tagious malady, and it being the opinion of this State Board of Live Stock Commissioners that in order to prevent the further spread of such dangerous, contagious and infectious disease among the live stock of the state, it is necessary that such animals be killed.

It is, therefore, hereby ordered that such animals, after being duly appraised, as provided in section 4211-16 of the Revised Statutes of Ohio, be killed; and it is further ordered that Dr. Paul Fischer, the State Veterinarian, without unnecessary delay, kill, or cause to be killed, the following animals so found to be affected with glanders, and to cause their carcasses to be buried or burned:

One gray mare, owned by J. W. Trout, Feesburg, Brown county, Ohio.

One bay gelding, owned by J. C. Trout, Feesburg, Brown county, Ohio.

One bay mare, owned by Herman Seidel, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio.

One sorrel mare, owned by Herman Seidel, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio.

One gray colt, owned by Thomas Andrews, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio.

One bay gelding, owned by Thomas Andrews, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio.

One bay gelding owned by Al. Masterson, Georgetown, Brown county, Ohio.

One bay mare, owned by Andrew Fite, Blue, Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One sorrel gelding owned by Andrew Fite, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One gray gelding, owned by Jackson Cooper, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One brown mare, owned by Frank Ross, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One sorrel gelding, owned by Green N. Teachnor, Decatur, Brown county, Ohio.

One dun gelding, owned by Mrs. Sarah Parks, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One gray gelding, owned by Louis Ogden, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

One gray mare, owned by Louis Ogden, Blue Creek, Adams county, Ohio.

Mr. Hinsdale submitted the following, which was adopted:

It being the opinion of the State Board of Live Stock Commissioners that glanders is a dangerous, contagious and infectious disease, and that any animal, or animals, affected by such disease are in

curable, and that when any animal, or animals, are so affected by such disease it is necessary, in order to prevent the spread of such dangerous, contagious or infectious disease among the live stock of the state, to destroy such animal, or animals; it is therefore ordered that whenever the State Veterinarian, in the employ of the Board of Live Stock Commissioners, upon examination shall find and so report that any animal, or animals, are affected by such dangerous. and contagious malady, that said veterinarian shall kill, or cause to be killed, such animal, or animals, and their carcasses to be either burned or buried; and in the event that such animal, or animals, are destroyed, such animal, or animals, shall be appraised, as provided by section 4211-25, R. S.

It is further ordered that any animal, or animals, affected with glanders, and found to be so affected, by the State Veterinarian in the employ of this Board, shall be quarantined, and any member of such Board is hereby authorized to order such animals in quarantine and order the premises or farms where such disease exists to be quarantined.

Such quarantine may be under the supervision of the State Veterinarian, or a member of the Board, or other person duly authorized by said Board, or by a member thereof.

At subsequent meetings of the Board, brief reports of the Veterinarian were submitted for consideration and such action taken as the reports called for.

The diseases that have been investigated, and to which time has otherwise been devoted, are as follows:

Among Horses: Glanders, mange, coital exanthema and dourine, rabies (hydrophobia), mould poisoning, strangles (distemper), influenza, malignant tumors, azoturia, etc.

Among Cattle: Tuberculosis, mange, rabies, Southern cattle fever (Texas fever), actinomycosis (big jaw), infectious keratitis (sore eyes), anthrax, lice, Tinea (ring worm), digestive disorders, etc.

Among Sheep: Nodular disease (Oesophagostoma Columbiana) and scab.

Among Swine: Rabies, hog cholera and swine plague.
Among Dogs: Rabies.

Among Fowls: Cholera, roup and rabies.

Most of the time of the Veterinarian, and funds at the disposal of the Board, have been devoted to the control and eradication of glanders among horses. During the year twenty-eight horses and mules affected with glanders have been destroyed by order of the Board, the total for the past two years being sixty-one. These animals were appraised at five thousand and sixty-two dollars and fifty cents ($5,062.50).

In the state of Massachusetts, with only about one fifth as many horses as there are in Ohio, fifteen hundred and ninety-seven horses

affected with glanders were destroyed by the Massachusetts Cattle Bureau, during a similar period (1902 and 1903).* A moderate estimate of the value of these animals is given at one hundred and twenty, to one hundred and thirty thousand dollars! Our actual losses, as far as figures at the disposal of the Board are concerned, are less than seven thousand dollars, for approximately the same period. This is a most gratifying condition and no effort should be spared to maintain it.

Glanders is constantly being imported from other states through the shipment of infected horses. Without proper control of the disease, which means the strict enforcement of wise sanitary measures, it would be only a question of time, and not a long time, when glanders would be just as prevalent in Ohio as in some other states, and even more so, because the states referred to are spending vast sums of money, annually, for its suppression. In Ohio we have every advantage in having comparatively healthy stock to begin with, but the opportunity to preserve this condition should not be neglected.

The appropriations at the disposal of the Board for carrying on the work assigned to it under the law, for the past three years, were, and are, insufficient. It is hoped that the next legislature will provide sufficient funds so that at least such work can be done as seems absolutely necessary to guard against the possible introduction of dangerous infectious diseases from other states. This refers not only to glanders in horses, and to mange, which has been the cause. of some expense to the Board during the past year, and to such other diseases as already exist within our borders, but to exotic diseases as well. Every dollar appropriated for live stock sanitary work would be repaid the state a thousandfold in checking the ravages of disease, and in creating that feeling of security which attends a knowledge of protection against certain dreaded plagues. Although the farmer and the live stock owner are more directly affected by the condition of the health of our domestic animals than others, still every citizen of the state is interested in the improved quality of animal food products and their greater freedom from undesirable disease germs, which result from better sanitary conditions.

