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ing of old sailors, that the last person to fall over-
board from the rigging is a landsman, because he
grips the ropes so fiercely; whereas old tars are
less careful, and sometimes pay the penalty.
After this feat I got down rapidly on deck, and
received something like a compliment from Max
the Dutchman.

Some of the occurrences give rise to reflections or suggestions on nautical matters; and there are some terrible pictures of vice and poverty in Liverpool, pointed by contrast with the American's experience at home, where absolute death by hunger and privation (the Americans say) cannot occur. We will, however, take a different sample to close with a case of spontaneous combustion.

The lamp dropped from the hand of Max, and went out; while, covered all over with spires and sparkles of flame that faintly crackled in the silence the uncovered parts of the body burned before us, precisely like a phosphorescent shark in a midnight sea.

The eyes were open and fixed, the mouth was curled like a scroll, and every lean feature firm as in life; while the whole face, now wound in curls of soft blue flame, wore an aspect of grim defiance and eternal death-Prometheus, blasted by fire on the rock.

the man's name, tattooed in vermilion, near the holOne arm, its red shirt-sleeve rolled up, exposed low of the middle joint; and as if there was something peculiar in the painted flesh, every vibrating letter burned so bright that you might read the flaming name in the flickering ground of blue.

watch.

Of the three newly-shipped men, who in a state of intoxication had been brought on board at the shouted down among us from the scuttle by the "Where's that damned Miguel?" was now dock-gates, (at Liverpool,) two were able to be en-mate, who had just come on deck, and was detergaged at their duties in four or five hours after quit-mined to have every man up that belonged to his ting the pier; but the third man yet lay in his bunk, in the self-same posture in which his limbs had been adjusted by the crimp who had deposited him there. His name was down on the ship's papers as Miguel Saveda; and for Miguel Saveda the chief mate at last came forward, shouting down the fore-mate sprang down in a rage; but recoiled at the Thinking that Jackson intended to beard him, the castle-scuttle, and commanding his instant presence burning body, as if he had been shot by a bullet. ladder. 'My God!" he cried, and stood holding fast to the

on deck but the sailors answered for their new comrade, giving the mate to understand that Miguel was still fast locked in his trance, and could not obey him; when, muttering his usual imprecation, the mate retired to the quarter-deck.

This was in the first dog-watch, from four to six in the evening. At about three bells in the next watch, Max the Dutchman, who like most old seamen was something of a physician in cases of drunkenness, recommended that Miguel's clothing should be removed, in order that he should lie more

comfortably but Jackson, who would seldom let anything be done in the forecastle that was not proposed by himself, capriciously forbade this proceeding.

"He's gone to the harbor where they never "Come you weigh anchor," coughed Jackson. down, sir, and look."

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"Take hold of it," said Jackson at last to the Greenlander; it must go overboard. Don't stand But stop ;" and smothering it all in the blankets, ho shaking there like a dog; take hold of it, I say; pulled it partly out of the bunk.

A few minutes more, and it fell with a bubble night sea, leaving a corruscating wake as it sank. among the phosphorescent sparkles of the damp

unspeakable horror; nor did the conversation of the This event thrilled me through and through with watch during the next four hours on deck at all

serve to soothe me.

So the sailor still lay out of sight in his bunk, incredible, was the infernal opinion of Jackson, that But what most astonished me, and seemed most which was in the extreme angle of the forecastle the man had been actually dead when brought on behind the bowsprit-bitts-two stout timbers rooted board the ship; and that knowingly, and merely in the ship's keel. An hour or two afterwards, for the sake of the month's advance, paid into his some of the men observed a strange odor in the hand upon the strength of the bill he presented, forecastle, which was attributed to the presence of the body-snatching crimp had knowingly shipped a some dead rat among the hollow spaces in the side planks for, some days before, the forecastle had corpse on board of the Highlander under the prebeen smoked out, to extirpate the vermin overrun- And I heard Jackson say, that he had known of tence of its being a live body in a drunken trance. ning her. At midnight, the larboard watch, to such things having been done before: but that a which I belonged, turned out; and instantly, as every man woke, he exclaimed at the now intoler- really dead body ever burned in that manner, I canable smell, supposed to be heightened by the shak-iar with such things; or at least with the stories of not even yet believe. But the sailors seemed familing up of the bilge-water from the ship's rolling. "Blast that rat!" cried the Greenlander. "He's blasted already," said Jackson, who in his drawers had crossed over to the bunk of Miguel. "It's a water-rat, shipmates, that's dead; and here he is ;" and with that he dragged forth the sailor's arm, exclaiming, "Dead as a timberhead!"

