The History of Civilization: From the Fall of the Roman Empire to the French Revolution, 1. kötetD. Bogue, 1850 |
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absolute power affairs ancient appears attempt authority barbarian barbarism became bishops burgesses called cause character Charlemagne Charles Charles VII Christian Church ciety circumstances clergy common condition consider council course crusades desire ecclesiastical elements emperors endeavored England epoch established European civilization exercised existence fact feudal system fief fifteenth force France free cities free inquiry French Gaul Germany human mind ideas importance independence individual influence institutions intellectual Italy justice king lecture legitimate sovereignty liberty Louis XIV manners means ment monarchy moral municipal nations nature never opinions party period political Pope possession prevailed principle progress proprietors reform regard reign relations religion religious respect result revolution Roman empire Rome Saracens sentiments situation sixteenth century social system society sovereigns Spain spirit States-general struggle Suevi superior temporal theocracy things tion truth twelfth century unity various Visigoths William of Tyre
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228. oldal - European society into one social body, must have been much less active and effec tive in Germany than in any other nation. I have now run over all the great attempts at political organization which were made in Europe, down to the end of the fourteenth or beginning of the fifteenth century.
266. oldal - Roman catholics, as their system rested on the decisions of an infallible judge, never doubted that truth was on their side, and openly called on the civil power to repel the impious and heretical innovators who had risen up against it. The protestants, no less confident that their doctrine was well founded, required, with equal ardour, the princes of their party to check such as presumed to impugn it.
48. oldal - At the end of the fourth century, and the beginning of the fifth, Christianity was no longer a simple belief, it was an institution — it had formed itself into a corporate body.
249. oldal - Let me be permitted to say in passing, that I shall use this word reformation as a simple ordinary term, synonymous with religious revolution, and without attaching it to any opinion. You must, I am sure, foresee at once, how difficult it is to discover the real character of this great crisis, and to explain in a general manner what has been its nature and its effects. The period of our inquiry must extend from the beginning of the sixteenth to the middle of the seventeenth century; for this period...
28. oldal - If we pass from history to the nature itself of the two facts which constitute civilization, we are infallibly led to the same result. We have all experienced this. If a man makes a mental advance, some mental discovery, if he acquires some new idea, or some new faculty, what is the desire that takes possession of him at the very moment he makes it ? It is the desire to promulgate his sentiment to the exterior world — to publish and realize his thought. When a man acquires a new truth — when...
295. oldal - XIV. were rational ; his enterprises have not that unreasonable, capricious character, till then so general ; dieir policy was able, if not always just and prudent. If I pass from the wars of Louis XIV. to his relations with foreign states, to his diplomacy properly so called, I find an analogous result. I have already spoken of the origin of diplomacy at the end of the fifteenth century. I have endeavored to show how the mutual relations of governments and states, previously accidental, rare, and...