8. The means to be used, thus to make | to describe them to others with as muen ac known my feelings and thoughts, are tones, curacy as we do any external objects, which words, looks, actions, expression, and silence: we have seen with our material eyes. whence it appears, that the body is the grand medium of communication between myself and others; for by and through the body, are tones, words, looks, and gestures produced. Thus I perceive, that the mind, is the active agent, and the body, the passive agent; that this is the instrument, and that the performer: here I see the elements of mental and vocal philosophy. 9. The third sound of A is broad: ALL, wall, auc-tion, aus-pice; his vaul-ting daugh-ter haul'd the dau-phin in the sauce-pan; the pal-try sauce-box waltz'd in the tea-sau-cer; al-be-it, the mawk-ish au-thor, dined on nau-se-ous sau-sa-ges; the au- [A in ALL-] burn pal-frey draws lau-rel plau-dits; his naugh-ty dwarf got the groat through the fau-cit; he thwar-ted the fal-chion and salted the shawl in false wa-ter; the law-less gaw-ky got in-stall'd in the au-tumn, and de-frau-ded the green sward of its bal-dric awn-ing. Anecdote. Wild Oats. After the first speech, made by the younger Pitt, in the House of Commons, an old member sarcastically remarked,-“I apprehend that the young gentleman has not yet sown all his wild oats." To which Mr. Pitt politely replied, in the course of an elaborate and eloquent rejoinder, “Age has its privilege; and the gentleman him self-affords an ample illustration, that I re tain food enough for GEESE to pick." Proverbs. 1. A calumny, tho' known to be such, generally leaves a stain on the reputation. 2. A blow from a frying pan, tho' it does not hurt, sullies. 3. Fair and softly, go sure and far. 4. Keep your business and conscience well, and they will be sure to keep you well. 5. A man knows no more, to any purpose, than he practices. 6. Bells call others to church, but enter not themselves. 7. Revenge a wrong by forgiving it. 8. Venture not all you have at once. 9. Examine your accounts and your conduct every night. 10. Call me cousin, but don't cozen me. 11. Eaglesfly alone, but sheep flock together. 12. It is good to begin well, but better to end well. 10. CURRAN, a celebrated Irish orator, pre- Theology-includes all religions, both sents us with a signal instance, of what can heathen and christian; and comprehends be accomplished by assiduity and persever- the study of the Divine Being, his laws ance: his enunciation was so precipitate and and revelations, and our duty towards Him confused, that he was called "stuttering Jack and our neighbor. It may be divided into Curran." To overcome his numerous de-four grand divisions; viz. Paganism, Mahomfects, he devoted a portion of every day to edanism, Judaism, and Christianity. The reading and reciting aloud, slowly, and dis-study of Theology is the highest and noblest tinctly, some of the most eloquent extracts in in which we can be engaged: but a mere our language: and his success was so comvlete, that among his excellencies as a speaker, was the clearness of his articulation, and an appropriate intonation, that melodized every sentence. Notes. 1. To make this sound, drop and project the jaw, and shape the mouth as in the engraving: and when you wish to produce a very grave sound, in speech or song, in addition to the above, swell the windpipe, (which will elongate and enlarge the vocal chords,) and form the voice as low as possible in the larynx; for the longer and larger these chords are, the graver will be the voice: also, practice making sounds, while exhaling and inhaling, theoretical knowledge, like the sunbeam on the mountain glacier, may only dazzle-to blind; for, unless the heart is warmed with love to God, and love to man, the coldness and barrenness of eternal death will reign in the soul: hence, the all of Religion relates to life; and the life of Religion is―to do good -for the sake of good. Varieties. He, who studies books alone, will know how things ought to be; and he who studies men, will know how things are 2. If you would relish your food, labor for it; if you would enjoy your raiment, pay for it before you wear it; if you wonld sleep sound to deepen the tones. This sound is broader than the German a. 2. O sometimes has this sound: I thought he caught the cough, when he bought the cloth; he wrought, fought, and sought, but talked naught. 