UNIVERSITY DEGREES (3rd S. 210.)-If your correspondent LL.D. will refer to the last edition of the Oxford Statutes (1861, p. 134), or the last year's Calendar (p. 126), he will find that Masters of Arts, and Bachelors and Doctors of Civil Law, Medicine, or Divinity, of Cambridge or Dublin, may be admitted comitatis causâ to all the privileges of these several degrees in Oxford, except the right of voting, and the title of graduates of Oxford. The ad eundem is transformed into comitatis causâ, amongst many other changes.

S. T. P.

CREST OF PRINCE OF WALES (3rd S. iv. 209.) The coronet with three plumes, and the initials "C. P. 1636," at the back of the chancel in High Laver Church, Essex, and in the front of the chancel the royal arms of Charles I., may be simply accounted for thus:-1636 was about the time when Charles determined to reign without a Parliament, and on all occasions insisted on the divine right of kings. When James I. came to the throne, he issued an order that the previous practice of setting up the royal arms in parish churches, which had in some measure been neglected, should be renewed, with the Scotch unicorn as joint supporter with the British lion. In High Laver parish, there were probably no royal arms in the church; and in many other parishes also. In such places Charles required them to be replaced, as a demonstration of the ruling power in England. And by way of further increasing and perpetuating "the powers that be," he added the crest of the Prince of Wales: C. P. (Prince Charles), afterwards Charles II. I have lately returned from a tour in Essex and the Suffolk coast; and at Ipswich I observed, in St. Margaret's Church, the Prince of Wales's feathers on one of the side walls, the royal arms being on the front of the chancel; but on neither board were there any initials, or date of the reign when there set up. And also, in "Sparrowe's House," which has the royal arms on its front, I observed the Prince's feathers in a quaint old court with a gallery running round it, in the interior of the mansion. Why, how, or when these emblems of royalty came there, I shall offer no opinion. I may simply add, that Prince's feathers with the king's arms in churches are exceptions, and not the general rule. QUEEN'S GARDENS. LONDON UNIVERSITY (3rd S. iv. 247.)- Your correspondent MR. WYNNE E. BAXTER will find a short historical account of the University from the pen of its late Registrar, Dr. Rothman, in Professor Francis W. Newman's translation of The English Universities of Prof. V. A. Huber, London: Pickering. JOHN W. BONE, B.A.

41, Bedford Square, W.C. FIGURES IN STONES (3rd S. iv. 109.)-In the British Museum is a specimen of Egyptian jasper,

the natural markings of which present a very tolerable likeness of Chaucer the poet. It is engraved in the volume on Geology, Crystallography, and Mineralogy in Orr's Circle of the Sciences (London, 1855), p. 509. J. WOODWARD.

New Shoreham.

THE EARL OF SEFTON (3rd S. iv. 148, 198, 257.). Charles William, eighth Viscount Molyneaux, was created Earl of Sefton, November 30th, 1771; and having married Lady Isabella Stanhope, left an only son William, whose son's son is the present and fourth Earl of Sefton. Therefore, notwithstanding MR. REDMOND's reference to Burke's Peerage, I think I was right in questioning his statement, that "the Earl of Sefton, of Croxteth Hall, near this town [Liverpool], was about eighty or ninety years ago a Roman Catholic priest." As you have inserted MR. REDMOND's rejoinder, please give a corner to mine. ABHBA.

The nobleman who, according to Debrett's Peerage, "entered into the holy orders of the Church of Rome," was Richard, seventh Viscount Molyneux. His nephew, Charles William, ninth Viscount Molyneux, was advanced to the dignity of Earl of Sefton, Nov. 30, 1771, and was, I believe, great grandfather of the present peer.

E. H. A.

PARISH REGISTERS: TOMBSTONES AND THEIR INSCRIPTIONS (3rd S. iv. 226.)-As to the suggestion of ANTIQUARIUS that copies be made of the inscriptions in city and village churchyards, it does not appear how such could be made available for inspection. I had intended, previously to reading the suggestion of ANTIQUARIUS, to suggest to "N. & Q." the desirableness of copies of all parish registers of marriages, baptisms, and deaths being made up to the date of the Registration Act of 1836, since which time registers of births, deaths, and marriages have been kept by district registrars, and then forwarded quarterly to the General Register Office at Somerset House. If the course taken for the publishing of the Registers of the private chapel at Somerset House were adopted for the registers alluded to, the difficulty would be at once surmounted, and thus would be formed volumes of no ordinary interest and value. No clergyman would suffer any loss in fees, I believe, as a certified copy of any register under his hand would still be required by many persons, and as frequently as at present. E.

