376. INTONATIONS. The intonations are opposite to monotones, and mean the rise and fall of the voice, in its natural movements through a sentence: they are demonstrated in music, and here, in elocution. In all common kinds of reading and speaking, the voice should not generally rise and fall more than one note, in its passage from syllable to syllable, and from word to word: its movement will then be gentle, easy and flowing. But when the passion, or sentiment to be exhibited, is powerfully awakening or exciting, it may rise or fall several notes, according to the predominance of feeling. 377. Our (6) SIGHT-is the most (4) per fect, and most (5) delightful — of all our Proverbs 1. A clear cmscience fears no accusation. 2. An open door will tempt a saint. 3 Confidence is the companion of success: 4. Cruelty to a woman is-the crime of a monster. 5. A smart reproof is better than smooth deceit. 6. A dd not trouble to the grief-worn heart. 7. Affectation is at best a deformity. 8. Bear misfortunes with patience and fortitude. 9. A good maxim is never 11. A wise man wants but little. 12. Knowledg: -makes no one happy. out of season. 10. Ambition-never looks behind. Anecdote. A tragedy of Eschylus war once represented before the Athenians, in which it was said of one of the characters, "that he cared more to be just, than to appear so." At these words, all eyes were instantly turned upon Aristides, as the man who, of all the Greeks, most merited that distinguish ed character: and ever after he received, by universal consent, the surname of “The Just." Courtesy. St. Paul, addressing himself to christians of all grades and classes, even down senses. (4) It fills the mind with the largest variety of (3) ideas; (5) converses with its objects at the greatest (6) distance; and continues the longest in (5) action, without being (4) tired-or (3) satiated, with its proper enjoyments. The (6) sense of (S) FEELING, can, indeed, give us the idea of (5) extension, to menial servants, exhorts them to be cour(6) shape, and all other properties of matter, teous. Courteousness-must mean, therefore, th't are perceived by the (5) eye, except (4) colors. (3) At the same time-it is very much a (5) straightened—and (4) confined in its operations, to the (3) number, (4) bulk, and (5) distance, of its peculiar objects. 378. When we read, or speak, without any feeling, the voice ranges between our first and fourth notes; when there is a moderate degree of feeling, and the subject somewhat interesting, it ranges between our second and sixth notes; when there is a high degree of feeling and interest, it ranges between our fourth and eighth notes; descending, how ever, to the third and first, in a cadence, or close of the effort. It is highly necessary to keep the voice afloat, and never let it run aground; that is, let the feeling and thought keep it on the proper pitches, and do not let it descend to the first, or ground-note, till the piece is completed; except in depressed monotony. Memorize the preceding, and talk it off in an easy, graceful and appropriate manner. something, which is within the reach of all sense, is exactly such a behavior, as spontasorts of people; and, in its primary and best neously springs from a heart, warm with benevolence, and unwilling to give needless pain, or uneasiness to a fellow-being. We have no more right, wantonly or carelessly to wound the mind, than to wound the body of a fellow-being; and, in many instances, the former-is the more cruel of the two. Varieties. 1. Some start in life, withoul any leading object at all; some, with a mo aim, and some, with a high one; and just in proportion to the elevation at which they aim, will generally be their success. 2. Guard against fraud, and imposition; and forego some advantages, rather than gain them at a risk, that cannot be ascertained. 3. In the determination of doubtful and intricate cases, the nicest discrimination, and great solidity of judgment, are required. 4. We have an instinctive expectation of finding nature Abstract Question. Which is more pro-and true to herself; but whence this expec everywhere the same,—always consistent, bable, that our judgment, in respect to external phenomena, has been warped, by compar-native air of true freedom, to alter, expand, tation? 5. Is there not something in the ing their operations with those of the mind; or, that our metaphysical mistakes have been occasioned, by forming a false analogy between its internal operations, and outward appearances? The midnight moon-serenely smiles And varying schemes of life-no more and improve the external form, as well as the internal? 