there is one thing about a draft horse, many are spoiled in the breaking. You take a big, heavy colt, and start him by the slowest horse you have, and when you have him broken you have a slow horse. Put him beside a fast walker, and gradually harden him up, and you will find that you do not have one of those sluggish horses. We have a team that weighs sixteen hundred pounds. I don't think there is a team in that section of the country where I live that will go the rounds they do with the plow. They don't rip around, but they go right around. Two years ago my son was hauling wheat. A gentleman from town was hauling wheat over the same route. Some of it was hard, and some was rough road. I asked this gentleman how much he was hauling. He said he had fifty-five bushels, and he would not haul that much again, and my son never hauled less than eighty or one hundred bushels at a time. We feed them just the same as we feed our other horses. As to breaking down corn, we did not have any trouble. I used to have this idea that a horse should be this way, so he could get up and go. I was in the cavalry three years, and I find the colts of that kind are always in demand. And I believe if we follow the gentleman's advice, and not be too particular about the feeding, and get something good, there is something in it for us.

Mr. P. Z. Blue, of Henry county: I would just say that I am a great lover of horses, and of heavy draft horses, and I agree with Brother Dunlap. I have horses that run all the way from fifteen hundred to seventeen hundred apiece, and my boys this summer would go into a corn field seventy rods long, and they would plow through an eighteen acre field every day; get on their plows, and when supper time came they had those eighteen acres through nicely, and when we go to counting up we find that we have all the corn on that gound we wanted. We take lighter teams, and I can't see any difference, so far as putting them on the plowed ground. And my Brother Dunlap, if they are built right, and are the right kind of horses, I don't care how big they are. When you go to sell them, they are the horses to bring the money; you can't get them too big.

Mr. A. H. Judy, of Darke county: If I get the drift of this, we are not discussing the foreign horse, we are discussing the draft horse for market. And the fact that all have agreed that big horses leave the farm and go into the markets and into the cities condenms them for farm use. If they are better for farm use than for city use, they would be kept on the farm; but that does not discount their worth as a source of profit at all. The draft horse in discussion, to my idea, is the horse for those to raise that want to raise horses on a farm to make money out of by selling. Now, my experience is this, that if we want to run a pump possibly a one and one-half or two-horse power engine is sufficient, but if we want to run a modern separator we want a twenty-horse power

engine. Now, it is the business that you want to apply your power to that will determine what kind of power you want. I don't see any need of the four thousand-pound team on the farm.

Mr. Callum, of Warren county: I would like to ask the Senator two questions: How many misfits are there usually in breeding the draft horse? Second, does the draft horse have heart room compared to the ordinary horse of today?

Senator Dunlap: To the first question I would say, of course, there are as many misfits on the draft horse business as any other business. Mr. Callum: What is the per cent.?

Senator Dunlap: I could not tell exactly the per cent. It would depend on the breeder. I think the modern draft horse has as much heart room as the scrub, and a good deal more, as the measurements that we have here, and other measurements I have looked up, would indicate.

Mr. Reuben Rankin, of Fayette: That brings to my mind a question that I thought of asking Mr. Dunlap. In the measurements that he speaks of there, the experiments, what was the observation with reference to the excessively large head, or the smaller measurements in proportion to the great; what was the observation?

Senator Dunlap: Well, I have the figures in another place, and I don't happen to have them in my paper here. If you care to look at it closely you can see the measurement of each and every horse of those forty-three that were measured. I don't remember what those different measurements were, but in a general way, the big headed horse might be well proportioned otherwise, but the small headed horse might be proportioned otherwise.

Dr. W. I. Chamberlain: There is lots of difference in men. We have all noticed that a man with a big head is very well proportioned otherwise.