Upon this the men rushed toward the bunk, Max with the light, which he held to the man's face.

"No, he's not dead," he cried, as the yellow flame wavered for a moment at the seaman's motionless mouth but hardly had the words escaped, when, to the silent horror of all, two threads of greenish fire, like a forked tongue, darted out between the lips; and in a moment the cadaverous face was crawled over by a swarm of wormlike flames.

such things having happened to others.

From the Spectator. M'LEAN'S TWENTY-FIVE YEARS IN THE HUDSON'S BAY TERRITORY. *

MR. M'LEAN entered the service of the Hudson's Bay Company in 1820-21, when it had just been strengthened by a coalition with its rival, the North-western Company. With the exception of a five or six months' trip to England in 1842-43, he continued actively engaged in the service for

a

*Notes of a Twenty-five Years' Service in the Hud

son's Bay Territory. By John M'Lean. In two volumes. Published by Bentley.

quarter of a century. In spite of promises, he ill-usage and that of others into the Life of his passed the greater part of that time in an inferior position; the range of his service extending from Labrador and the shores of Hudson's Bay to New Caledonia on the further side of the Rocky Mountains, amid the head waters of Fraser's river, and from the boundaries of the United States to beyond the 60th degree of latitude, on the banks of the Mackenzie river. After some twenty years' service, and, as he alleges, unfair treatment in delaying his promotion, Mr. M'Lean was appointed a chief trader; the income from which post in 1841, was 1207. per annum. Even this fortune was not enjoyed in comfort. He was hardly treated by Governor Simpson, and in fact degraded, being superseded in a district to which he was appointed; he therefore resigned, in 1844.

Not much of new geographical information is furnished by Mr. M'Lean's volumes, except as regards the interior of Labrador; in that country he was stationed for several years, and he explored it from Esquimaux Bay in the Straits of Belleisle to the Bay of Ungava. The chief value of the book consists in its picture of life in the Hudson's Bay service the hardships to be undergone, the privations to be endured, the dangers to be encountered in the conduct of the everyday business of the company, in a region where a journey involves an irksome and riskful navigation, a laborious portage, in winter excessive cold, and in summer great heats with frequent attacks of mosquitoes and other insects. In the remoter districts, bodily hardships are not alone to be encountered. The passions of the intoxicated or superstitious and sometimes the justly-provoked Indian, are to be met by a ready resolution and a high hand; which, however, are sometimes possessed in vain, and the Company's servants fall victims to violence or treachery. Yet such is the ennui in the dreary solitude or monotonous routine of the “forts" or stations in the higher latitudes of the interior, that hardship and danger are welcomed as reliefs from the blank tædium vitæ in the Hudson's Bay territory.

brother, with rather fierce attacks upon Governor Simpson; but there was a tone about his style that induced mistrust. Mr. Fitzgerald lately examined the history and general character of the Company; testing their professions and conduct by scattered rays of evidence; and left an ill impres sion as the result of his inquiry. Mr. M Lean comes with a particular narrative of his own hard treatment, various statements of partiality and injustice as regards other officers, and an account of the Company's neglect of the moral and physical wellbeing of the Indians, and their opposition to Protestant missionaries, all which contrasts remarkably with the panegyrics we have so frequently heard. These, indeed, are only explainable on the consideration we just threw out--that the favorable reports originated with writers who visited only the principal or show places, and got about as trus an idea of the state of affairs at the lesser interior stations as a traveller in Russia, escorted by the imperial authorities, would have of the true state of things there. Some allowance is to be made for the fact that Mr. M Lean is smarting under the sense of long neglect—of. as he alleges, an unfair preference to favored rivals, and a long course of ill-treatment; but many of the facts hardly admit of color, and do not refer to himself.

Any judgment on these controversial matters, however, is best formed by a perusal of the volumes. Our extracts will chiefly relate to the adventurous part of the narrative. The following is an example of the unpleasantnesses to which the Hudson's Bay "travellers" are exposed.

