seem

а

An old man grey and dove-like, with his great nest on the sugar-loaf of Teck was burnt beard white and long.

by the insurgent peasantry in the Peas. He it was whom, entirely unsolicited, ants' War in 1525, when castles flamed Maximilian created Duke of Würtemberg throughout Swabia and the Black Forest. and of Teck, in 1496, at Worms, and au- It was never rebuilt, but the palace at thorized him thenceforth to bear the arms Kirchheim was reconstructed and enof Teck along with Würtemberg. He larged. The dukes do not, however, also conferred on him and his successors to have visited it much. Their male in tail the office of hereditary ban- palace at Urach was but ten or twelve ner-bearer to the Holy Roman Empire. miles' distance. The Castle of Teck

As already said, Eberhart had a difficult crowns, as already said, a sugar-loaf, and task to accomplish in securing the well. it is a sugar-loaf of Jura limestone but. being of his people after he was removed, tressed up by basalt. It commands an and also of his own house. The family of extensive view — Esslingen is visible from Teck, on whose lands, castles, and titles it, and the heights above Stuttgart. The he had entered, had gone to pieces in part peak of Hohenstaufen is within the range by division of estates among all the chil. of sight. To the south the entire horizon dren. Eberhart introduced the right of is occupied by the mountain plateau of primogeniture and the inseparable unity the Rauhe Alb, that inclines to the Danof all the Würtemberg possessions. That ube, which washes its base. It is a bald was in the interest of his family, to secure and dreary region; but the valley below it against the fate of the first Teck family. Teck, with its many ruined castles once Next he drew up his will with great care, occupied by the feudal servants of the bequeathing, indeed, the duchies of Wür- dukes, is laughing with richness. Immetemberg and Teck to his good-for-nothing diately below the mountain and castle is nephew, but so hampering him and his the little town of Owen, in the church of successors with constitutional checks that which is the sepulchre of the first dukes any serious misconduct such as would do of Teck, with a simple boldly sculptured injury to the country and people would heraldic monument above it representing lead to his deposition.

the Teck arms (lozengy, sable, and or), and And, in fact, his nephew was thus de. the crest (a parrot's head clothed in the posed by the Estates of the duchy for livery of the coat). The crest was afteriransgressing the provisions of the will wards changed, and the parrot gave way two years after the death of Eberhart with to a dog. the Beard.

The crest of the Würtembergers has By virtue of this remarkable will, Wür- gone through several alterations. At one temberg and Teck enjoyed for three hun- time they wore on their helmet a basket dred years a constitution more liberal than of green rushes and leaves. This was any other German principality.

due to their having inherited the county The provisions of the will were ratified of Gröningen. Then they changed it in the capitulation of Tübingen in 1514, slightly; they kept the basket, but filled and every duke on assuming the reins of it with peacocks feathers. Lastly, they government was required to swear to ob- assumed the red bugle mounted in gold serve the capitulation, which was the that has remained their crest ever since. Magna Charta of the land.

Nevertheless, an addition was made also At Kirchheim on the Lauter was the to that. Probably it was thought that ancient capital of the Dukes of Teck, a some reminiscence of the earlier crest walled town, where they had a palace and should be preserved, so three feathers their mint. But they had been constrained were stuck in the mouth of the bugle ; to part with half of it to the Counts of but the feathers were now converted into Würtemberg for some ready money to be ostrich plumes, these plumes supplanting spent in Italy in 1359, and to bind them the peacock-feathers, as these latter had selves not to part with the other half to taken the place of the fresh green leaves. any other purchaser. Twenty years later The Dukes of Würtemberg remained the other half went in the same way, also Dukes of Teck, qua ering the lozenges the Castle of Teck itself; and in 1385 of Teck with the stags' horns of Wür. every particle of the ancestral property temberg till 1805, when Frederick I., Duke had been annexed to the estates of the of Würtemberg and Teck, was created Counts of Würtemberg, who had long oc- king of Würtemberg by Napoleon, wherecupied the parallel valley of Urach and upon the royal arms were completely the castle commanding it.' The old eagle- changed - the Würtemberg stags' horos

THE HEALTH LAWS OF THE BIBLE.

thenceforth empaled the Hohenstaufen furnished at the International Congress of lions. There is no Hohenstaufen blood Hygiene held recently. in the family, but the counts of Würtem- The Jewish law enforces strict examinaberg obtained the lands and seat of the tion of the lungs in the case of cattle ; Hohenstaufens as well as the land and but, strangely enough, dispenses with it seat of the Tecks. The Teck quartering in the case of poultry, hitherto deemed was abandoned. The next brother to equally liable to tuberculosis. Dr. Koch, Frederick, first king, was Louis, hardly however, has pointed out to the Internatwo years his junior. By his wife, Henri- tional Medical Congress of 1890 that the ette, daughter of Prince Charles of Nassau- tubercle cultures from fowls were a quite Weilburg, he left a son, Alexander, who distinct species and innocuous to man. entered the Austrian service and married You are aware that, for purposes of life the Countess Claudine of Rheday. The assurance, inquiry is invariably made into title of Duke of Teck was granted in 1863 the family history and the causes of death to his eldest son, the present duke, whose of the near relations of the person prosisters were at the same time created posing for assurance; and especially as to princesses of Teck.