SALT IN BAPTISM (3rd S. iv. 246.)—The use of salt in baptism dates from a very early period in the history of the Christian church. It has been referred by some to Ezekiel, xvi. 4: "As for thy nativity, in the day thou wast born thy navel was not cut, neither wast thou washed in water to supple thee; thou wast not salted at all, nor swaddled at all." Milk and honey were also

given to the new baptised, as typical of the blessings of the heavenly Canaan into which they were by Baptism admitted. Others derive them from Isaiah, vii. 15: "Butter and honey shall he eat, that he may know how to refuse the evil and choose the good." Some writers, as Robertson, Church History, vol. i. p. 319, are of opinion that

the use of salt was introduced in the fourth century. Honey and milk were familiar symbols to the primitive Church. We find in the Apostolical Canons, can. 2, an order made forbidding these, among other things, to be used in the Holy Sacrament, or as the Canon terms it, "the Sacrifice at the Altar." Cf. SS. Hieron., Cyril, and the ancient Fathers, passim, for the mystical significance of honey and the like symbols.

W. BOWEN ROWLANDS.

May I inform MR. MORRIS, in answer to his query, that salt is used in the baptism of Turcoman children, for I recollect an instance of this when visiting these gipsy woodcutters in Asia Minor. The father, by-the-way, was Evrhaim, the son of Kushuk Mehmet the Bashi, and the wife was named Fatimeh; their tents that year being pitched in the forests of Tchin-tcharr-lutchai.

I find on referring to my diary that the children are baptised long before circumcision, and that this ordinance is performed by the women dipping the child two or three times in a skin of salt and water, the name being pronounced by the mother, and written down by the scribe of the encampment.

The men take no interest in the ceremony, except to eat during its performance a good slice of halvar, or honied cake, and drink copiously of yoort, or thickened milk. The custom, they say, they brought with them from Central Asia, and is common with many besides themselves; though, on inquiring of the Bedouins when at the Dead Sea, who resemble the Turcomans the most (the Mongolian features excepted), I could learn nothing of the salt and water practice there.

W. EASSIE.

High Orchard House, Gloucester. P.S. MR. CAMPBELL (3rd S. iv. 168) should read O'Brien's History of the Tuath-de-danaans, and Villanueva's Ibernia Phænicea; scarce books I understand, but which I shall be happy to lend him.

RHYMES TO DICKENS AND THACKERAY (3rd S. iv. 207, 277.)

"His homely characters, our great Charles Dickens Into real living Household inmates quickens Subtle as snakes, or innocent as chickens. "With trenchant wit, our William Makepeace Thacke

ray

Heaps caustic truths in anything but slack array,
And in each gibe, of genius we can track a ray."
J. J. B. WORKARD.

BAAL WORSHIP (3rd S. iv. 168, 251.) —I would refer those of your readers who are interested in this subject to a work which may not be much known to the generality of them, brought out under the auspices of the late Lord John Scott, himself a contributor to your columns. The author is the Rev. A. Hislop, and the book entitled The Two Babylons. It treats very fully of the origin several of the festivals of the Roman church. of the worship of Baal, and its connection with H. W.

“On my venture in Sir Walter Rawleigh's Voiage. "I, Being perswaded (not by reason led), For Gold vnto Gwyan aduentured;

Great were our hopes of good successe, for none
Expected lesse to gaine then fiue for one;
But following fate (she fickle) thither led,
Where neyther they of Gold nor Siluer sped;
But poore, distrest, homeward return againe,
Mony, liues, labour, all was spent in vaine.
The hopefull necke of their designe was broke;
For all their Gold was vanish't into smoke.
Thus I lost all; wherefore it is a signe,
Tho' found no mine of Gold yet gold of mine.
J. H."

"Censure on the Voyage to Gwyana.
"Svndry oppinions abroad are spread,
Why the Gwyanians no better sped;
Some say they were preuented out of Spayne;
Others, because some did returne againe;
Some say, 'twas sicknesse; others their abode,
So long ere they put from the English Rode;
Some say their General's absence; but the most
Say Captaine Kemish death, when he was lost
All was ouerthrowne, he onely was to doe it,
And that Sir Walter came but Rawly to it.

J. H."
G. J. HAY.

TYDIDES (3rd S. iv. 129.) — Might not Tydides be meant for Bishop Warburton? A comparison of the head on the table with the bishop's portrait would probably decide the point. X. X.

