2. Scotland. Scotland has an area of 30,685 square miles, with a population, in 1861, of 3,062,294 souls, giving 101 inhabitants to the square mile. The 33 counties into which Scotland is divided are of very unequal size, some of them containing only four or five parishes, and some above seventy. In the following table, the number of parishes in each county, the area of each in square miles, and the numbers of the population are given. The numbers of population include the military in barracks and the seamen on board vessels in the harbours and creeks of Scotland on the 8th of April, 1861 : The following table exhibits the numbers of the population of Scotland at the dates of the several enumerations, together with the increase between each census, and the percentage of decennial increase. The division of the population into five classes, after the same method as that adopted in England, presented the following result : In 1861, therefore, of every 100,000 persons in Scotland 1,715 belonged to the professional class, 2,754 to the commercial, 12,364 to the agricultural, 22,665 to the industrial; while 56,634 were classed as domestic, and 3,868 undefined, or ill-defined. The following table of births and deaths in Scotland, for the years 1861-68, with the estimated population for the middle of each year, is compiled from the returns of the Registrar-General : The estimated population of Scotland in the middle of the year 1869 was 3,205,481. The number of registered paupers and their dependents, exclusive of casual poor, who were in receipt of relief in parishes of Scotland, during 1859-68, on the 14th of May in each year, is shown in the subjoined table : The number of criminal offenders committed for trial, convicted, and acquitted, was as follows for the ten years, 1859–68: It will be seen, comparing the above table with that on page 243, that the proportion of criminal offenders committed for trial and afterwards acquitted is greatly less in Scotland than in England and Wales. 3. Ireland. Ireland has an area of 31,874 square miles, or 20,322,641 acres, inhabited, in 1861, by 5,798,967 souls. This gives a density of population of 181 inhabitants per square mile, or about one-half that of England. The following table gives the area in acres, the number of inhabited houses, and the numbers of population of each of the four provinces and 32 counties of Ireland, after the census returns of April 8, 1861: England and Scotland, the people of Ireland were found to be distributed as follows at the census of 1861 : Comparing the relative numbers under each of the six classes in Ireland with those given for England and Wales, the following are the per-centages:— At The movement of the population of Ireland since the beginning of the century was very different from that of England and Scotland. There was an increase, slow at first, and then rapid, from 1801 to 1841, and a decrease, more rapid than the previous increase, from 1841 to 1861. At the census of 1801 the population of Ireland was 5,395,456; in 1811, it had risen to 5,937,856; in 1821 to 6,801,827; in 1831 to 7,767,401; and in 1841 to 8,175,124. the next census, that of 1851, the population was found to have sunk to 6,552,385, representing a decline of nearly twenty per cent., while the following, the last census returns, showed another decline of above twelve per cent. The decline during the two decennial periods was spread unequally over the four provinces, as illustrated in the subjoined table, the totals of which are exclusive of the men of the |