3. Beware of adding an r after we, as lawr, jawr, ap-palled at the thral-dom of Wal-ter Ra-leigh, who was al-mostly, take a clear conscience to bed with yon. fawr, &c. 4. The italic a in the following, is broad. All were ald-ed in the cal-dron of boiling water. 3. The more we follow nature, and obey her laws, the longer shall we live; and the farther we deviate from them, the sooner we shall die. 4. Always carry a few proverbs with you for constant use. 5. Let compulsion be used when necessary; but deception Habits of thought. Thinking is to the mind what digestion is to the body. We may hear, read, and talk, till we are gray; but if we do not think, and analyze our subjects, and look at them in every aspect, and see the ends, causes, and effects, they will be-never. 6. In China, physicians are always of little use to us. In thinking, however, we must think clearly and without confusion, as we would examine objects of sight, in order to get a perfect idea of them. Thinking-is spiritually seeing; and we should always think of things so particularly as to be able under pay, except when their patrons are Nature-is but a name for an effect, Proverbs. 1. All truths must not be told at 11. Words, I see, are among the principal | that one stove would save half the fuel means used for these important purposes; Mr. Y― being present, replied, "Sir, I wil and they are formed by the organs of voice: buy two of them, if you please, and then I these two things, then, demand my first and shall save the whole." particular attention, words and voice; words are composed of letters; and the voice, is the effect of the proper actions of certain parts of the body, called vocal organs, converting air into sound; which two mighty instruments, words and voice, must be examined analytially, and synthetically; without which process I cannot understand any thing. 12. The fourth sound of A is short: AT, aft, add; I had rath-er have a bar-rel of as-par-a-gus, than the en-am-el and ag-ate; the ca-bal for-bade the mal-e [A in AT.] all times. 2. A good servant makes a good master. 3. A man in distress, or despair, does as much as ten. 4. Before you make a friend, eat a peck of salt with him. 5. Passion-will master you, if you do not master your passion. 6. Form is good, but not formality. 7. Every tub must stand on its own bottom. 8. First come, first serv'd Friendship-cannot stand all on one side. 10. Idleness-is the hot-bed of vice and ignorance 11. He that will steal a pin, will steal a better thing. 12. If you lie upon roses when young, you will lie upon thorns when old. fac-tor his ap-par-el-and javelin; Char-i-ty danc'd in the Qualifications of Teachers. Inas gran-a-ry with Cap-ri-corn; much as the nature of no one thing can be the mal-con-tents pass'd thro' Ath-ens in understood, without a knowledge of its origin, Feb-ru-ar-y; his cam-els quaff'd the As- and the history of its formation, the qualifiphal-tic can-al with fa-cil-i-ty; plas-ter the cations of teachers are seen and felt to be so fal-low-ground af-ter Jan-u-ar-y; the adage an-swers on the com-rade's staff; the great, as to induce the truly conscientious to plaid tas-sel is man-u-fac-tur'd in France; exclaim, in view of his duties, "Who is suffihe at-tack'd the tar-iff with rail-le-ry, afcient for these things?" How can we eduter he had scath'd the block and tack-le with cate the child in a way appropriate to his state his ac-id pag-en-try. and relations, without a knowledge of his 13. The more perfect the medium, the mental and physical structure? Is not a better will it subserve the uses of communi-knowledge of psychology and physiology as cation. Now, by analyzing the constituents | necessary to the educator, as the knowledge of words and voice, I can ascertain whether of mechanics is to the maker or repairer of they are in a condition, to answer the varied a watch? Who would permit a man even purposes for which they were given; and fortunately for me, while I am thus analyzing the sounds, of which words are composed, I shall, at the same time, become acquainted with the organs of voice and hearing, and gradually accustom them to the performance of their appropriate duties. Notes. 