I had a still more narrow escape in the month of March ensuing. I had been on a visit to the post under my own immediate charge, termed head-quarters par excellence; returning to the post alone, I came to a place where our men, in order to avoid coming close to the river, were accustomed to draw a long detour occasioned by a high and steep hill their sledges upon the ice along the edge of a rapid. About the middle of the rapid, where the torrent is fiercest, the banks of the river are formed of rocks When all this is considered, it may fairly be a rising almost perpendicularly from the water's matter of wonder that persons with great energy, edge; and here they had to pass on a narrow ledge a capital constitution, since no others could stand of ice, between the rock on the one side and the the service, and some education, without which foaming and boiling surge on the other. The ledge, at no time very broad, was now reduced, by the they could not discharge its duties, are readily falling in of the water, to a strip of ice of about found to embark in such an employ. The first eighteen inches or little more, adhering to the rock. reason probably is, that they are "caught young." The ice, however, seemed perfectly solid, and I The second, that delusive notions are entertained made no doubt that with caution I should succeed of the service. The "liberality" of the Company in passing safely this formidable strait. has been a standing theme with British and AmerThe weather having been very mild in the fore ican travellers, who have only seen the principal rated with wet, but were now frozen hard by the part of the day, my shoes and socks had been satuforts, or whose reception has been prepared for in cold of the approaching night. Overlooking this consequence of official orders and when the trav-circumstance, I attempted the dangerous passage; ellers have been known to contemplate print. and had proceeded about half-way, when my foot Hence, the Company have had a higher reputation slipped, and I suddenly found myself resting with for the good living to be found in their service, the one hip on the border of ice, while the rest of my comparative easiness of the life, and the general lib-body overhung the rapid rushing fearfully underneath. I was now literally in a state of agonizing erality of their treatment, than late inquiries would suspense to regain my footing was impossible; seem to show that they deserve. The brother of even the attempt to move might precipitate me into the Arctic discoverer Simpson left the service in the rapid. disgust; and infused many complaints of his own

My first thought indeed was to throw myself in,

and endeavor by swimming to reach the solid ice that bridged the river a short distance below; a glance at the torrent convinced me that this was a measure too desperate to be attempted; I should have been dashed against the ice, or hurried beneath it by the current. But my time was not yet come. Within a few feet of the spot where I was thus suspended in sublimis, the rock projected a little outward, so as to break the force of the current. It struck me that a new border of ice might be formed at this place, under and parallel to that on which I was perched exploring cautiously, therefore, with a stick which I fortunately had in my hand, all along and beneath me, I found my conjecture well founded; but whether the ice were strong enough to bear me, I could not ascertain. But it was my only hope of deliverance: letting myself down therefore, gently, I planted my feet on the lower ledge, and, clinging with the tenacity of a shell-fish to the upper, I crept slowly along till I reached land.

and, as the voyageurs say, "He that passes it with his share of a canoe's cargo may call himself a man."

After passing the portage, the Rocky Mountains reared their snow-clad summits all around us, presenting a scene of gloomy grandeur that had nothing cheering in it. One scene, however, struck me as truly sublime. As we proceeded onward, the mountains pressed closer on the river, and at one place approached so near that the gap seemed to have been made by the river forcing a passage through them. We passed in our canoes at the base of precipices that rose almost perpendicularly above us on either side to the height of 3,000 or 4,000 feet! After passing through these magnificent portals, the mountains recede to a considerable distance; the space intervening between them and the river being a flat, yielding timber of a larger growth than I expected to find in such a situation.

Mr. M'Lean's station in Labrador was an experiment made with the view of discovering whether

Familiarity, if it does not always breed con- the country had sufficient fur-bearing animals to tempt, at least diminishes surprise. When some |justify the establishment of a series of posts. Indeof the geological conclusions respecting the vegeta-pendently of his own adventures, Mr. M'Lean ble and animal remains were promulgated, they gives some account of Governor Simpson's obstiseemed so strange as to induce the idea of a totally nacy and mismanagement, and the beneficial effects different state of things—an unnatural nature, as it to the Company from his own advice; but we will were. More extensive observation of causes in

actual operation with reference to geological phe-pass these for a hairbreadth escape by sea.

nomena, have lessened the feeling, by showing that similar occurrences are taking place contemporaneously, if upon a less scale. This land-slip is an example.

