By the late Government actuary the population on June 1, 1889, was estimated at 62,921,000. The present Government actuary estimates it at about 66,000,000.

In 1889 the Territory of Dakota was formed into two States, North and South Dakota, while Montana and Washington have each been made into a State.

As regards sex, the total population of the States and Territories at the census of 1880 comprised 25,518,820 males and 24,636,993 females. In the Mormon Territory of Utah there were 74,509 males and 69,454 females at the census of 1880.

At the first census of the Union, in 1790, there existed only 17 States, the largest of which, as then constituted, was Virginia, with a population of 747,610, and the smallest, Tennessee, with a population of 35,691. At the second census, in 1800, there were 20 States, the largest, Virginia, with a population of 880,200, and the smallest, Indiana, with 5,641 inhabitants. Virginia still took the lead at the third census, in 1810, with a population of 974,601. At the fourth census, in 1820, there were 27 States, New York standing first with 1,372,111, and Michigan last with 8,765 inhabitants. All the succeeding enumerations gave the State of New York the first place. The sixth census, of 1840, included 29 States. The seventh census, of 1850, added 2 Territories, New Mexico and Utah, to 33 existing States. At the eighth census, of 1860, there were 36 States and 6 Territories, while the ninth census included 37 States and 10 Territories; the tenth, 38 States and 9 Territories.

Of a total population of 36,761,607 over ten years of age, 17,392,099 were engaged in the various professional and industrial occupations, and of these 2,647,157 were females. These were distributed as follows:

Of those engaged in agriculture, 4,225,945 were returned as farmers and planters, and 3,323,876 as agricultural labourers. Of the 'professional and personal' class, 1,859,223 were labourers and 1,075,655 domestic servants, 67,081 Government officials, 85,671 physicians and surgeons, 64,698 clergymen, and 64,137 lawyers. Of those engaged in trade and transpor tation, about 280,000 were 'traders and dealers.' Of the last class 234,228 are returned as miners; 114,539 as engaged in iron and steel works; 169,771 cotton mill operatives; saw-mill operatives, 77,050; silkmill operatives, 18.071; woollen-mill operatives, 88,010.

AREA OF INDIAN RESERVATIONS, POPULATION, AND BIRTHS AND DEATHS OF INDIANS IN EACH STATE AND TERRITORY OF THE UNITED STATES DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1887.

In 1882 the United States spent nearly 10 million dollars on the Indians, and in 1888 over 6 million dollars. There are 66 agencies throughout the States.

Of the population of the States and Territories in 1880, 43,475,840 were natives, and 6,679,943 foreign-born. Including the latter there were 12,978,394 residents of foreign-born parentage. Of this total 4,529,523 had Irish fathers, and 4,444,421 Irish mothers; 4,883,842 German fathers, and 4,557,629 German mothers; 2,039,808 with fathers, and 1,790,200 with mothers, natives of Great Britain.

The following table shows the origin of the foreign-born population at the census of 1880:

It will thus be seen that the foreign-born population formed 13.3 per cent. of the total population, and of that 41.5 per cent. are natives of the United Kingdom, and of these two-thirds come from Ireland. Of the total foreign-born population 71 per cent. came from Great Britain and Germany, and only a small percentage came from countries not prevailingly Teutonic. Besides the countries above mentioned, at least seventeen others are represented among the foreign-born population of the United States. Of New York city one-third of the population is foreign-born.

II. MOVEMENT OF POPULATION.

There is no systematic registration of births, deaths, and marriages in the United States, so that it is not possible to ascertain the growth of population by the excess of births alone. The death-rate is comparatively low; in 1880 the death-rate among the whites was 1474 per 1,000, and among coloured 17.28 per 1,000. The highest death-rate among whites was in New Mexico, 22:04 per 1,000, and the lowest in Arizona, 7-91 per 1,000; the highest among coloured in the District of Columbia, 35-25, and the lowest in Arizona, 1.89.

From 1775 to 1815 immigration into the United States was very small, on account of the American Revolution and the European wars, not over 3,000 or 4,000 a year arriving during this period. When peace between England and America was re-established, in 1815, immigration took a fresh start. The total number of immigrants from 1820 to 1882 (June 30) was 11,597,181. The following statement shows the number of immigrants arrived in the United States from the leading foreign countries during the decade ending June 30, 1889, with the total number of immigrants during that period:

7,191 4,313

457,257

10,655 5,227

669,431

21,590 6,003

788,992

603,322

3,608

518,592

1880 144,876 84,638 65,657 17,267 12,354 1881 153,718 210,485 81,582 27,935 15,401 1882 179,423 250,630 105,326 29,150 32,084 1883 158,092 194,786 71,994 27,625 31,792 9,809 4,821 1884 129,294 179,676 52,728 35,571| 16,510| 17,226 1885 109,508 124,443 40,704 27,309 13,599 20,243 3,493 395,346 1886 112,548 84,403 46,735 28,680 21,315 21,739 3,318 334,203 1887 161,748 106,865 67,629 40,265 47,622 36,894 5,034 490,109 1888 182,203 109,717 81,924 45,811 51,075 39,313 6,454 546,889 1889 153,549 99,538 57,504 34,174 24,848 31,889 5,918 444,427

The total includes other countries besides those mentioned. Of the total immigrants in 1889, 263,024 were males and 181,403 females.

The total number of Chinese immigrants between 1855 and 1885 was 274,399, but the total number reported in the census of 1880 was 105,465, Many are supposed to have returned. By a law passed in 1882. Chinese immigration has been prohibited for ten years. Since July 1, 1885, immigrants from the Dominion of Canada and Mexico are not included.

The following table shows the comparative increase of the population during the last four decades by reproduction and by immigration:

There were in 1870 twenty-five and in 1880 thirty-five towns in the United States with upwards of 50,000 inhabitants. The following table gives the population of the thirty-five towns in 1870, and also the figures of population for 1880, showing the growth within the decennial period:-

The Constitution of the United States grants perfect equality to all creeds and religions, and this guaranty is repeated in the Constitutions of the thirty-eight States. Nearly all the sects and religious denominations existing in Europe are represented in