1. To give the exact sounds of any of the vowels, take words, in which they are found at the beginning, and proceed as if you were going to pronounce the whole word, but stop the instant you have produced the vowel sound; and that is the true one. 2. Beware of clipping this, or any other sound, or changing it: not, I'ka go, you'kn see, they kn come; but, I can go; you can see; they can come. 3. A, in ate, in verbs, is generally long; but in other parts of speech of more than one syllable, it is usually short; unless under some accent: as-intimate that to my intimate friend; educate that delicate and obstinate child; he calculates to aggravate the case of his affectionate and unfortunate wife; ⚫he compassionate son meditates how he may alleviate the condition of his disconsolate mother; vindicate your consulate's honor; depre to repair a watch, (much less hire a man to eate an unregenerate heart, by importunate prayer; the prelate may be seen, as it respects a, for instance, in ren-e-gade, mem-brane, ing a slight accent on the last syllable; and others having the a preceded, or followed by a vocal consonant: see previous Note 3. 5. A letter is called short, when it cannot be prolonged in Speech, though it can in Song,) without altering its form; and long, when It can be prolonged without such change: therefore, we call a sound long, or short, because it is seen and felt to be so: as, cold, hot; pale, mat: in making a long sound the glottis is kept open in Varieties. 1. If one were as eloquent as an angel, he would please some folks, much more by listening, than by speaking. 2. An upright politician asks-what recommends a man; a corrupt one-who recommends him. 3. Js any law independent of its maker? 4. Kind words-cost no more than unkind ones Anecdote. Saving Fuel. Some time ago, 5. Is it not better to be wise than rich? 6 when modern stoves were first introduced, The power of emphasis-depends on concenand offered for sale in a certain city, the ven- tration. 7. Manifested wisdom-infers de der remarked, by way of recommending them, | sign. definitely; and in making a short one, it is closed suddenly, produeing an abrupt sound, like some of the consonants. 11. There are then, it appears, two kinds of language; an artificial, or conventional language, consisting of words; and a natural language, consisting of tones, looks, actions, expression, and silence; the former is addressed to the eye, by the book, and to the ear, by speech, and must thus be learned; the lalter--addresses itself to both eye and ear, at the same moment, and must be thus acquired, so far as they can be acquired. To become an Elocutionist, I must learn both these languages; that of art and science, and that of the passions, to be used according to my subject and object. [E in EEL.] 18. That the body may be free, to act in accordance with the dictates of the mind, ai unnatural compressions and contractions must be avoided; particularly, cravats and stocks so tight around the neck, as to interfere with the proper action of the vocal organs, and the free circulation of the blood; also, tigh waistcoats; double suspenders, made tighter with straps; elevating the feet to a point horizontal with, or above, the seat; and lacing, of any description, around the waist, impeding the freedom of breathing naturally and healthfully. Anecdote. True Modesty. When Washington had closed his career, in the French 15. E has two regular sounds; first, and English war, and become a member of its name sound, or long: the House of Burgesses, in Virginia, the EEL; e-ra, e-vil; nei-ther Speaker was directed, by a vote of the house, de-ceive nor in-vei-gle the to return thanks to him, for the distinguished seam-stress; the sleek ne-gro services he had rendered the country. As bleats like a sheep; Ca-sar's e-dict pre-cedes the e-poch of soon as Washington took his seat, as a memtre-mors; the sheik's beard ber, Speaker Robinson proceeded to discharge stream'd like a me-te-or; the ea-gle shriek'd the duty assigned him; which he did in such his pe-an on the lea; the e-go-tist seemed a manner as to confound the young hero; pleas'd with his ple-na-ry leis-ure to see the who rose to express his acknowledgments; co-te-rie; E-ne-as Leigh reads Mo-sheim but such was his confusion, that he was on the e-dile's heath; the peo-ple tre-pann'd speechless; he blushed, stammered, and tremthe fiend for jeer-ing his prem-ier; his liege, bled for a short time; when the Speaker reat the or-gies, gave e-il-iads at my niece, lieved im by saying-"Sit down, Mr. Washwho beat him with her be-som, like a cav-ington; your modesty is equal to your valor; and that-surpasses the power of any language that I possess." a-lier in Greece. 16. Since the body is the grand medium, for communicating feelings and thoughts, (as above mentioned,) I must see to it, that each part performs its proper office, without infringement, or encroachment. By observation and experience, I perceive that the mind uses certain parts for specific purposes; that the larynx is the place where vocal sounds are made, and that the power to produce them, is derived from the combined action of the abdominal and dorsal muscles. Both body and mind are rendered healthy and strong, by a proper use of all their organs and faculties. Proverbs. 