As we ascended the river, the scenery became beautifully diversified with hill and dale and wooded valleys, through which there generally flowed streams of limpid water. I observed at one place

After seeing my couriers off, I left Mr. Erlandthe sea without experiencing any adventure worth son with two men to share his solitude, and reached notice. Proceeding along the coast, I was induced one evening by the flattering appearance of the weather to attempt the passage of a deep bay; which being accomplished, there was little danger of being delayed afterwards by stress of weather. hitherto presented a smooth surface; not a breath This step I soon had cause to repent. The sea of wind was felt, and the stars shone out brightly. A few clouds began to appear on the horizon; and the boat began to rise and fall with the heaving of the sea. Understanding what these signs portended, we immediately pulled for the shore; but had scarcely altered our course when the stars dis appeared, a tremendous noise struck upon our ears In the from seaward, and the storm was upon us. The impenetrable obscurity of the night not a trace of land could be discovered; but we continued to ply our oars, while each succeeding billow threatened immediate destruction.

a tremendous land-slip, caused by the water under-
mining the soil. Trees were seen in an inverted
position, the branches sunk in the ground and the
roots uppermost; others with only the branches
appearing above ground; the earth rent and inter-
sected by chasms extending in every direction:
while piles of earth and stones, intermixed with
shattered limbs and trunks of trees, contributed to
increase the dreadful confusion of the scene.
half of a huge hill had tumbled into the river and
dammed it across, so that no water escaped for some
time. The people of Dunvegan, seeing the river
suddenly dry up, were terrified by the phenom-
enon; but they had not much time to investigate
the cause the river as suddenly reäppeared, pre-
senting a front of nearly twenty feet in height, and
foaming and rushing down with a noise of thunder.

The following passage of the Peace River through the Rocky Mountains is curious from the circumstance of the stream being navigable; in such situations it is generally too precipitous for use.

The Rocky Mountains came in view on the 8th October, and we reached the portage bearing their name on the 10th; the crossing of which took us eight days, being fully thirteen miles in length, and excessively bad road, leading sometimes through swamps and morasses, then ascending and descending steep hills, and for at least one third of the distance so obstructed by fallen trees as to render it all but impassable. I consider the passage of this portage the most laborious duty the Company's servants have to perform in any part of the territory;

The horrors of our situation increased; the man

on the look-out called out that he saw breakers ahead in every direction; and escape appeared to be next to impossible. My crew of Scottish Islanders, however, continued their painful exertions without evincing by a murmur the apprehensions they must have felt. The crisis was now at hand. We approached so near to the breakers that it was impossible to avoid them; and the men lay on their oars, expecting the next moment would be their last.

In such a situation the thoughts of even the most depraved naturally carry them beyond the limits of time; and by these thoughts, I believe, the soul of every one was absorbed; yet the men lost not their presence of mind. Suddenly, the voice of the lookout was heard amid the roar of the breakers, calling our attention to a dark breach in the line of foam that stretched out before us, which he fancied to be a channel between the rocks. A few despe rate strokes brought us to the spot; when, to our

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The

unspeakable joy, we found it to answer the man's far end of the building, where they made their conjecture; but so narrow was the passage that exit. Enter afterwards a jealous husband and his the oars on both sides of the boat struck the rocks; wife, wearing masks (both being men). a minute afterwards we found ourselves becalmed part these acted appeared rather dull; the husband and in safety. The boat being moored, and the merely sat down by the side of his frail rib," men ordered to watch by turns, we lay down to watching her motions closely, and neither allowing sleep as we best could, supperless, and without her to speak to nor look at any of the young men. having tasted food since early dawn. As to the other characters, one personated a deer, The bear seemed to give the spectators most delight. another a wolf, a third a strange Tsekany.

A good many sketches of the various tribes of Indians are scattered through the book; of which we will spare room for one, descriptive of an entertainment by the Indians of New Caledonia, for the germs it contains of lyric and dramatic poetry.

In the beginning of the winter we were invited to a feast held in honor of a great chief, who died some years before. The person who delivered the invitation stalked into the room with an air of vast consequence, and strewing our heads with down, pronounced the name of the presiding chief, and withdrew without uttering another syllable. To me the invitation was most acceptable; although I had heard much of Indian feasts, I never was pres

ent at any.

