1 a. The common Metals, as Iron, Copper, Ziuc, 3. Methods of preparing for use the nobler Metals, as 5. Alloys, and methods of rendering more generally a. Statuary, bronze, Gun, Bell, and Speculum D. NON-METALLIC MINERAL PRODUCTS. 1. Minerals used as Fuel a. All kinds of Coal. b. Lignite and Peat, and 2. Massive Minerals used in construction. 3. Minerals used in the manufacture of Pottery and Glass-Sands, Limestones, &c., for Glass-making. Various Clays and felspathic Minerals, as those used for Bricks, Tiles, and various kinds of Pottery and Porcelain. Siliceous, Calcareous, and other Minerals, used in the Plastic Arts. 4. Minerals used for personal Ornaments, or for Mechanical and Scientific purposes. a. Gems and Precious Stones. b. Models of Minerals and Crystals, &c. c. Collections of Minerals for scientific or educational use. 5. Minerals used in various Arts and Manufactures. a. Simple bodies or compounds containing the alkalies or alkaline Earths-Those used principally for Culinary purposes or for Medicine, as Salt, Mineral Waters, &c.-Those used in various manufactures, as Sulphur, Borax, &c. b. Earthy and semi-crystalline Minerals.-Minerals used for grinding and polishing, as Grindstones, Honestones, Emery, &c. Lithographic Stones, drawing Chalks, and Slate Pencils. Graphite. Earthy and other Minerals used as pigments, or for staining, dyeing and colouring. Various Minerals used in Manufactures; as Alum Schist, Fuller's Earth, French Chalk, Casting Sands, &c. 6. Soils, and Mineral Manures. CLASS II. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Processes and Products generally. A. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES USED IN MANUFACTURE. C. CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES USED IN MEDICINE AND 1. From the Mineral Kingdom. a. Non-metallic substances. Those used principally in their elementary state, as Sulphur, Phosphorus, &c. Acids, as Sulphuric, Muriatic, Nitric, Boracic, &c. Miscellaneous Manufactures, as Sulphuret of Carbon, Chloride of Sulphur, &c. b. Alkalies, Earths, and their compounds. -Alkalies and their Alkaline Salts, as Soda, Potash, Ammonia, and the Carbonates, &c. Neutral Salts of the Alkalies, as Sulphate, Nitrate of Soda, Saltpetre, Borax, &c. Earths and their compounds, as Lime, Magnesia, Barytes, Strontia, Alumina, &c. c. The compounds of Metals proper, as Salts of Iron, Copper, Lead, &c. d. Mixed Chemical Manufactures, as Prussiate of Potash, &c. 2. From the Organic Kingdom, and not included in Sections III, and IV. 3. Manufactured Pigments, Dyes, and miscella- a. Pigments employed in House Decoration, and B. RARER CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES, MANUFACTURED 1. From Substances of the Mineral Kingdom. 2. Vegetable IN PHARMACY. 1. From the Mineral Kingdom. a. Non-metallic substances and their compounds. c. 2. From the Vegetable Kingdom, when shown for a. Vegetable Infusions, Decoctions, and Solu- 3. From the Animal Kingdom. C. a. Cod-liver and other Animal Oils for internal or Can CLASS III. VEGETABLE KINGDOM. Substances used as Food. A. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE-CEREALS, PULSES, OIL, SEEDS, ETC. 1. Common European Cereals. 2. Cereals more rarely cultivated in Europe. 3. Millet and other small Grains used as food. 4. Pulses and Cattle Food. 5. Grasses, Fodder Plants, and Agricultural Roots. 