bdst. Ex. 3. Analyze the words, as bulb, ulb, fb, b; troubl'dst, roubl'dst, oubl'dst, bl'dst, l'dst, 'dst, st, t, etc. TABLE NO. 9. CONSONANT COMBINATIONS. 11 clasp'd. rmd arm'd. str strike. nths tenths. rmdst harm'dst. swing. ntst went'st. th thine. thd breath'd. nzd bronz'd. rnd turn'd. thdst breath'dst. rndst earn'dst. thm rhythm. pld rippl'd. rnst learn'st. thr three. plst rippl'st. ths Ruth's. plz apples. thst breath'st. pr prince. tht scath'd. ps sips. rps harps. pst rapp'st. rpst usurp❜st. thz writhes, paths. pt ripp'd, rapt.rpt warp'd. pts Copts. rptst usurp'dst. tld settl'd. ptst shap❜dst. rs verse. tldst settl'dst. rb herb. tlz nettles. rcht church'd. tr trunk. rchtst lurch'd'st. rchdst perch'dst. rth earth. tst waftst. rbd orb'd. tw twirl. rbdst barb'dst. vd curv'd. vdst liv'dst. vl driv❜l. curve. vld grov'l'd. rvd nerv'd. vldst grov'l'dst. rvdst curv'dst. vlst driv'l'st. rfs turfs. driv'n. rft nerves. vst liv'st. rz lives. rgst urg'st. rzd furz'd. wh when. rgz burgs. sh hush. zd mus'd. rj dirge. sht hush'd. zl dazzle. rjd urg'd. sk muzzl'd. rjdst urg'dst. sks basks. zldst dazzl❜dst. rk ark. zlz muzzles. rkt dirk'd. sld nestl'd. zmz chasms. rktst embark'dst. slz ris'n. sm smile. znd reas'n'd. rld world. znz pris'ns. rldst hurl'dst. zndst impris'n'dst. rlst lisps. |