Late in the evening we directed our steps towards the "banqueting-house," a large hut temporarily erected for the occasion. We found the numerous guests assembled and already seated round" the festive board;" our place had been left vacant for us; Mr. Dease taking his seat next to the great chief Quaw, and we, his Meewidiyazees, (little chiefs,) in succession. The company were disposed in two rows; the chiefs and elders being seated next the wall, formed the outer, and the young men the inner row; an open space of about three feet in breadth intervening between them. Immense quantities of roasted meat, bear, beaver, siffleu or marmot, were piled up at intervals, the whole length of the building; berries mixed up with rancid salmon oil, fish-roe that had been buried under ground a twelvemonth, in order to give it an agreeable flavor, were the good things presented at this feast of gluttony and flow of oil. The berry mixture and roes were served in wooden troughs, each having a large wooden spoon attached to it. The enjoyments of the festival were ushered in with a song, in which all joined

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The gormandizing contest ended as it began, with songs and dances; in the latter amusement, however, few were now able to join. Afterwards ensued a rude attempt at dramatic representation. Old Quaw, the chief of Neckaslay, first appeared on the stage, in the character of a bear-an animal he was well qualified to personate. Rushing from his den, and growling fiercely, he pursued the huntsman, the chief of Babine portage, who defended himself with a long pole; both parties maintained a running fight, until they reached the

SIR WALTER SCOTT.-A gentleman who, in the year 1826 or 1827, travelled with Sir Walter Scott in the Blucher Coach from Edinburgh to Jedburgh, relates the following anecdote illustrative of his punctilious regard for his word, and his willingness to serve all who placed confidence in him, particularly those engaged in literary pursuits:-"We had performed half the journey," writes our informant, "when Sir Walter started as from a dream, exclaiming, Oh, my friend G➖➖➖, I have forgotten you till this moment!' brought us to a small town, where Sir Walter luggage, consisting of a well-worn short hazel ordered a post chaise, in which he deposited his stick, and a paper-parcel containing a few books; then, much to my regret, he changed his route, and returned to the Scottish capital.

A short mile

"The following month I was again called to Edinburgh on business, and curiosity induced me to wait on the friend G apostrophized by Sir Walter, and whose friendship I had the honor to possess. The cause of Sir Walter's return, I was informed, was this:-He had engaged to furnish an article for a periodical conducted by my friend, but his promise had slipped from his memory (a most uncommon occurrence, for Sir Walter was gifted with the best of memories) until the moment of his exclamation. His instant return was the only means of retrieving the error. Retrieved, however, it was; and the following morning Mr. G-received several sheets of closely-written manuscript, the transcribing of which alone must have occupied half the night."

The kindliness of Sir Walter's nature procured him friends-his literary genius only admirers, although certainly the warmest admirers ever author possessed. Admiration, however, was sometimes in his case not freely bestowed, and perhaps not consciously felt. He was fond of relating the following anecdote of what he called a pure and sincere compliment, being not at all intended as such, but, as the reader will perceive, meant more as reproach than praise:- Shortly after the disclosure of the authorship of the Waverly Novels, themighty Minstrel" called on the late Mrs. Fair of Langlea, an eccentric old lady, who had lived through more than half of the last century, and who furnished Sir Walter with many a good tale and legend of days gone by. "The old lady opened on me thus," to use his own words; Sir Walter, I've been lang wanting to see you. It's no possible that ye hae been writing in novels a' thae lees? Oh dear me, dear me! I canna believe 't yet; but for a' that, I ken I ha'e seen Dandy Dinmont somewhere; and Rebecca, oh she's a bonny, wellbehaved lassie yon; but Jennie Deans I like the best!"

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"There," said the pleased baronet, "call yo that a common compliment?"

From the North British Review.

Aspects of Nature, in Different Lands and Differ-
ent Climates, with Scientific Elucidations. By
ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT. Translated by
Mrs. Sabine. In 2 vols. 12mo. pp. 650.