6. Is not affluence-a snare, and poverty, a temptation? 7. Man is a true epitome of the spiritual world, or world of mind; and to know himself, is the perfection of wisdom. 379. INTONATIONS AND MELODY OF SPEECH. By the first-is meant the movement of the voice through the different notes of the scale, As-cending and DE-scending, with an appropriate and agreeable variety of sounds; by the second, an agreeable succession of sounds, either in speech or song. A dull repetition of words or sounds, on nearly the same pitch, is very grating to the ear, and disgusting to correct taste; and yet it is one of the most common faults of the bar, the senate and pulpit; indeed, in every pace where there is public speaking: which is the melancholy result of the usual course of teaching children to read. 380. EXAMPLES PARTIALLY EXHIBITED. Laconics. 1. By minding our own business, we shall be more useful, more benevolent, more respected, and ten times happier. 2. That student will live miserably, who lies down, like a camel, under his burden. 3. Remember, while you live, it is by looks-that men deceive. 4. A indeed the wisest foe. 5. He, who confides in a foolish friend may cause more woe, Than could person of no honor, may consider himself very tion of mankind is such, that we must not believe lucky, if he is not a sufferer by it. 6. The condievery smooth speech-the cover of a kind intention. 7. Who is wise? He who learns from every one. 8. Who is rich? He, who is contented. 9. Nothing is so dumb--as deep emotion. 10. Where there is much mystery, there is generally much ignorance. 11. Catch not soon at offence. 12. 1 (5) Seest thou a man (5) diligent in his (6) bu-Whoso loseth his spirits, loseth all. Anecdote. Choice of a Husband. An Athenian, who was hesitating, whether to give his daughter in marriage to a man of worth with a small fortune, or to a rich man, who had no other recommendation, went to consult Themistocles on the subject. “I would bestow my daughter," said Themistocles, "upon a man without money, rather than upon money without a man." 381. PROMISCUOUS EXAMPLES WITHOUT NOTATION. The predominant characteristic of the female mind is affection: and that of the male mind is thought: tho' both have affection and thought; but disparity-does not imply inferiority. The sexes are intended for different spheres of life, and are created in conformity to their destination, by Him, who bids the oak-brave the fury of the tempest, and the Alpine flower-lean its cheek on the bosom of eternal snow. Abstract Questions. Is not that propensity of the human mind, which seeks for a medium of communication, between two physical phenomena, to be traced to the fact, that every admitted truth, is derived from a medium of knowledge; and that there is a connection among all intellectual phenomena; so much so, that we cannot conceive a new idea, without a medium of communication? True Philosophy-consists in doing all the good that we can, in learning all the good we can, in teaching to others all the good we can, in bearing, to the best of our ability, the various ills of life, and in enjoying, with gratitude, every honest pleasurethat comes in our way. Varieties. 1. Should not our intentions, as well as our actions-be good? 2. True love-is of slow growth, mutual and reciprocal, and founded on esteem. 3. Graces, and accomplishments—are too often designed for beaux-caching, and coquetry. 4. There is time for all things. 5. An individual—inclined to magnify every good, and minify every evil-must be a pleasing companion, or partner—for life,—whether male or fe male. 6. Knowledge-is not wisdom; it is only the raw material, from which the beautiful fabric of wisdom is produced; therefore, let us not spend our days in gathering materials, and live, and die, without a shelter. 7. Every evil-has its limit; which, when passed, plunges the wicked into misery. 8. One thief in the house, is more to be dreaded than ten-in the street. 9. The more haste, generally the worst speed. 