1. A blythe heart makes a blooming visage. 2. A deed done as an end. 3. A great city, a great solitude 4. Desperate cutsmust have desperate cures. 5. All men are not men. 6. A stumble-may prevent a fall. 7. A fool always comes short of his reckoning. 8. Beggars must not be choosers. 9. Better late, than never. 10. Birds of a feather flock together. 11. Nothing is lost in a good market. 12. All is well, that ends well. 13. Like priest, like people. Varieties. 1. The triumphs of truth-are 17. Irregular Sounds. I and Y often the most glorions, because they are bloodless; have this sound; as-an-tique, ton-time; the deriving their highest lustre-from the numpo-lice of the bas-tile seized the man-da-rin ber of the saved, instead of the slain. 2. Wisfor his ca-price at the mag-a-zine; the u-dom-consists in employing the best means, nique fi-nan-cier, fa-tigued with his bom-bazine va-lise, in his re-treat from Mo-bile, lay by the ma-rines in the ra-vine, and ate verdi-gris to re-lieve him of the cri-tique. Sheridan, Walker and Perry say, yea yea, and nay nay, making the e long; but Johnson, Entick, Jamieson and Webster, and the author, pronounce yea as if spelled yay. Words derived immediately from the French, according to the genius of that language, are accented on the last syllables;-ca-price, fa-tigue, po-ware of violating the laws of Life, and you ments, or the inhabitants of heaven. 7. Belice, &c. Sorrow-treads heavily, and leaves behind to accomplish the most important ends. 3. He, who would take you to a place of vice, or immorality, is not your real friend. 4. If gratitude-is due from man-to man. how much more, from man-to his Maker! 5. Arbitrary power-no man can either give, or hold; even conquest cannot confer it: hence, law, and arbitrary power-are at eternal enmity. 6. They who take no delight in virtue, cannot take any-either in the employ will always be met in mercy, and not in The calm of that old reverend brow, the glow Of sunlight-in the pauses of a storm. Notes. 1. To make this sound of E, arop 'e under jaw open the mouth wide, as indicated by the engraving, so as to pre vent it from becoming in the least nasal. 2. E in ent, ence, and u. 3. When e precedes two r's (rr,) it should always have this 19. Having examined the structure of the body, I see the necessity of standing, at first, on the left foot, and the right foot a few inches from it, (where it will naturally ess, generally has this sound; tho' sometimes it slides into short fall, when raised up,) and pointing its heel sound: as err, er-ror, mer-it, cher-ry, wher-ry: but when followed toward the hollow of the left foot; of throw-by only one r, it glides into short u, tho' the under jaw should be ing the shoulders back, so as to protrude the much depressed: as-the merchant heard the clerk calling on the chest, that the air may have free ac-cess to ser-geant for iner-cy; let the ter-ma-gant learn that the pearls were the air cells of the lungs; of having the jerked from the rob-ber in the tav-ern. I similarly situated in upper part of the body quiescent, and the certain words: the girls and birds in a mirth-1 air-de, mang dis mind concentrated on the lower muscles, e-ven the shov-els are broken in the oven; a weasel opera the n until they act voluntarily. el, with a sick-ening sniv-el; driven by a deaf-ening title from heav-en, he was often taken and shaken till he was softened and ri-pened seven, e-leven or a doz-en times. 6. The long vowels are open and continuous; the short ones are shut, abrupt, or discrets, and end as soon as made. Anecdote. 20. The second sound of E is short: [E in ELL.] ges to the virgin: see short u. 4. E is silent in the last syflable of→ lawyer, to avenge himself on an opponent, wrote "Rascal" in his hat. The owner of the hat took it up, looked rue. fully into it, and turning to the judge, exclaimed, "I claim the protection of this honorable court;-for the opposing counsel has written his name in my hat, and I have strong suspicion that he intends to make off with it." Proverbs. 