Roman Catholics (with 3 bishoprics), 5,805 are Jews, and the rest belong to different faiths. The population of Serajevo in Bosnia is 36,268, and of Mostar in Herzegovina 12,665. The Mohammedans have increased by about 44,000 since 1879. Of the adult male population 84 per cent. are farmers and peasants. Practically belonging to the Austro-Hungarian empire, though not incorporated with it by any treaty, is the small principality of Liechtenstein, enclosed in the Austrian province of Tyrol and Vorarlberg, with an area of 68 English square miles, and a population of 9,124 in 1880, nearly all Roman Catholics. The inhabitants of the principality pay no taxes, nor are they liable to military service. The following table exhibits the number of births, deaths, and marriages, with the surplus of births, in both Austria Proper and the lands of the Hungarian Crown, for a quinquennial period, according to the latest official returns: Included in the above in 1885 there were 24,538 still-born, or 2.77 per cent. of the total births. Of the total births 132,182, or 14.93 per cent., were illegitimate. In Carinthia, in 1883, nearly one-half the births were illegitimate; in Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, one-fourth; in Upper Austria, one-fifth; the lowest was in Dalmatia, 3 per cent. At the end of 1883 there were 11,599 criminals in the prisons of Austria. In institutions for the poor in 1883 there were 209,972 persons. Included in the number of births in 1884 there were 11,488, or * Including Croatia-Slavonia and Fiume, except in the case of the still-born. 1.7 per cent. children still-born. Of the total births 60,787 were illegitimate, or 8:07 per cent. of the whole. According to official statement only 7,215 persons emigrated from Austria in 1885; but according to the returns from Hamburg and Bremen, 20,558 Austrians left those ports, in addition to 13,195 Hungarians, in 1885. The ethnical elements of the population are as follow (1880) on the basis of language : In Austria 2,275,117 of the population were returned as farming their own lands, 90,036 as tenant-farmers, and 3,739,421 as farm-labourers; or 6,000,000 people directly engaged in agriculture; with their families they form nearly 60 per cent. of the population of Austria. The number of large land-owners (paying over 1,000 florins of land tax to the collector of one district) had risen from 1,110 in 1880 to 1,133 in 1883. There were in 1880 1,305 mining proprietors and 116,565 workers; 575,811 manufacturing proprietors and 1,541,287 workers; 185,405 traders with 124,668 assistants. In Hungary there were 1,451,707 farm-proprietors, 23,393 tenant-farmers, and 1,373,768 farm-labourers, or over 2,720,000 people directly engaged in agriculture; 173 mining proprietors and 25,732 miners; 380,786 engaged in manufactures with 385,630 workers; 97,300 engaged in trade with 79,995 assistants. The following were the populations of the principal towns of Austria-Hungary in 1880 Trade and Industry. The commerce of Austria-Hungary, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, comprising imports and exports of merchandise, but not bullion, for the whole of the empire, except the province of Dalmatia -not within the Imperial line of customs-was as follows in each of the ten years 1876 to 1885 :— The following tables show the values of the leading articles of import and export in 1885: Instruments, watches, &c. 46,944,551 | Cotton and cotton goods. . 35,666,612 Paper and paper goods The value of gold, silver, and bullion exported in 1885 was 8,727,579 florins, the imports being 12,282,529 florins. The transit trade of Austria-Hungary for 1884 was valued at 310,966,000 florins. The following table shows the routes by which the commerce of 1885 entered and left the country, excluding bullion and specie: 18,779,181 16,604,457 The special trade of Hungary amounted in 1885 to 455,163,231 florins for imports, and 398,448,183 florins for exports. Of the imports 80 per cent. were from Austria, and of the exports, 71.6 per cent. went to Austria. From the Board of Trade Returns the direct trade with Great Britain is shown in the following table : The staple article exported to the United Kingdom from Austria is grain and flour, the total value of which, in the year 1885, amounted to 1,777,5167. This comprised barley, valued 323,3821., and wheat flour, valued 1,411,7917. The principal imports of British and Irish produce into Austria are cotton manufactures (including yarn), 319,0627.; iron, 98,9297.; machinery, 68,3987.; oil-seed, 80,9887. ; coals, 27,7061.; and woollen goods, 41,2067. in 1885. Of the total area of Austria-Hungary 94 per cent. is productive. The total productive acreage of Austria Proper was 70 million acres in 1884, of which 26,000,000 acres were arable; 7,500,000 meadow land; 620,000 vineyards; woods and forests cover 24,000,000 acres. In 1884 the leading agricultural products were as follow: The average produce of wheat and rye per acre in 1884 was 15 bushels; of barley, 18-4 bushels; oats, 22.8 bushels. In 1880 Austria possessed 1,463,282 horses (owned by 649,880 proprietors), 8,584,077 cattle (2,122,931 proprietors), 3,841,340 sheep (408,867 proprietors), 2,721,541 swine (1,111,540 proprietors), and 1,006,675 goats (500,126 proprietors); the total value of the live-stock being estimated at 48,699,2481. Of the total cultivable area of Hungary in 1883, 52,800,000 acres were devoted to agriculture, including grass, meadows, and pasture; 1,062,500 to vineyards; and the remainder, including Transylvania, to woods and forests. The agricultural returns are as follow for 1885: Hungary in 1884 had 1,748,859 horses, 4,879,038 cattle, 10,594,831 sheep, and 270,192 goats. An official estimate issued in 1884 of the annual value of Austrian manufacturing industries in 1880 gave it at over 100 millions sterling. The total value of the mining products of Hungary, raw and worked, in 1884 was 22,512,186 florins; in addition to which, the product of the salt-mines was valued at 13,824,581 florins. The number of persons engaged in mining and iron-works in 1884 was 45,719. |