A Receipt for making Barley Broth. 67 body of air; and this enables the animal to rise or ge forward ; but if it raised its wings flat-ways also, this would push it back again, and thus it could not mount in the air or proceed forward. The wing however is so put on, that, after it has struck the air flat-ways, it is drawn back slant-ways; in the same way as a rower feathers his oars. Birds steer principally with their tails, but partly with their wings. It is a remarkable circumstance that birds with long legs have short tails. They stretch out their legs backwards as far as they can. Thus the legs become the rudder, supplying that steerage which the short tails could not. (See Paley's Natural Theology, page 256.) Dr. Kitchiner's Receipt to make a Gallon of Barley Broth for a Groat. "PUT four ounces of Scotch Barley (previously washed in cold water), and four ounces of sliced onions, into five quarts of water; boil it gently for one hour, and pour it into a pan, then put into the saucepan from one to two ounces of clean beef or mutton drippings, or melted suet, or two or three ounces of fat bacon minced; when melted, stir into it four ounces of oatmeal, rub these together till you, make a paste (if this be properly managed, the whole of the fat will combine with the barley-broth, and not a particle appear on the surface to offend the most delicate stomach); now add the barley-broth, at first a spoonful at a time, then the rest by degrees, stirring it well together till it boils. To season it, put a little finely-pounded seed of celery, or cress, and a little ground black-pepper, or all-spice, into a tea cup, and mix it up with a little of the soup, and then pour it into the rest. Stir it thoroughly together, let it simmer gently a quarter of an hour longer, season it with salt, and it is ready.” "The flavour may be varied by doubling the portion of onions, or adding a clove of Garlic, and leaving out the celery seed. This preparation, excellent as it is, would, without variety, soon become disagreeable.' "It will be much improved, if, instead of water, it be made with the liquor which meat has been boiled in. At tripe, cow-heel, and cook-shops, this may be had for little or nothing." This soup has the advantage of being very soon and easily made, with no more fuel than is necessary to warm a room-those who have not tasted it, cannot imagine what a savoury and satisfying meal is produced by the combination of these cheap and homely ingredients." "If the generally received opinion be true, that animal and vegetable foods are nourishing in proportion to the quantity of oil, mucilage, and jelly that can be extracted from them, this soup has strong claims to the attention of Rational Economists.' FROM THE CHURCH-YARD AT LINTON, IN THE NORTH OF DEVON. How many pompous words are often spread To number up the virtues of the dead; Vain use of praise! since all mankind must know QUESTIONS FOR CHILDREN.. (From the National School Magazine*.) Q. WHAT is an Island? A. A piece of land wholly surrounded by water. * The numbers of the National School Magazine, for last year, are bound as a small volume, and put upon the Supplemental List of the Society for Promoting Christian Know, ledge. Irish Industry. Q. What is a continent? A. A large tract of land not surrounded by water. Q. What is a peninsula ? A. A piece of land almost surrounded by water. Q. What is an isthmus ? A. That small neck of land which joins a peninsula to the continent. Q. Which is generally the North of a map? Q. Which is then the South? A. The bottom. Q. Which is the East, and which is the West? A. The East is on my right hand, and the West on my left. Q. On which side of the world does the Sun rise? A. On the East. Q. On which side does it set? A. On the West. IRISH INDUSTRY. A LITTLE girl of nine years of age, (in the county of Limerick,) whose only work is glove-making, (having unhappily a contraction in one of her arms) promises, by her industry in this line alone, in some months to extricate her widowed mother from a state of extreme misery. "This little creature, says the writer of the Report," upon my giving her the work, and telling her how much she could do for her poor mother, set to it with all her heart; and, to my surprise, brought me, in two days, a pair of gloves perfectly well made, and so clean as to require no washing. There are many instances of the women going two miles, every morning and evening to a sister's or a daughter's house to spin wool, where their own houses are too small and wet for the purpose. In the County of Tipperary, one poor woman who lives near a sheep-walk, came to one of the Committee to borrow a wool-wheel, having .collected as much wool from the hedges, as made petticoats for herself and five daughters. To this industrious woman was granted a stone of wool (14lb.) as a premium, which was received with great delight. A girl of eleven years of age, has made a comfortable quilt for her little brother, of the small slopings left from making cloaks, which she sewed neatly together, (though they are all three-cornered, awkward bits,) and she has since lined and quilted it; this is one of a family which was the dirtiest and most untidy in our neighbourhood. The quilt is for a cradle only, and has three hundred pieces in it, and yet it really looks well. Another has made a cradle quilt of the soft listing of these cloaks plaited together on the ground; these things were done in play hours. The idea was suggested by one of our poor women.- Second Report of the British and Irish Ladies Society for improving the condition and promoting the welfare of the Female Peasantry in Ireland. C G. H. To the Editor of the Cottager's Monthly Visitor. SIR, ON reading your Number for December, I saw a request for an effectual method of preserving the A Practical Gardiner. 71 bark of fruit trees from being injured by hares. I have presumed to send you an account of a method which I have used always with success, (although I do not on that account pronounce it infallible.) It is simply this. Apply by means of a brush some train oil, or any the most fœtid that can be had, to the stems of the trees, from the ground to the height of three feet, or any low branches of dwarf trees to that height, as the animals mentioned will reach that height, or more in case of deep snow, at which time, they, being pressed by hunger, will do most damage. N.B. Where the trees have been gnawed the places should be pared smooth, both bark and wood, with a sharp knife before the oil is applied; the oil will prevent the wet from damaging the cut, and promote its healing. I have saved several young apple trees from canker by cutting the affected part quite out, even through the pith; so that the stem has been cut above half way through, and the tree obliged to be secured by being tied to a stake to prevent it from being broken off at the cut: the oil was applied and the bark healed over the cut rapidly, and the. tree made good wood the same year (it was a strong growing sort).. I have tried it on the old golden pippin; but without permanent success. Any trees that have been damaged by cats scratching their stems may be benefited by the same application, the bark to be pared smooth, as recommended before; it is also good, in case of canker, and should be used till no brown spot appears; the oil need not be laid on very thick. Is not E. W. B's. Lime-wash, though frequently used, of too caustic a quality? A Practical Gardener. |