Fortunately, even under the present cramped financial condition, the general willing co-operation of live stock owners has enabled the Board to accomplish a great deal of good and effective work.

The enforcement, by the Board, of certain necessary regulations such, for example, as the destruction of a horse, or team of horses, which often represent the entire capital of a man, and his only means of providing bread for a family, is not a wholly pleasant duty, nor is it an easy matter to convince him that his horse, with no conspicuous symptom of disease, is a very dangerous animal. He cannot understand that such an animal may continue to live in apparently the same

*Second and Fourth Semi-annual Reports Massachusetts Cattle Bureau, 1903 and 1904.

condition of general health for many months, or even several years, and during that time be the cause of the spread of this fatal disease to his other horses, or to those of his neighbor. The insidious nature of glanders in the horse makes the disease more difficult to deal with than almost any other. Live stock sanitary measures, to be effective and of value, must be absolutely thorough. For the successful control of glanders, nothing short of this will do. This requires the examination of every exposed animal that can possibly be located and, in certain cases, animals must be placed under prolonged quarantine. Such measures often seriously interfere with the owner's occupation and means of making a living. If the owner is ignorant, or uninformed, which is sometimes the case, the measures of the Board seem unjust and unwarranted. At the same time the neighbor of such a man has a right to demand protection for his stock.

Fortunately, the liberal and highly commendable policy of the legislature, in the past, that of paying the unfortunate owners of these animals for their losses, together with the very general hearty co-operation of the owners of horses and other live stock, has enabled the board to accomplish what it has, though not without a few unpleasant occurrences. In two instances, for example, it has become necessary to resort to the courts to carry out orders of the Board, both in Brown county.

The first case was that of an owner of several horses and mules; it was learned that among these animals there was one, a gray colt, that had been shipped from Columbus, Montana, with about one hundred and twenty-five other Western horses, of which many were affected with glanders. An investigation by the Veterinarian developed that this colt, and another horse kept in the same stable, were affected with the same disease, in the chronic stage. Owing to the resistance met in carrying out the order of the Board, viz., the destruction of the affected animals, after they had been duly appraised as provided by law, and their secretion by the owner at a later date, legal proceedings, to enforce the order, were begun. Before the case was settled, by the agreement of the owner to give up his horses and permit their destruction, the disease had become so far advanced in one of the animals that he killed it voluntarily, and a third animal (a mule which had been exposed to the affected horse) contracted the disease and had to be destroyed.

Thus this man learned a valuable lesson which cost him two horses, a mule and a law suit. He is now convinced that chronic glanders is a disease that may at any time become acute and terminate in death, besides infecting other animals that may be kept in the same stable.

The second case referred to, in which it became necessary to resort to the courts for aid in carrying out the provisions of the law, occurred in the same locality and is still pending.

On the whole, however, the work of the Board progresses smoothly. This is as it should be, since the interests of the Board are those of the owner of live stock as well as the public in general. Willing co-operation of the stock owner and shipper, and of railroad and transportation companies, with the Board, is the rule.

The amount of funds at the disposal of the Board for carrying out its object, namely, "the promotion and protection of the live stock interests of the state and the prevention of the spread of infectious and contagious diseases among domestic animals and the extirpation of the same, etc." (live stock valued at over one hundred and twenty millions of dollars) is the only serious hindrance to the normal development of the work.

For the two years beginning February 15, 1904, the total appropriations for the use of the board in carrying on its work, amount to ten thousand, two hundred and thirty dollars and nine cents. Four thousand, two hundred and thirty dollars and nine cents of this sum being a special appropriation for the payment for glandered horses and other animals destroyed by the Board, thus leavng only three thousand dollars a year for carrying on the operations of the Board, paying salaries, traveling expenses of the Veterinarian, etc.

The sums appropriated by the legislatures of other states which, with only one or two exceptions, have a live stock valuation that is much below that of Ohio, would be interesting in this connection. The Live Stock Sanitary Board of Illinois has an annual appropriation of ten thousand dollars; the Cattle Bureau of Massachusetts, ninety-four thousand, two hundred and eighty-seven dollars; Minnesota appropriates nineteen thousand dollars annually for this work; Montana, eighteen thousand dollars; New Mexico, thirty-five thousand dollars, with a live stock valuation just one twelfth as large as that of Ohio; New York, twenty thousand dollars; North Dakota, eighteen thousand dollars; Missouri, nineteen thousand dollars; Pennsylvania, fifty-seven thousand, five hundred dollars; Oklahoma, eight thousand, two hundred dollars; Texas, thirteen thousand dollars, and Rhode Island, twenty thousand dollars.

The live stock industry of Ohio can be compared with that of only one of the states mentioned, namely, Pennsylvania. An appropriation of fifty thousand dollars, for live stock sanitary work in Ohio, would be the very least that would enable the board to do work of the character of that which is being done in the state of Pennsylvania today, and where its benefits are being reaped by every citizen of that state.

The great problems that are presented by the existence of tuberculosis in dairy cattle and hog cholera and swine plague among swine have been much neglected on account of the lack of funds.

It is hoped that the following report of the work done toward the control of the diseases occurring in the state, and those exotic