whether any cases of consumption have occurred in his family. My own experience, which extends over thirty years, agrees with that of numerous physicians,

and I can confidently assert that Jews are From The Asiatic Quarterly Review.

remarkably free from scrofulous and tuber

cular complaints. It is an established fact The Mosaic Law prohibits all shellfish that environment has much to do with and also creeping things, including all in- liability to consumption. The disease can sects and animalcules that can be dis- be contracted even by the inhalation of the cerred by the naked eye. Accordingly, bacilli in the sputum of a patient, so that the observant Jew carefully abstains from it would be absurd to claim for the Jews anything which has decayed or turned absolute immunity from the malady. Coputrid. He must not partake of tainted pious statistics, however, go far to estabmilk, nor drink impure water; and we can lish its_comparative rarity among the thus understand how, oftentimes, the Jews Jews. The desire to avoid parasitic and escaped from the plague, from typhoid, infectious maladies, which, among the and other kindred diseases. The cry dur- general public, is so essentially of modern ing the Middle Ages was that the wells growth, appears to have always dominated were poisoned; so they were, but the poi-the hygienic laws of the Jews. Those son consisted of decayed animal matter animals are forbidden which are more parfrom which the Jew kept aloof. Exodus ticularly liable to parasites. And as it is xxii. 31 enacts that flesh that is torn must in the blood that germs of disease circunot be eaten. Leviticus xvii. 15, 16 pro-late, an additional safeguard has been hibits the flesh of any animal that has died provided by the injunction which requires of itself. The rabbinical law requires that even clean animals, when slaughtered, the Jew likewise to abstain from flesh of should be drained of their blood before any animal that is not killed in the pre- being served for food. scribed way, or is found on inspection to Modern science, moreover, cannot but be diseased; and the directions given in admire the wisdom of the lawgiver who, the Talmud on this point are most minute, in the days of old, enjoined removal and and display a profound knowledge of physi-isolation of the patient, disinfection of the ology. An animal, the lungs of which are clothing, and other safeguards to prevent in any way affected by tubercules, has the spread of the disease. Where contaalways been by Jews considered unfit for gion attached to garments, or a house was food. But it is only quite recently that found insanitary and dangerous to health, the danger of eating the flesh of cattle the priest who, in olden time, acted as the suffering from pleuro-pneumonia has been Jewish physician and local sanitary augenerally admitted. In corroboration of thority, was empowered to enforce their this point, I would refer to the evidence destruction. The Jewish law is strong of Dr. Drysdale before a medical confer- upon the point that the dead should be ence at Leeds, and of Dr. Behrend, whose buried as soon as signs of putrefaction set article in the Nineteenth Century, Sep-in; and there are numerous sanitary regutember, 1889, deserves attention. Volu- lations for those who come in contact with minous evidence also on this point was the dead. The Talmud (Baba Bathra, 25)

Thus, of the Jewish Day of Atonement it is said in Leviticus xxiii. 32: "Ye shall afflict your souls from even unto even." The strictly observant Jews keep no less than six fasts in the year; so that to the Jew, abstention becomes a kind of second nature.

lays down the rule that cemeteries must | The greatest act of self-control is the habitbe at least fifty cubits removed from the ual fasting incumbent upon the Jew. By city; and extramural burial has always fasting, I do not mean the partaking of been a Jewish institution. The Bible is meagre food, but entire abstention from clearly adverse to cremation; but so anx-meat and drink for twenty-four hours. ious were the Jewish sages to promote the "return of the dust to the earth as it was,' that they commended the burial of the corpse in loose boards, and the body being brought in direct contact with the earth; they discountenanced brick graves; and some rabbis in the East, advocate the use of quicklime to promote decomposition. Deuteronomy xxii. II enacts: "Thou shalt not wear a garment of divers sorts, as of woollen and linen together." Here we have the wearing of pure woollen stuff recommended by the law of Moses, three thousand years before Jaeger urges its adoption.