10. The moral government, under which we live, is a kingdom of uses; and whatever we possess, is given us for use; and with it, the opportunity and power of using it. Thou art, O God, the life and light 382. INTONATIONS CONTINUED. Lister. attentively, to a person under the influence of nature, of his own feelings and thoughts: he relates stories, supports arguments, commands those under his authority, speaks to persons at a distance, utters exclamations of anger and rage, joy and rapture, pours forth lamentations of sorrow and grief, breathes affection, love, &c. in different pitch es, tones, qualities, emphasis, inflection, and circumflexes, elevations and depressions of voice. The only possibility of success, therefore, is to get perfect control of the vocal organs, by practicing these principles, and conforming the whole manner to the sense and objects of the composition. 383. INTONATION AND MELODY. These examples are given as general guides; the figures refer to the notes in the Diatonic Scale. 1. (4) But, (5) from the (4) tomb, (5) the (4) voice of (5) nature (6) cries, (6) And, (5) in our (4) ashes, (5) live (4) their won-(3) ted (2) fires. 2. But (5) yonder comes, (4) rejoicing in the (6) EAST, (5) The (4) powerful (3) king of (2) day. 3. (6) AwAKE! (6) ARISE! (6) or (5) be (3) forever (2) fallen. 4. (3) He expired in a (5) victualing-house, (4) which I hope (5) I (3) shall (2) not. 7. (5) Fair (6) angel, thy (5) desire, which tends to (6) KNOW The works of (5) God, doth (4) merit (3) praise. 8 (5) Such (4) honors Ilion to (6) HER lover paid, And (5) peaceful slept (4) the mighty (3) Hector's (2) shade. Note, Construct a scale on faint ruled paper, and place the words on it as indicated; the same as notes are on the musical staff. Proverbs. 1. Th remedy for injuries 15not to remember them. 2. To read, ard not under. stand, is to pursue, and not overtake. 3. Truth refines, but does not obscure. 4. He who teaches, often learns himself. 5. Worth-has been under rated, ever since wealth-has been overrated. 6 injure a truth. 7. A man in a passion, rides a Antiquity-cannot sanction an error, nor novelty horse that runs away with him. 8. A small leak will sink a great ship. 9. Never forget a good turn. 10. Lying-is the vice of a slave. 11. Self conceit-is the attendant of ignorance. 12. The love of society is natural. Anecdote. The emperor of China, inquired of Sir George Staunton, about the manner in which physicians were paid in England. When he was made to understand what the practice was, he exclaimed," Can any man in England afford to be ill? Now, I have four physicians, and pay all of them a weekly salary; but the moment I am sick, that salary is stopped, till I am well again; therefore, my indisposition is never of long duration." Woman. The prevailing manners of an age depend, more than we are aware of, or are willing to allow, on the conduct of the women: this is one of the principal things on which the great machine of human society turns. Those, who allow the influence which. female graces have in contributing to polish the manners of men, would do well to reflect, how great an influence female morals must also have on their conduct. How much, then, is it to be regretted, that women-should ever sit down, contented, to polish, when they are able to reform—to entertain, when they might instruct. Nothing delights men more than their strength of understanding, when Miscellaneous. 1. Beauty-is the outward form of goodness: and this is the reason, we love it instinctively, without think-true gentleness of manners is its associate; ing why we love: but we cease to love, when we find it unaccompanied with truth and goodness. 2. Make not your opinions, the criterion of right and wrong: but make right and wrong-the criterion of your actions and principles. united, they become irresistible orators, bless'd with the power of persuasion, fraught with the sweetness of instruction, making woman the highest ornament of human nature. Varieties. 1. Fear-is a bad preserver of anything intended to endure; but loveFew-bring back at eve, will generally ensure fidelity, even to the end. Immaculate, the manners of the morn; 2. He, who knowingly defends the wrong Something we thought—is blotted, we resolved-side of a question, pays a very bad compli Is shaken, we renounced-returns again. There is no greater punishment of viceThan that it have its own will; Hence, guilty-infernal love becomes the Most deadly hate. The intent, and not the deed, is in our power; and therefore, who DARES greatly, Does greatly. 6. Words are things; a small drop of ink, (falling like dew-) upon thought, produces that, which makes thousands, perhaps MILLIONS think. 7. Something-is at all times-flowing into us. Too much the beautiful-we prize, ment to his hearers: as much as to say; False hood, supported by my talents, is stronger than truth, supported by yours. 