CHIEF BARON EDWARD WILLES: JUDGE EDWARD WILLES (3rd S. i. 487.)-I do not find that any information has been given to MR. Foss in reply to his query, as to the identity of Edward Willes, the Chief Baron of the Irish Exchequer,

and Edward Willes, the English Judge. Perhaps he will accept the following as an instalment. In Beatson's Political Index, 1788, in "A List of Lord Chief Barons of the (Irish) Exchequer,

from 1714 to 1784," it is stated that Edward Willes, Esq., was appointed Lord Chief Baron in 1757," Vice Bowes made Lord Chancellor;" and in 1766 is the following entry; "Anthony Foster, Esq.; vice Willes made Solicitor-General in Eng land." In another part of the same work, I find the date of his appointment as Solicitor-General given as August, 1766. His successor in that office, Jo. Dunning, Esq., received his appointment December 23, 1767; and in the same month and year Willes was constituted one of the puisne justices of the King's Bench. D. M. STEVENS.

Guildford.

MR. SERJEANT BIRCH, CURSITOR BARON (3rd S. i. 29.)-As exactness in matters of detail is and should be a prominent characteristic of "N. & Q.," allow me to point out that Beatson, in the second edition of his Political Index, London, 1788, says that Birch took the degree of Serjeant on the 8th of June, 1705, and became a Cursitor Baron of the Exchequer on the 11th December, 1730; while MR. Foss places the former event in 1706, and the latter in 1729. Which is correct? D. M. STEVENS.

BEATTIE'S "POEMS" (3rd S. i. 35, 98.)-Your correspondent J. O. appears to doubt the genuineness of the London imprint to Beattie's early poems in 1760; but Sir William Forbes, his friend and biographer, distinctly states that his (Beattie's) first appearance in print, in his own character, was by the publication in London, in the year 1760, of a small collection, entitled Original Poems and Translations, to which he prefixed his name, and dedicated it to the Earl of Erroll."

66

The dedication, which is not mentioned by either of your correspondents, taken in connection with the following table of contents, as given in the second edition of Sir William Forbes' Life of Beattie, vol. i. p. 59, should serve to identify the first edition of the poet's works. The contents of

this small volume were —

"Ode to Peace.

of Melancholy," were omitted from his later editions. D. M. STEVENS.

The word referred to by Jones, and Liddell and GREEK PHRASE (3rd S. iv. 167, 240, 255.) — Scott in Plutarch is ἀποσφενδόνητοι. It occurs in Dr. Chauncy, "they that were repulsed with the Greek Questions No. 11, and is rendered by be a Greek form of expression. Gregory Naziansling stones.' I doubt if ἀποσφενδονᾷν τὰ χρήματα lus (i. 169, 194), is referred to for àwoopedóvaw in zen has the form σφενδονᾷ τὰ θηρία. Diodorus SicuStephen's Thesaurus by Valpy, but I have not been able to verify such reference in my edition (Tauchnitz, 1829). A like instance of difficulty on the word àreσpevdovío@noav is in Schleusner's reference to "4 Macc. xvi. 21," instead of "Josephus, Macc. xvi.;" for it is well known that the fourth book of Maccabees does not exist in Greek. It

appears, however, that this work of Josephus has been added to two editions of the Septuagint book of Maccabees! (Eichhorn, Apok. Schrift. (Bâle, 1545, and Frankfort, 1597), as the fourth 290.) T. J. BUCKTON.

COAL (3rd S. iv. 267.)- Before the introduction of mineral coal, wood prepared for fuel was termed coal; hence charcoal charred wood, and probably coal-harbour, cole-harbour, and coldharbour, meaning the harbour or store-yard of of wood-coal. King Coal, in the line "C was King Coal, of Oxford the pride," I take to be a relative of, if not identical with, "Good King Cole a merry old soul," and not the mineral coal, which when first introduced were called "stones." King Coal may have been the fuel merchant. His name is of the same origin as our boats called heels. If coal, the mineral, exist under Oxford, it will be at such a great depth that for many generations Dr. Buckland's successors may safely undertake to eat the first lump brought up. T. J. BUCKTON. Dagnia, of South Shields, Gent., bought an estate DAGNIA FAMILY (3rd S. iv. 209, 257.) — John at Cleadon, in the parish of Whitburn, and county of Durham in the last century. James, son of the above, purchased the shares of three brothers, John, Edward, and Onesiphorus, and two sisters. Evan Deer and Sara Dagnia were married at Whitburn Dec. 4, 1748. (Sharp's Chronicon Mirabile, p. 29). James Dagnia, Esq., of Cleadon Hall, a celebrated amateur in painting, bought Wolsington, near Newcastle-on-Tyne, of the Jennisons, and sold it to the ancestor of the present possessor, Matthew Bell, Esq. I find in the Newcastle poll-books, 1774-1780, Edward and Onesiphorus Dagnia voting as skinners and glovers; and John Dagnia of Newcastle, and Wm. Dagnia of London, voting as merchants. E. H. A.