The President: The noon hour is here. Now, we have an announcement or two to make. By the direction of your worthy secretary, W. W. Miller, I make the announcement: Professor C. G. Hopkins, of the University of Illinois, has the second address on our program this afternoon. The secretary informs me that, on account of his failure to make his train in Cincinnati, Professor Hopkins cannot reach here until 4:05 this afternoon. He also tells me that this is the only hour that he can give us, so that all of the exercises of the afternoon will be expected to come before that hour. Although it will be quite late, if we wish to take advantage of the professor's address, we will have to remain until after 4:05. We will now recess.

AFTERNOON SESSION, January 10, 1904.

The Institute was called to order by the President at 1:30 p. m.

Music by the Cecilian Ladies' Quartette.

The President: It is in order now to appoint two committees to report the first thing tomorrow afternoon at 2 o'clock. The Committee on Resolutions will be: Dr. W. I. Chamberlain, George E. Scott and Lowell Roudebush.

The Committee on Nominations: Senator R. W. Dunlap, J. E. Strope.

Please to allow me to announce once more that Professor Hopkins, of the University of Illinois, who was to speak the second place on the program this afternoon, cannot be here until 4:05 this evening. We are confident that he will be here at that time. Secretary Miller so informs me. We will be well repaid when we hear the professor. One hour is the only time he can be with us. We will expect him a little after 4 o'clock. We should all remain to hear his discussion. The other persons on the program will come before that hour with their parts.

We have with us this afternoon a man who in his experience has been accounted among the best authorities of any who have practiced stock raising in Ohio. I have been at his home, and it is a place where I delight to go. His name is John M. Jamison, of Roxabell, who will speak to us on the subject of lamb feeding. I would ask that, as Mr. Jamison proceeds with the paper, if you have any questions to please write them plainly, hand them in to me, and he will answer them at the close of his address. Most of you understand why I make the requesthis hearing is defective.

I now have the pleasure of introducing to you Mr. John M. Jamison, of Roxabell, Ohio, who will speak to us on the subject of "Lamb Feeding." (Applause.)

ADDRESS BY JOHN M. JAMISON.

Before the farmer or speculating feeder stocks up with lambs, the supply of feed should be in hand, or at least a sufficient quantity to make the undertaking a safe one.

In this paper I shall speak of the kinds of feed I am familiar with in southern central Ohio. To meet with the best success it is only necessary to have what can be grown on the farm-clover and alfalfa hay-one or both, although the latter is preferable-corn, and the weighage it gives as fodder, or stover, or silage. Good bright clover chaff threshed without rain, comes in excellent play as part feed, stored in racks in the lots and covered to keep dry. With silage I have had no experience, but I have no doubt but that it is an excellent feed when fed in connection with clover or alfalfa hay. Roots, mangels and turnips I found excellent feed, but abandoned their use on account of the labor required to produce, care for and feed them.

However, roots fed in large quantities have an objectionable feature in that they sometimes cause trouble with the urinary organs. It is safe to start in a little short of the feed required if the feeder is in a section where the shortage can always be made up by purchase. Last year I bought most of the corn fed and some hay; this year may need a little hay to finish out with unless rye pasture comes on to help out. What is needed in this line I have always been able to purchase at about market price, a little below, or at a slight advance.

SHELTER.

Next after the supply of feed for consideration comes the question of shelter. This year lambs for Christmas fed in southern Ohio could have been finished with but little loss, without shelter, but it won't do to count on dry weather all winter. Consequently, next to feed shelter is a most important feature. The shelter must protect from wind as well as snow and rain. Wind-breaks on the windward sides of the feed lots may well be classed as part of the shelter.

The amount of shelter should be sufficient for each lamb to have room to lie down comfortably. At the beginning the amount of space should be one-half to twice as much more than is needed, for by the time they are finished for market they will have increased in size sufficient to use the extra space. It does not require expensive shelter, but it must be rain and snow proof.

In connection with barn and shed roof shelter, I have had in use a cheap frame made of posts and rails that is covered with bundled fodder each fall. This shed covers sixteen hundred feet of floor space and answers the purpose better than one I use that is covered with steel.