WHEN we contemplate the natural world in our own fatherland, as seen from different stations on its surface, and at different seasons of the revolving year, it presents to us but a single aspect, however diversified be its forms, and however varied its phenomena. Like the race which occupies it, the scenery within each horizon has its family likeness, and the landscape from each spot its individual features, while the general picture of hill and dale, and heath and forest, have their similitude in the character and costume of the people. During the daily and annual revolutions of our globe, the sun sheds his varying lights and hues over the more permanent and solid forms of nature, and carries in his train those disturbing elements which give an interest to each passing hour, and invest the seasons with all the variety which characterizes them. The external world may thus lose for a while its normal aspect-what is fixed may for an instant be displaced, and what is stable subverted; but amid all the new and returning conditions of the year, whether the god of day gives or withdraws his light-whether the firmament smiles in azure or frowns in gloom-whether the lightning plays in its summer gleams, or rages in its fiery course -whether vegetation dazzles with its youthful green, or charms with its tint of age, or droops under the hoary covering of winter-under all these expressive phases of its life, nature presents to us but one aspect characteristic of the latitude under which we live, and the climate to which we belong.

On her

and interesting to the southern eye.
regions of eternal snow, which the summer sun is
unable even to thaw, the tracks of commerce and
the footprints of travel are unseen. The shadow
of man and of beast alone variegates the winding-
sheet of vegetable life; mountains of fire, and
plains of sulphur, stand in curious juxtaposition
to precipices of ice and accumulations of snow,
and from the glacier margin of the ocean are
detached the gigantic icebergs, which, drifting to
the southern seas, and raising only their heads
above the waves, often threaten the tempest-driven
mariner with destruction. To these singular
aspects of arctic nature we may add one still more
singular-the one long day of light, and the one
long night of darkness, which alternately cheer
and depress its short-lived and apparently mis-
erable population.

The inhabitants, both of the old and new world, who occupy populous cultivated plains, are no less startled with nature's aspect, when they enter the lofty regions of the Himalaya and the Andes, or cast their eye over the trackless deserts of Africa, or the elevated plateaus of central Asia and America, or the Patagonian desert of shingle, or the grassy Llanos of Orinoco and Venezuela, or the endless forests of the Amazons. The phases of the material world are there altogether new. Even the European, whose horizon is a circle, and the shepherd of the Landes, who is elevated on stilts in order to watch his flocks, would stand aghast in the boundless desert of Sahara, which no foliage colors, and no moisture bedews; and the crystal or the chamois hunter of the Alps, who has paced the flanks of Mont Blanc, or the peasant who slumbers at its base, would view with mute admiration the peaks of Dwalaghiri or Pinchincha; while the naturalist, who had been amused with the eruptions of Vesuvius and of Ætna, would stand unnerved beside the outbursts of Cotopaxi or Hirouæa.

Nor are these striking aspects of nature confined to the structure of the inorganic world; they are displayed to us with no inferior interest in the diversified phenomena of animal and of vegetable existence. Although organic life is universally distributed throughout the earth, the ocean, and the air, yet under different latitudes it exhibits very opposite aspects. The vital functions are nearly suspended in the gelid regions of the poles, where man is almost driven into hybernation like the brutes; while in the zones of the tropics we recognize the high pulse and the florid plethora of a rank and luxuriant existence. Within the vessels that heat has expanded, the sap of life flows with a more genial current, and the noble forms of mammiferous life bound with a light and elastic step over the thick carpet of flowers which nature annually weaves under a tropical sun and a cloudless sky.

The inhabitant of so limited a domain, even if he has surveyed it in all its relations, has no adequate idea of the new and striking aspects in which nature shows herself in other lands, and under other climates. Even in the regions of civilization, where her forms have, to a certain extent, been modified by art, and her creations placed in contrast with those of man, she still wears a new aspect, often startling by its novelty, and overpowering by its grandeur. To the fur-clad dweller among ice and snow, the aspects of nature in the temperate and torrid zones must be signally pleasing. The rich and luxurious productions of a genial and fervid climate, and the gay coloring of its spring and its autumn, must form a striking contrast with the scanty supplies of a frozen soil, and the sober tints of a stunted vegetation; and the serf or the savage who has prostrated himself before a petty tyrant, in his hall of wood or of clay; or the worshipper who has knelt on the sea-shore, or offered incense in the cavern or in the bush, must stand appalled before the magnificent temples of Christian or of But it is not merely on the surface of the earth, pagan opulence, and amidst the " cloud-capped and within the aqueous and aerial oceans which towers and gorgeous palaces" of civilization. cover it, that nature displays her most interesting Nor is the aspect of the arctic zone less curious phases. Everything that we see around us-the

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