The number of inhabited houses in England and Wales in 1881 was 4,831,519, and uninhabited, 386,676; building, 46,414; against 4,259,117 inhabited; 261,345 uninhabited; building, 27,803, in 1871.

More than one-fourth of the total urban population, and more than oneseventh of the total population of England and Wales is concentrated in the metropolis, the official estimates (1888) for London Proper' being 4,282,921. The limits of the metropolis were defined by the RegistrarGeneral, in the census returns of 1881, as consisting of an Inner Ring' and an Outer Ring,' the former sub-divided into a Central Area' and Rest of Inner Ring.' The following table gives the results of both censuses in 1871 and in 1881:

Population

Rates of Increase (+) or Decrease (-) per cent.

1871-81

1861-81

The night population of the City of London proper, within the municipal and parliamentary limits, was only 50,652, on the night of April 4, 1881; in 1871, it was 74,897. The day population at the date of the last census was 261,061.

The following is the division of the population of England according to occupation:

Twenty-eight cities and towns have been selected for the publication of the rates of mortality. Those comprised, in 1881, a total population of 9,310,933, being more than a third of the entire population of England and Wales. The increase of population in the decennial period from 1871 to 1881 amounted to 16.9 per cent. The population of these twenty-eight cities and towns (municipal boroughs) was as follows in 1881 and 1889 :

The town population in 1871 was 12,910,647, and in 1881, 15,445,296; the rural population in 1871 was 9,801,619, and in 1881, 10,529,143. The rate of increase of the former during the decade was 19.63 per cent., and of the latter only 7.42 per cent.

The following table shows the distribution of the population in the large towns according to the census of 1881:

The three most densely populated towns in the United Kingdom are Liverpool, with 114 persons to the acre, Manchester 88, Glasgow 86; then come London 56, Plymouth 53, Birmingham 53, Bristol 48, Brighton 47, Bolton 47, Leicester 45, Edinburgh 44, Sunderland 43, and Salford 42.

2. Scotland.

Scotland has an area of 29,820 square miles, including its islands, 186 in number, with a population (including military in barracks and seamen on board vessels in the harbours), according to the census of 1881, of 3,735,573 souls, giving 125 inhabitants to the square mile.

The following table exhibits the numbers of the population of Scotland at the dates of the several enumerations, together with the density per square

The country is divided into 33 civil counties, grouped under eight geographical divisions. The following table gives the results of the census, excluding the military in barracks and the seamen on board vessels in the harbours, on April 4, 1881 :—

The number of inhabited houses in Scotland in 1881 was 739,005; uninhabited, 59,697; building, 4,990.

The following table shows the occupations of the people according to the census of 1881:

The population in 1881 was distributed as follows among the larger towns:-

The population of the eight principal towns of Scotland was as follows in 1881:

The total represented more than a third of the population of Scotland. In 1871 the total town and village population was 2,338,697, and the rural population 1,021,321; in 1881 the former was 2,754,736, showing an increase of 416,039, or 17.7 per cent., while the latter was 980,837, showing a decrease of 40,484, or 3.96 per cent. In 1888 the estimated population of Edinburgh was 262,733, and of Glasgow (registration district) 526,088.

3. Ireland.

Ireland has an area of 32,531 square miles, or 20,819,982 acres, inhabited, in 1881, by 5,174,836 souls. The following table gives the population of Ireland at different census periods, with the density per square