WATER.

In equal importance with feed and shelter is water. It is useless for a feeder to expect success without an abundant supply of it where it can be had, without going out in the weather and where it will always be clean. Hand pumping I found unsatisfactory, because never too much was pumped, but rather too little. The well supplying the water should be a safe one, that will not fail when the water is most needed.

It is more satisfactory if pumped by wind or other power, into a storage tank and carried to the troughs or tubs with pipes and hydrants. I believe hydrants preferable to use to float valves, and tubs preferable to troughs, because they can be easily cleaned. If the water can be kept constantly flowing into and through the drinking places I am sure it will be relished more by the lambs.

THE LAMB SUPPLY.

With many the supply must be had by purchase, and then the question comes up where to get them. The natives grown in southern Ohio are not in sufficient numbers to meet the demands for feeders. Many do not try to get natives, but buy westerners when they can get them. I believe natives would be well liked if they could be had even in quality and size—that is, a sufficient number of one kind or breed to fill a feeder's lots. But this can not be done. As a sample of what is gathered in when filling a yard, will say that I have in a lot of about two hundred and fifty high grade Delaine Merinos, pure bred Rambouillets, pure bred Dorsets and grades of the Downs, besides others that are so far back that it is hard to place them. Then the difference in quality as

regards flesh is as wide and variable as that of their breeding. Some were purchased out of a corn field, and others had been fed corn for some weeks before they were purchased, while others were about as low in flesh as they could be when bought of the farmers that raised them. But few men will want a sufficient number of this kind to make it possible to sort them into lots of desirable size, as regards number and quality, to have them even in size and flesh, hence they have to be put into the feeding yards as purchased, which makes it simply impossible to finish them up even in quality. Another objection to natives, they are not always healthy. The westerners are liked and desirable because none of these objections that stand against the natives can be laid against them. Up to this year lambs could be bought in Chicago to suit the feeder's fancy, as regarded size, quality and condition of flesh, and were universally liked because they are so hardy and healthy.

With these necessary preliminaries we come to the point that tries every man, that of starting on feed and properly finishing.

HOW AND WHEN TO START.

If the feeder has fall pasture in abundance he will want to commence feed-· ing sooner than the feeder that expects to use only dry feed. Pasture can well be utilized and to an excellent advantage while starting the grain feed and getting them accustomed to hay. This is certainly the better way to start natives. If the pasture is in sufficient quantity continue its use till they are on full grain feed, which should require thirty days. While doing this it has been my custom to bring them to the lots and sheds in the evening and keep them there over night. The lots should be of sufficient size to make them convenient to work in. If shock fodder is fed room should be had for the racks and sufficiently large besides, so the accumulation of stalks will not have to be moved before the lambs are sold. When the lambs are first brought to the lots and buildings they will prefer to lie out of doors.

To start them on feed, put a small quantity of hay in the racks, or, if the racks are also used for corn feeding, put in a little ear corn cut in small lengths, so they can shell it easily. If the corn is new it will be necessary at first to chop it into small lengths until they learn to eat it. As the corn gets dryer, breaking the ears in half will answer, and further along the ears can be thrown in the racks whole. The quantity fed at first must be small, for it will take several days to get all to eating. The first to start will be apt to eat too much if they can get it. As the number eating grain increases the amount fed can be increased.

The final enclosing in the lots should not be done till the lambs learn to fill up on the dry feed so well that they will not shrink when shut off the fields.

SALT.

Salt should always be before them and kept in a dry place. If they always have access to it they will drink more freely. By the amount of water consumed I have been able to tell whether or not there is salt in the box.

DIPPING.

As soon as the supply of lambs is in the lots, and they are improving, a warm, sunshiny day should be selected and all of them carefully dipped. Every feeder should have an outfit for doing this work. An outfit for a farmer

23-0. S. B. of A.