6. The Flours or preparations of the above classes. 7. Oil-Seeds, and their Cakes. 8. Hops and other aromatic plants used for like purposes. B. DRIED FRUITS AND SEEDS. 1. Raisins, Currants, Figs, Plums, Cherries, Apricots, &c. 2. Dates, Tamarinds, Dried Bananas, &c. 3. Almonds, Chestnuts, Walnuts, &c. 4. Cocoa-nuts, &c. C. SUBSTANCES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF DRINKS. 1. Real Teas of all kinds. 2. Substitute for Teas, as Paraguay, Arabian, Bencoolin, &c. 3. Coffee of all kinds, and Cocoa Seeds and Nibs. 4. Various substances, as Chicory Roots, Amande de Terre, Guarana Bread, &c. D. INTOXICATING DRUGS, FERMENTED LIQUORS, AND DISTILLED SPIRITS FROM UNUSUAL SOURCES. 1. Fermented Liquors and Spirits from unusual Sources. 2. Tobacco. 3. Opium. 4. Hemp, and other Intoxicating Drugs. E. SPICES AND CONDIMENTS. 1. Cinnamon, Cassia, and their substitutes. 2. Nutmegs and Mace; Cloves and Cassia Buds. 3. Peppers, Capsicum, Mustard, Vanilla, Pimento, Cardamoms, &c. 4. Ginger, Turmeric, &c. F. STARCH SERIES. 1. Starches of all kinds, prepared from Wheat, Rice, Potatoes, Maize, &c. 2. Arrowroots of all kinds, Tous les Mois. 3. Sagos from the Palms, Cassava, Tapioca, &c. 4. Lichens of all kinds. 5. Other Starchy substances, as Portland Sago from Arum Maculatum, and from various like plants. G. SUGAR SERIES. 1. Sugars from the Cane and Beet. Sugars from the Maple and Palms; Birch, Poplar, Oak, and Ash; Grape Sugar. 2. Liquorice, Sarcocoll, &c. CLASS IV. Vegetable and Animal Substances, chiefly used in Manufactures, as Implements, VEGETABLE. A. GUM AND RESIN SERIES. or for Ornaments. 1. Indigos. 2. Madders. 3. Lichens and their preparations. 4. Dyeing Barks, as Acacias, Quercitron, Mangrove, &c. 5. Woods, as Logwood, Brazil-wood, Peach-wood, Fustics, &c. 6. Flowers and Berries, as Persian Berries, Safflower, Saffron. 7. Miscellaneous, as Turmeric, &c. E. TANNING SUBSTANCES. 1. Pods, Berries, Seeds, and Fruits of various kinds, as Algaroab, Acacia, Nib-nib and Divi-divi Pods, &c. 2. Barks of various kinds, as Barks of the Babool, Brazilian Acacias, Murici, Bucida, Gordonia. 3. Galls, and similar Tanning Materials. 4. Catechu, Kino, Gambeer, &c. F. FIBROUS SUBSTANCES, INCLUDING MATERIALS FOR CORDAGE AND CLOTHING. 1. Cottons of all kinds. 2. Hemp and Flax; Manilla Hemp and New Zealand Flax. 3. China Grass, Nettle Fibre, Plantain, and Pine Apple Fibre. 4. Sunn, Jute, and other tropical substitutes for Hemp, Flax. 5. Coir, or Cocoa-Nut Fibre, Gomuti, &c 6. Rushes and Miscellaneous Substances. G. CELLULAR SUBSTANCES. 1. Corks of all kinds. 2. Woods and Roots used for Corks, as the Ochroma lagopus and Anona palustris. 3. Rice-paper of China. 4. Birch Bark, Pottery Bark, Citrus Rind, &c. 5. Substances used as Amadou. H. TIMBER AND FANCY WOODS USED FOR CONSTRUCTION AND ORNAMENT, AND PREPARED BY DYEING. 1. Suited chiefly for purposes of Construction, or for the Navy. 2. Suited chiefly for Ornamental Work. 3. Prepared Woods, as by Kyan's, Payue's, Bethell's, and Boucherie's processes. I. MISCELLANEOUS SUBSTANCES. 1. Substances used as Soap, as Quillai Bark, Soap Berries, (Sapindus saponaria,) Soap Roots, (Saponaria officinalis, &c.) 2. Perfumes, as Pucha Pat, Vetiver, Spikenard, Tonka Beans, &c. 3. Substances used mechanically, as Teazels, Dutch Rushes, &c. 4. Seeds and Fruits used for Ornamental purposes, as Ganitrus Beads, the Ivory Nut, the Doom Palm, Coquilla Nuts, Bottle Gourds, &c. ANIMAL. J. FOR TEXTILE FABRICS AND CLOTHING. 