1. Make both ends meet. 2. Fair ELL; edge, en; the dem-ocrat's eq-ui-page was a leather eph-od; the es-quire leap'd from a ped-es-tal into a kettle of eggs; a lep-er clench'd the eph-a, zeal-ous of the eb-on feath-er, and held it stead-y; get the non-pa-reil weap-ons for the recon-dite her-o-ine; the ap-pren-tice for-gets the shek-els lent the deaf prel-ate for his her-o-ime; the clean-ly leg-ate held the tepid mead-ow for a spe-cial home-stead; stere-o-type the pref-ace to the ten-ets as a prel-play-is a jewel. 3. Proverbs existed before books. ude to our ed-i-ble re-tro-spec-tions; yes-All blood is alike ancient. 5. Beauty—is only skin ter-day I guess'd the fet-id yeast es-caped deep. 6. Handsome is, that handsome does. 7. with an ep-i-sode from the ep-ic into the One fool makes many. 8. Give every one his due. pet-als of the sen-na; the pres-age is im- 9. No rose without a thorn. 10. Always have a press'd on his ret-i-na in-stead of the keg of few maxims on hand for change. phlegm. 21. In these peculiar exercises of voice are contained all the elements, or principles of articulation, accent, emphasis and expression; and, by their aid, with but little exertion, I shall be enabled to economize my breath, for protracted vocal efforts, and impart all that animation, brilliancy and force, that reading, speaking and singing ever require. Sublimity and Pathos. As weak lights are obscured, when surrounded by the dazzling rays of the sun, so, sublimity, poured around on every side, overshadows the arti fices of rhetoric: the like of which occurs in painting; for, tho' the light and shade, lie near each other, on the same ground, yet, the light first strikes the eye, and not only appears projecting, but much nearer Thus, 22. Irregulars. A, I, U, and Y, some- too, in composition, the sublime and pathetic times have this sound: as-an-y, or man-y-being nearer our souls, on account of some pan-e-gyr-ists of Mar-y-land said,-the bur-natural connection and superior splendor, are y-ing ground a-gainst the world; says the lan-cet to the trum-pet-get out of my way a-gain, else the bur-i-al ser-vice will be said over you in the black-ness of dark-ness; there is sick-ness in the base-ment of our plan-et, from the use of as-sa-fœt-i-da, in-stead of herrings: never say sus-pect for ex-pect, businiss for busi-ness, pay-munt for pay-ment, nor gar-munts for gar-ments. 23. As much depends on the quality of which any thing is made, I must attend to the manner, in which these sounds are produced, and see that they are made just right; each having its appropriate weight, form, and quantity. Taking the above position, and opening the mouth wide, turning my lips a little out all round, trumpet fashion, and keeping my eyes on a horizontal level, and inhaling full breaths, I will expel these sixteen vowel sounds into the roof of my mouth, with a suddenness and force similar to the crack of a thong, or the sound of a gun. An ape-is an zpe, a varlet-is a varlet, always more conspicuous than figures; they conceal their art, and keep themselves veiled from our view. Sounds. 1. The whole sound made is not in the whole air only; but the whole sound is in every particle of air: hence, all sound will enter a small cranny unconfused. 2. At too great a distance, one may hear sounds of the voice, but not the words. 3. One articulate sound confounds another; as when many speak at once. 4. Articulation requires a mediocrity of loudness. Varieties. 1. See how we apples swim 2. He carries two faces. 3. Strain at a gate and swallow a saw-mill. 4. Who is the true gentleman? He whose actions make him such. 5. A sour countenance is a manifest sign of a froward disposition. 6. Speak-as you mean; do-as you profess, and perform what you promise. 7. To be as nothing, is an exalted state: the omnipotence of the heavens-exists in the truly humbled heart Whatever way you wend, Consider well the end. 24. I observe that there are three distinct Proverbs. 1. A crowd, 's not company. 2. principles involved in oral words, which A drowning man will catch at a straw. 3. Half are their essences, or vowel sounds; their a loaf is better than no bread. 4. An ill workforms, or the consonants attached to them, man quarrels with his tools. 5. Better be alon and their meaning, or uses. By a quick, than in bad company. 6. Count not your chick combined action of the lower muscles upon ens before they are hatched. 7. Every body's their contents, the diaphragm is elevated so business, is nobody's business. 8. Fools-make as to force the air, or breath, from the lungs feasts, and wise men eat them. 9. He that will into the windpipe, and through the larynx, not be counselled, cannot be helped. 10. If it were where it is converted into vowel sounds; not for hope, the heart would break. 