Ceol was King of Wessex (Bede, A.D. 590), and not of Mercia, which included Oxford.

ROMAN USES (3rd S. iv. 129, 172.)-4. In Belgium all the priests who belong to the Malines diocese may be recognised by wearing blue collars, instead of white. They are usually, I believe, made up of small beads.

Δ. δ.

Miscellaneous..

NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.

The Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature, &c. By William Thomas Lowndes. New Edition, revised, corrected, and enlarged, by Henry G. Bohn. Part IX. (Bohn.)

Whatever may be the shortcomings of Mr. Bohn's new edition of Lowndes-and we are not prepared to deny that such may be found in it-there can be little doubt that it is not only an enlargement of, but an improvement upon, the original work. We are glad, therefore, to see it rapidly approaching completion. The present issue, being Part IX., extends from "Simon's Irish Coins" to "Utterson"; and includes of course many important articles, the most prominent being that on "The New Testament," in which Mr. Bohn has been assisted by Mr. Henry Stevens, Mr. George Offor, and Mr. Francis Fry of Bristol. Another Part, which will complete the work, may, we understand, be expected in the course of three or four months.

The Personalities of the Forest of Dean; being a Relation of its successive Officials, Gentry, and Commonalty, &c. By the Rev. H. G. Nicholls, M.A., Perpetual Curate of Holy Trinity, Dean Forest. (Murray.)

Our readers may remember our calling their attention, in very favourable terms, to Mr. Nicholl's Historical and Descriptive Account of the Forest of Dean. To that local description the present is a personal supplement, which gives completeness to a very interesting Monograph. The Home and Foreign Review. No. VI. October.

The new number of this able journal contains several articles of considerable interest, among which we would particularly notice that on Dante and his Commentators, which almost exhausts the subject; that on the "Mediæval Fables of the Popes ;" and that on the "Formation of the English Counties," in which justice is done to the genius and acquirements of the late John Mitchell Kemble. The "Sketch of Contemporary Literature," in which notice is taken of no less than sixty-three books of importance recently published, is far from the least valuable feature of this number of The Home and Foreign Review.

The Journal of Sacred Literature and Biblical Record. No. VII. New Series.

Like the periodical we have just noticed, this new number of The Journal of Sacred Literature renders good service by its numerous notices of new publications. The leading articles in the number before us are: "On Current Methods of Biblical Criticism;" "The Gustavus Adolphus Society;" "The Chronology, Topography, and Archæology of the Life of Christ;" "The Epistle of Barnabas;" "Buddhism;""Ethiopic Liturgies and Hymns;" "The Bordeaux Pilgrim in Palestine;" and "Renau's Life of Jesus." These, with the Correspondence and Miscellanies, form a valuable and varied mass of Biblical information.

LORD LYNDHURST.-A great and good man has passed away from among us. Ripe in years, rich in honours,

and universally lamented-for it was his happiness to have outlived all political animosity-LORD LYNDHURST died on Monday last, in the ninety-second year of his age, leaving a name which will be remembered while one page of England's history remains. To the reputation of a profound Lawyer and an enlightened Statesman, which he achieved in the earlier part of his career, he added in his latter days that of a true-hearted Patriot; and those who remember how, when fourscore and eight years had passed over his head, that "old man eloquent," with all the energy of youth and all the wisdom of age, warned the people of England "not to consent to live in dependence on the friendship and forbearance of any country, but to rely solely on their own vigour, their own exertions, and their own intelligence," will probably agree with us in regarding the two emphatic wordswords of solemn and most significant import "VÆ VICTIS! " with which he wound up that wonderful oration, as the true war-cry which called into existence our thousands of Volunteers. One word more. Brilliant as was LORD LYNDHURST's intellect, his large-heartedness was quite as striking. We have received at his hands great and unsolicited kindnesses; and his honoured name can never be mentioned by us but with feelings of gratitude and affection. Peace to His Memory!