3. Before a man should be convicted of a libel, the jury must be satisfied, that it was his intention tc libel; not to state facts, which he believed to be true, or, reasonings, which he thought just. 4. The difference between the word of God, and the compositims of man, is as great, as between real flame and painted flame. 5. Dissimulation, even the most innon, is ever productive of embarrassments; whether the design is evil, or not, artifice is always dangerous, and almost inevitably dis graceful. 384. REVISIONS. Let all the preceding principles be reviewed, with an illustration of each, and endeavor to fix them, permanently, in the mind, by seeing their truth, and feeling their power in practice; so that you can write a work yourself on the philosophy of mind and voice. Remember, that nothing is yours, till you make it your own, by understanding it scientifically, rationally and affectuously, and then by applying it to its proper object: do not forget effects, causes, ends, their successive order, and simultaneous development. EVE'S LAMENT ON LEAVING PARADISE. O, unexpected stroke, worse than of Death! Laconics. 1. The grea battle and contest among politicians is not how the government shall be administered, but who shall administer it. 2. They who go to church out of vanity, or curosity, and not for worship and instruction, should not value themselves on account of their religion, for it is not worth a straw. 3. Allow time for is done by force or violence. 4. Occasional mirth, consideration; everything is badly executed, that is not incompatible with wisdom; and the man of reserved habits, may sometimes be gay. 5. Happy dangers, in which others are involved. 6. Eloare they, who draw lessons of prudence-from the quence-can pierce the reluctant wonder of the world, and make even monarchs tremble on their thrones. Anecdote. Spinola. "Pray, of what did your brother die ?" said the Marquis Spinola, one day to Sir Horace Vere. "He died, sir," replied he," of having nothing to do." "Alas! O flowers, (that never will in other climate grow,) sir," said Spinola, "that is enough to kill any My early visitation, and my last At ev'n, which I bred up, with tender hand, And wild? How shall we breathe in other air, general of us all." Mostesquieu says, "We, in general, place idleness among the beatitudes of heaven; it should rather, I think, be put amid the tortures of hell. Austin calls it -the burying a man alive." Female Education. How greatly is it to be regretted, that for the benefit of both sexes, women are not generally so educated, that their conversations might be still much more useful to us, as well as beneficial to themselves! If, instead of filling their heads 385. How mean,-how timid,-how ab- with trifles, or worse than trifles, they were ject, must that spirit be, which can sit down, early taught what might be really useful, -contented with mediocrity. As for myself they would not then be so continually in —all that is within me is on fire. I had ra- pursuit of silly, ridiculous, expensive, and ther be torn into a thousand pieces, than relax many times criminal amusement; neither my resolution, of reaching the sublimest would their conversation be so insipid and heights of virtue-and knowledge, of good-impertinent, as it too often is. On the conness-and truth, of LOVE-and WISDOM. trary, were their minds properly improved Nothing is so arduous,-nothing SO ADMIR- with knowledge, which it is certain they are ABLE, in human affairs, but may be attained exceedingly capable of, how much more by the industry of man. We are descended agreeable would they be to themselves, and from heaven; thither let us go, whence we how much more improving and delightful to derive our origin. Let nothing satisfy us, us? How truly charming does beauty ap lower than the summit of all excellence. pear, when adorned by good nature, good Nominalists and Realists. The Nom-sense, and knowledge? And when beauty inalists -were a sect, the followers of Ros-fades, as soon it must, there will then be celinus and Abelard: according to these those qualities and accomplishments remainphilosophers, there are no existences in na-ing, which cannot fail to command great re ture corresponding to general terms, and the gard, esteem, and affection. objects of our attention in all our general speculations, are not ideas, but words. The Realists were their opponents, and adhered to the principles of Aristotle. Oft-may the spirits of the dead-descend To watch-the silent slumbers of a friend; To hover-round his evening walk-unseen, And hold sweet converse-on the dusky green; To hail the spot-where first their friendship grew, And heaven-and nature-opened to their view. Oft, when he trims his cheerful hearth, and sees A smiling circle-emulous to please, There may these gentle guests-delight to dwell, And bless the scene -they loved in life so well. VARIETIES. But-shall we wear these glories for a day, In faith, and hope, the world will disagree, 386. As so much depends upon the proper Laconics. 