11. Kindwhich, as they pass out through the mouth, ness will creep, when it cannot walk. 12. Oil and the glottis, epiglottis, palate, tongue, teeth, truth will get uppermost at last. lips, and nose, make into words. General Intelligence. It is a signal 25. I has two regular sounds: First, improvement of the present day, that the a its NAME sound, or long: ISLE; ire, -o-dine: Gen-tiles o-blige tions and reactions of book-learning, and of their wines to lie for sac-chageneral intelligence-are so prompt, so inrine li-lacs to ex-pe-dite their fetense, and so pervading all ranks of society. line gibes; the ob-lique grind The moment a discovery is made, a principle stone lies length-wise on the hodemonstrated, or a proposition advanced, 71-zon; a tiny le-vi-a-than, on I in ISLE.] through the medium of the press, in every the heights of the en-vi-rons of Ar-gives, part of the world; it finds, immediately, a as-pires to sigh through the mi-cro-scope; host, numberless as the sands of the sea, pre. the e-dile likes spike-nard for his he-li-a-pared to take it up, to canvass, confirm, recal ti-a-ra; the mice, in tri-ads, hie from the aisle, si-ne di-e, by a vi-va vo-ce vote; the bi-na-ry di-gest of the chrys-ta-line ma-gi, was hir'd by the choir, as a si-ne-cure, for a li-vre. 26. These vocal gymnastics produce astonishing power and flexibility of voice, making it strong, clear, liquid, musical and governable; and they are as healthful as they are useful and amusing. As there is only one straight course to any point, so, there is but one right way of doing any thing, and every thing. If I wish to do any thing well, I must first learn how; and if I begin right, and keep so, every step will carry me forward in accomplishing my objects. Notes. .Y, in some words, has this sound; particularly, when accented, and at the end of certain nouns and verbs: the ly. ce-um's al-ly proph-e-cy to the dynasty to mag-ni-fy other's faults, but min-i-fy its own. 2. This first dip-thongal sound begins nearly like 2d A, as the engraving indicates, and ends with the sarue sound of e(a~e.) 3. I is not used in any purely English word as a final letter; y being its representative in such a position. 4. When I commences a word, and is in a syllable by itself, if the cent be on the succeeding syllable, it is generally long: as, i-de-a, i-den-ti-fy, i-dol-a-try, i-ras-ci-ble, i-ron-i-cal, i-tal-ic, i-tin-e-ract, &c. It is long in the first syllables of vi-tal-i-ty, di-am-e-ter, di-ur nal, di-lern-ma, bi-en-ni-al, cri-te-ri-on, chi-me-ra, bi-og-ra-phy, lie-tious, gi-gan-tic, pri-me-val, vi-bra-tion, &c. 5. In words de rived from the Greek and Latin, the prefixes bi, (twice,) and tri, (thrice,) the I is generally long. Anecdote. Seeing a Wind. "I never saw such a wind in all my life," said a man, during a severe storm, as he entered a temperance hotel. "Saw a wind!" observed another," What did it look like?" "Like!" said the traveller, "why, like to have blown my hat off." ON A MUMMY. Why should this worthless tegument-endure, fute, or pursue it. At every water-fall, or the line of every canal and rail-road, in the counting-room of every factory and mercantile establishment; on the quarter-deck of every ship that navigates the high seas; on the farm of every intelligent husbandman; in the workshop of every skillful mechanic; at the desk of every school-master; in the of fice of the lawyer; in the study of the physi cian and clergyman, at the fireside of every man who has the elements cf a good education, not less than in the professed retreats of learning, there is an intellect to seize, to weigh, and to appropriate the suggestions, whether they belong to the world of science, of tenets, or of morals. Varieties. 1. Ought women be allowed to vote? 2. Nothing is troublesome, that we do willingly. 3. There is a certain kind of pleasure in weeping; grief-is soothed and alleviated, by tears. 4. Labor hard in the field of observation, and turn every thing to a good account. 5. What is a more lovely sight, than that of a youth, growing up under the heavenly influence of goodness and truth? 6. To speak ill, from knowledge, shows a want of character; to speak ill-upon sus. picion, shows a want of honest principle 7. To be perfectly resigned in the whole je and in its every desire, to the will and govern. ance of the Divine Providence, is a worship most pleasing in the sight of the Lord. To me, tho' bath'd in sorrow's dew, I lov'd thee, when thy woes were few That face, in joy's bright hour, was fair, Tho' somewhat pale thy brow; |