brought from Columbus, Montana, in the fall of 1902.

dred and twenty-five horses were included in this lot.

About one hun

All but about

forty of these were sold in Georgetown and to the farmers of the sur

XShowing approximate location, in townships, where horses
affected with glanders were destroyed; o Showing where
suspected or exposed horses have been examined, or are
in quarantine;
Same as O ,but indicating from ten

to twenty horses.

rounding country, the remainder being taken to West Union, the county seat of Adams county, and scattered broadcast over the country from that point.

The disease was first reported from Feesburg, in Brown county, September, 1903. It was reported that most of the horses in the shipment above referred to, were suffering from "shipping fever" when they arrived in Georgetown. "Shipping fever," which term signifies no definite form of disease, in this case seems to have been glanders, pure and simple.

Steps were taken to make a thorough investigation and locate every horse, as far as this was possible, that was included in this infected lot.

Thus far not more than half of these animals have been examined and tested with mallein. Of the other half single animals are from time to time reported to the Board and these are tested at the earliest possible

date. Most of them will however never be located since, without a doubt, they have died from the effects of the disease with which they were afflicted.

In all cases, where any of these Western horses were discovered, all other horses that had been in contact with them, as far as could be ascertained, were examined, and where it was deemed advisable tested with mallein. Nearly two hundred horses were examined and ninety were subjected to the mallein test. The mallein test requires taking of the temperature of the suspected animal at intervals of three or four hours during the day, the subcutaneous injection of the mallein at a late hour in the evening, either at 10 P. M. or at 12 P. M., and then resuming the recording of the temperature of the animal the next day at 4 A. M. or 6 A. M., respectively, and every two hours thereafter for eighteen hours, or until it has been definitely ascertained whether or not a reaction will follow the application of the mallein. Since it rarely happened that more than one or two suspected animals could be located at the same time, and in the same locality, the work connected with this investigation was

enormous.

The Board was fortunate in being able to secure the services of Dr. M. B. Lamb in assisting Dr. Fischer in this work. The expense incurred during the few weeks that it was necessary to employ Dr. Lamb, however, proved to be a severe strain on the finances of the board, and it seems that in future, emergencies of this character should be provided for by a somewhat larger appropriation for general expenses. Ten thousand dollars per annum for the strictly veterinary work would enable the Board to make a vastly better showing at the end of the year, for good accomplished. This is just half the amount of money placed at the disposal of the cattle commissioners of the smallest state of the Union, Rhode Island, with a live stock valuation, for the state, of $2,281,807.00, while the live stock of Ohio is valued, at least, at one hundred and twenty million dollars, or over fifty times as much as that of Rhode Island. Yet the latter state finds it profitable to expend twenty thousand dollars yearly for the protection of its live stock against the invasion. of infectious diseases from other states and countries.

A live stock sanitary commission, or a cattle bureau, is not a luxury, but a stringent necessity, and whatever money may be expended in the conduct of its work is a profitable investment for the whole state. Nor would the farmer and stock owner alone profit by this investment; the health of the domestic animals of the state concerns everybody. It is important that the four hundred and.twenty-five million gallons of milk produced annually in this state come from healthy cows and that the eighty-seven million pounds of butter and nineteen million pounds of cheese be produced from pure milk. Some of the most dreaded diseases of the human family, such as glanders, anthrax, tuberculosis, rabies, etc., also occur in animals, and the latter are frequently the cause of the spread of these diseases to human beings.

But to return to the subject of glanders; to a slight extent, this disease exists, no doubt, in every part of the state, and particularly in the large cities, in which the Board has done very little active work. To what extent the disease may spread, if neglected even for a comparatively short time, has been shown in Brown and Adams counties. Under present conditions it would be a comparatively inexpensive matter to thoroughly control this disease in Ohio, even to exterminate it completely but if the work is neglected we must soon face conditions like those existing in some of the other states, eastern and western, but notably Massachusetts, where, during the last two years the loss from this disease, among horses, exceeded six hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars, and the problem of ridding the state of the disease is approaching the magnitude of that of tuberculosis among cattle.

Map showing counties from which outbreaks of Hog Cholera or
Swine Plague were reported to the Board during the past year.

These two diseases, affecting animals that are the basis of an industry representing millions of dollars, and suffering annual losses of over half a million dollars due, chiefly, to the ravages of these diseases, are not receiving, and cannot receive, the attention that they should be given by the State Board of Live Stock Commissioners until provisions are made for carrying on the work in an effective manner. The control of hog cholera and swine plague requires large funds and, with these, intelligent and willing co-operation on the part of the owners of swine. At the present time there is manifested a tendency, on the part of many owners, to suppress information regarding the appearance of these. diseases in their herds, rather than to aid the Board in locating them. The explanation of this is apparently the fear entertained by the owners

of affected animals that any measures that are enforced with a view to controlling the diseases will necessarily result in a pecuniary loss to them. While this is true in a certain sense, in a few cases, it is certainly not so when a broader view is taken of the subject.

After either of these diseases has affected an animal, that animal, in all probability, will be a total loss to the owner. In most cases the diseases are incurable, and the meat of a diseased animal ought not to be considered as fit for human food.

The Board is endeavoring, as in the past, to aid the swine breeders and feeders of the state in controlling these diseases by inviting the owners of infected herds to report outbreaks as soon as they become known and receive in return advice and assistance, where the latter can be given, that will lead to the saving of at least a part of the herd, and that will tend to check the progress of the disease among those of their neighbors.

It has been shown that the introduction of certain sanitary measures will do more toward saving a large part of an infected herd of swine than any medicine yet discovered.

A bulletin on the prevention of swine plague and hog cholera was issued by the Board some time ago and copies of this are sent to all persons applying for the same, or who request information that it contains.

The above map shows the distribution of these diseases, by counties, as far as outbreaks have been reported to the Board during the past year.