1. Wool, Hair, Bristles, Whalebones. 2. Silk from the Silk-worm Bombyx Mori, and from other species in India, e. g. Bombycilla Cynthia and Attacus Paphia. 3. Feather, Down, Fur, Skins. 4. Miscellaneous. K. FOR DOMESTIC OR ORNAMENTAL PURPOSES, OR 1. Bone, Horn, Hoofs, Ivory, Tortoise-shell, Sha- L. AS AGENTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF VARIOUS 1. Glue, Isinglass, Gelatine, Bone-black, Ivory-black, M. FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CHEMICAL SUB STANCES. Blood, Bones, Horns, &c., for the production of Phosphorus, the Prussiates, the Superphosphates, &c. N. FOR PIGMENTS AND DYES. 1. Cochineal and Carmine. 2. Dyes from the Galls of the Aphides. 3. Gall-stone, pigment from Oxgall. 4. Indian Dyes from the Coccus, the various kinds of Lacs. 5. Miscellaneous, as Sepia, Enena d'Orient, &c. MACHINERY. CLASS V. Machines for direct use, including Carriages and Railway and Naval Mechanism. A. STEAM ENGINES AND BOILERS, WATER AND WIND MILLS, VARIOUS OTHER PRIME MOVERS. 1. Boilers. 2. Land Engines. 3. Marine Engines. 4. Wind-mills. 5. Water-wheels and Tourbines. 6. Water-pressure Engines, as Richenback's, and Armstrong's. 7. Vacuum Power Engines. 8. Electro-Magnetic Engines, &c. 9. Miscellaneous. B. SEPARATE PARTS OF MACHINES, SPECIMENS OF WORKMANSHIP. (See also WATER and GASWORKS in Class VII.) 1. As heavy Castings or Forgings in the rough; Castings or Forgings, plain, intricate, or beautiful in the rough. 2. Specimens of Turning in Metals. 3. Specimens in filing and finished Work in Metals, such as Surfaces, Irregular Figures, &c. 4. Valves, Cocks, Pistons, Governors, &c. C. PNEUMATIC MACHINES. RAILWAY MACHINERY AND PERMANENT WAY. 1. Air Pumps. 2. Blowing Fans. 3. Blast En-G. WEIGHing, Measuring, anD REGISTERING MAgines for Furnaces, &c. 4. Miscellaneous. D. HYDRAULIC MACHINES, CRANES, &c., PILE 1. Hydraulic Machines-Pumps and Fire Engines. CHINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND NOT FOR PHILO. 1. Commercial Weighing Instruments. 2. Instru- V. a. Carriages generally—not including those connected with Rail or Tram Roads. CLASS VI. Manufacturing Machines and Tools or Systems of Machinery, Tools and Implements employed for the undermentioned purposes. A. MANUFACTURES OF ALL SPUN, WOVEN, FELTED, 1. Machinery for the complete formation from the B. MANUFACTURES OF METALS. 1. The Manufacture of Metals from the Ore into Bars, Rods, Wires, Sheets, and other general forms, also casting and polishing of Metal, &c. 2. The cutting and working of Metals by Machine Tools, such as Lathes; Machines for Planing, Drilling, Boring, Slotting, Sawing, Stamping, Shearing, Riveting, Punching. 3. Machines and Tools used by the Makers of Gold, Silver, and Plated Goods. 4. Machines and Tools used by the Makers of Cutlery, Nails, Screws, Pins, Needles, Buttons, and C. MANUFACTURES OF MINERAL SUBSTANCES AND 1. Machines and Tools for the preparation and E. MANUFACTURE OF ANIMAL SUBSTANCES. F. MACHINERY AND APPARATUS FOR BREWING, DIS- CLASS VII. Civil Engineering, Architectural and Building Contrivances. A. FOUNDATIONS AND BUILDING CONTRIVANCES CON- 1. Application of the Screw Pile for the Foundations B. SCAFFOLDING AND CENTERINGS. 