I have dwelt on this subject perhaps at too great a length, but I ascribe to the habitual temperance of the Jew the fact that he becomes so readily acclimatized in all parts of the world; while it is to the lack of such self-control that the disappear. ance of the aborigines in America and Australia may be attributed. Self-control It is no part of my task to discuss the has to be exercised also by the Jews in moral qualities of the Jew; but his tem- their sexual relations, in compliance with perance is an admitted fact. I doubt the precepts contained in Leviticus. Dr. whether a strictly observant Jew has ever Behrend has pointed out that observance been convicted of drunkenness. Some of these laws ensures procreation at a spepeople, however, labor under the imprescially favorable period. In the first chapsion that, whilst the Jew is temperate in ter of the Bible (Genesis i. 28) occur the the use of intoxicating drinks, he is an words: “God said unto man, Be fruitful inordinately great eater. I can find no and multiply, and replenish the earth.” ground for such an assertion. The Jew is The pious Jew is anxious, therefore, that fond of the good things of this life, for his his children should be married at a comis a joyous religion, which does not comparatively early age. The sons of the mend undue ascetic practices. The Nazarite had to bring a sin-offering because he imposed on himself unnecessary restraints. Chapter viii. of Nehemiah describes how the people spent New Year's day, from early morning to midday in prayer and expounding the law. Then Ezra and Nehemiah said: "Go your way, eat the fat and drink the sweet, send portions unto him for whom nothing is prepared; for this day is holy unto our Lord: neither be ye grieved; for the joy of the Lord is your strength." At the other festivals, the Jew is distinctly commanded to rejoice, and regale those dependent on him. How, it may be asked, does the Jew maintain moderation, which with him is habitual, and not the result of a violent effort? I ascribe it to the habitual self-control which the observant Jew has to exercise, and of which I have already given instances.

Jews in eastern Europe marry long before they are able to gain their livelihood; and it is understood that either the father or father-in-law must maintain them until they are able to earn a competence. Where the parents cannot maintain them, marriage is not encouraged. Hence we must not be surprised that the marriage rate among Jews is less than among Christians. Early marriages among the povertystricken can only lead to misery; and it is to be feared that the lesson of the Talmud, that you must first build a house and earn your living before taking unto yourself a wife, is not always followed. However, the result of early marriage amongst the Jews is to diminish profligacy. The percentage of illegitimate children among them is much less than among other denominations.

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see.

again!”

TO THE QUEEN.

And to mine eyes, (From the Nation.)

Undazzled by thy self, doth rise

An image lovelier and more like to thee QUEENLY as womanly, those words that start Than even thy bodily self which sight can From sorrow's lip strike home to sorrow's

heart. Madam, our griefs are one;

Ah! - The wind shakes But yours, from kinship close and your high The withered leaves, and Love awakes, place,

And to the vacant landscape cries in vain, The keener, mourning him in youth's glad Ah, Heaven! to have her at my side

grace Who loved you as a son.

Longman's Magazine. We mourn him too. Our wreaths of votive

flowers Speak, mutely, for us. The deep gloom that

lowers To-day across the land

THE SORROW OF A THRONE. Is no mere pall of ceremonial grief. 'Tis hard in truth, though reverent belief

The mountain in his winding-sheet of snow, Bows to the chastening hand.

With bare head drinks the cup of heaven's

pain Hard - for his parents, that young bride, and

And feels the grinding glacier, - not in

vain; you, Bearer of much bereavement, woman true,

For, to the waiting vales, far, far below And patriotic queen!

He sees his tears in streams of blessings flow. We hear the courage striking through the pain

He loves each nestling cot, cach sweet bird's As always in your long, illustrious reign,

strain, Which shrinking ne'er hath seen,

The hum of men, the busy, fruitful plain :

His rooted strength for these he would toreShrinking from high-strung duty, the brave go,

Far harder lot to stand and bear alone, way Of an imperial spirit. So to-day

While the vale fills with mists the lower

air Your people bow — in pride. The sympathy of millions is your own.

Hiding its guardian's care, — so little May Glory long be guardian of your throne,

prized! Love ever at its side!

But he has seen the light, — and he must

bear. Punch.

So too, in lonely grandeur, stands the throne,

Bearing a nation's load with pains unrecognized!

E. G. KING, D.D.

too young

THE LONELY LANDSCAPE.
The place again -
The wooded heights — the widening plain –
The whispering pines — the dry-leaved oaks,

SONNET.

FOR JANUARY, 11892. To cast their dead dreams ere the new be sprung!

MIRTH turns to mourning, and they inarriage

lay What profits it

To bitter lamentation all too soon : Alone on this prone slope to sit

The sun has set, although it still is noox Where thou didst press the heath, — and see The earth is darkened while it yet is day: how dun

The fresh young year seems grimly old and The landscape seems, lit only by the sun?

grey

Ere the last quarter of its earliest moon: Yet ah ! not vain

The house of kings is desolate: the boon To visit thy fair haunts again

Of life, like vapor, vanishes away. To trace thy footprints by the upturned stone, In vain we question : “Why should these And conjure back thy looks, thy words, thy

things be? tone!

We find no answer in the stormy sky,

Nor in the mountains' everlasting bars, Like music fine,

Nor in the ceaseless sobbing of the sca: That simple-seeming speech of thine

Yet trust we dimly, as we look on high, Hath in it soft harmonics, only heard

There is an answer hid beyond the stars. When from the memory fades the uttered

ELLEN THORNEYCROFT FOWLER. word.

Speaker.