1. The antidote, is he banc ful n novement of the voice, through the different fluence of flattery is, for every one to zamine notes of the scale, and as our primary in- himself, and truly estimate his own qualities, and struction in reading is often diametrically op- character. 2. Let us make ourselves steadfast in posed to what is natural, it is deemed neceswhat is certainly true, and we shall be able to sary to be more explicit in directions, as well answer objections, or reject them as unworthy of an answer. 3. Argument-cannot disprove fact; no as in exemples. Imitate, with the voice, actwo opposing facts can be produced; all objec companied by corresponding motions of the hand, the gentle undulations of the waters,ucation-includes all the influences, that serve to tions to a fact must therefore be negative. 4. Ed. when the waves run moderately high; let- unfold the faculties, and determine the char ting the movement of your voice resemble acter; thus involving the mental, and physical. 5 that of a small boat. Observe the various To render good for evil, is God-like; to render movements of different kinds of birds through good for good, is man-like; to render evil for evil, is the air, some bobbing up and down, others beast-like; to render evil for good-is devil-like. moving more gracefully; some flapping their Varieties. Has a wise and good God-wings, others sailing, soaring: but the move-furnished us with desires, which have no corments of the voice are infinitely more vari- respondent objects, and raised expectations ous than all other external motions; for it in our breasts, with no other view but to disappoint them? Are we to be forever in search of happiness, without arriving at it, either in this world or in the next? Are we formed with a passionate longing for immortality, and yet destined to perish, after this short period of existence? Are we promptfires ed to the noblest actions, and supported through life, under the severest hardships and most delicate temptations, by the hopes of a reward, which is visionary and chimerical,--by the expectation of praises, of which it is utterly impossible for us, ever to have the least knowledge or enjoyment? contains them all. 8. 6. THE EIGHT NOTES OF THE SCALE. cries, and 5. from the the nature in our es live tomb voice of 4. But 3. 2. I ash their won ted Blessed-we sometimes are! and I am now O, there is joy-and happiness, Which bids my soul rise up-and bless The God, that blesses me Method. In speaking extempore, or in writing, METHOD, or the proper arrangement of the thoughts, is of the first importance; to attain which, you must fix, in your mind, the precise object you have in view, and never lose sight of it; then, determine the grand divisions; which should be natural, and distinct; not an unnecessary thought, or illustration-should be admitted: and even in the amplification of the subject, every part should have its proper place, and all -present a whole. Anecdote. Mr. Summerfield. It is said, of the late Mr. Summerfield, that being asked by a bishop, where he was born, he replied, "I was born in England, and born again in Ireland." "What do you mean ?" inquired the bishop. " Art thou a master in Israel, and knowest not these things?" was the reply. Effects of Knowledge. The more widely knowledge is spread, the more will they be prized, whose happy lot it is-to ex tend its bounds, by discovering new truths, to multiply its uses-by inventing new modes of applying it in practice. Real knowledge -never prompted either turbulence, or unbelief; but its progress is the forerunner of liberality and enlightened toleration. Who so dreads these, let him tremble; for he may be well assured, that their day is at length come, and must put to sudden flight the evil spirits of tyranny and persecution, which haunted the long night, now gone down the sky. VARIETIES. Soft peace she brings wherever she arrives; That frowns o'er many a wave-beat shore ; And deck its rough bark-sweetly o'er. |