1. Scaffolding for the erection of Brick Chimney Shafts, Columns of Masonry, Towers, and Spires. 2. Portable Scaffoldings, Ladders, and Fire Es3. Scaffolding for the erection of Monocapes. lithic Blocks, as Obelisks, &c., and for the hoisting of great Weights. 4. Fixed and Turning Scaffolding for the repairs, &c. of Domes, &c., internally and externally. 5. Scaffolding and Contrivances for the erection of large Girder Bridges, (as Britannia Bridge.) 6. Centerings for Arched Bridges, Domes, and Vaults. 7. Centerings for Tunnels, Shields, and Contrivances for facilitating their excavation. C. BRIDGES, TUNNELS, AND ENGINEERING CONTRI VANCES FOR CROSSING RIVERS, RAVINES, &c. 1. Timber Bridges. 2. Cast-iron Bridges. 3. Wrought-iron Bridges (Girder and Lattice). 4. Turning or Swing Bridges. 5. Lifting or Bascule Bridges. 6. Draw and Rolling Bridges. 7. Suspension Bridges. 8. Temporary Bridges (see also VIII. M). 9. Floating Bridges, as across the Hamoaze, and to receive Railway trains, as across the Humber. 10. Examples of Brick and Stone Bridges. chines employed in Harbour Works, for removing Shoals, &c. E. LIGHTHOUSES AND BEACONS. F. ROOFS, BUILDINGS, AND CONTRIVANCES G. FOR 1. Examples of Timber and Iron Trusses. 2. Roofs for Markets, Railway Stations, &c. 3. Roofs for Theatres. 4. Fire-proof Buildings, arranged so as to be applicable to the economical methods of 5. Coverings for Roofs. construction. WATER WORKS, AND THE ENGINEERING CON- 1. Well-sinking and Boring; and the Apparatus H. GAS WORKS, AND CONTRIVANCES CONNECTED I. 1. Retorts and Distillatory Apparatus. 2. Condensing, Separating, and Purifying Apparatus. 3. Governors and Station Meters. 4. Gauges, Valves, and Contrivances connected with the Mains for the distribution of Gas. (See also XXII.) SEWERAGE, CLEANSING, PAVING, AND THE CONTRIVANCES CONNECTED WITH THE SANITARY CONDITION OF TOWNS. 1. Forms of Sewers, their Entrances and Junctions. 2. Contrivances for Cleansing, Flushing, and Ventilating Sewers. 3. Contrivances for removing and distributing Sewage. 4. Traps, and other means of preventing emanations. (See also XXII.) 5. House Drains, and the internal Sanitary Arrangements of Houses. (See also XXII.) 6. Pave ments. DENCES, AND THE CONTRIVANCES CONNECTED THEREWITH. D. DOCK, HARBOUR, RIVER, AND CANAL WORKS. 1. Docks and Slips for the building and repair of Ships. 2. Mercantile Docks, and Arrangements connected therewith, for the loading and unloading J. WARMING AND VENTILATING DOMESTIC RESIof Ships. 3. Sea and Canal Locks, Gates and Entrances, Stop-gates, Sluices, &c. 4. Marine Railway Slips and Hydraulic Docks. 5. Harbours of Refuge. 6. Breakwaters, Piers, Jetties, Wharfs, and Landing-piers. 7. Groynes, Sea-defences, &c. 8. Perpendicular Lifts for Canals, and other Engineering contrivances instead of Locks. Dredging-machines, Hedgehogs, and other Ma- K. MISCELLANEOUS. 9. 1. Arrangements for Warming, as with Hot Air, Water, Steam, &c. 2. Contrivances for preventing Smoke, and Chimney-sweeping Machines. 3. Contrivances for Ventilation on a large Scale. CLASS VIII. Naval Architecture, Military Engineering; Ordnance, Armour, and Accoutrements. A. ILLUSTRATIONS BY MODELS OF SHIP-BUILDING Sloops and Cutters. 7. Luggers, Barges, FOR PURPOSES OF COMMERCE. 1. Ships. 2. Barks. 3. Brigs and Brigantines. 4. Shows and Ketches. 5. Schooners. 6. &c. B. ILLUSTRATIONS BY MODELS OF SHIP-BUILDING |