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the Friendship of thefe Two we shall continue to cultivate, by that Method, by which alone, we know it can be preserved, that is, by endeavouring to deferve it.

WE likewife flatter ourselves, that we have a third Friend, which is LIBERTY; as we have conftantly endeavoured to inculcate her Doctrines, and establish her Principles *: If, for this Purpose, we have now and then taken a Freedom, which fome Gentlemen think we ought not to have taken, we can affure them, that we have never done it with any View, but to engage the Attention of our READERS, to fuch Matters as we thought of Importance; and if they reflect feriously upon this, we hope, that fuch of them, as are fincere Friends to the Principles we profefs, will excuse us. If by them we are forgiven, we can have no Reafon to fear the Refentment of others, whilft this our third FRIEND remains in this Ifland; and if she should ever be fent into Exile, we fhould think it an Honour to be her Companions.

*See LONDON MAGAZINE for 1738, p. 241.

EXPLANATION of the FRONTISPIECE.

Lo

ONDINIA prefented by INDUSTRY, with a compleat COLLECTION of the VOLUMES of the LONDON MAGAZINE, receives them with the Approbation of TIME and CRITICISM.

The LONDON MAGAZINE:

T.Davi

Or GENTLEMAN's Monthly Intelligencer.

For JANUARY,

1751.

To be Continued. (Price Six-Pence each Month.)

Containing, (Greater Variety, and more in Quantity, than any Monthly Book of the fame Price.

I. Obfervations on Government, occafioned

by the Difpure between the French King and his Clergy.

II. Character of Cleopatra, with Remarks. III. The Bleffings of Matrimony.

IV. Diforder the Source of private and pubfick Mifery.

V. The JOURNAL of a Learned and Political CryE, &c. continued: Containing the SPEECHES of L. Muræna, Cn. Fulvius, C. Numifius, and Afranius Burthus, on the Motion for an Amendment at the End of the Oath of Secrecy, contained in the Mutiny Bill.

VI. A Defcription of Lincolnshire.
VII. Mifchiefs of Superit tion.

VIII. The Candid Difquifitions candidly confidered.

IX. Character of Quifquilius, a famous Vir tuofó.

X. Human Vanity elegantly reproved.
XI. Mathematical Questions folved.
XII. A Defcription of the Tower of London.
XIII. Subitance of his Majesty's Speech,
with the two Addreffes.

XIV. Alterations in the List of Parliament.

XV. Talents, Temper, Habits, &c. of King Charles II.

XVI. Character of the late Duke of Marlborough.

XVII. Obfervations on Smuggling, XVIII. A Remark conce ning Thermometers. XIX. POETRY: Industry and Genius, or the Origin of Birmingham; on Mifs Polly Roberts; a Song; Extracts from the Scribleriad; Mr. Addifon's lines on the D. of Marlborough; Rural Happiness; to Mr. Worliche, on feeing his Collection of Pictures; Ode for the New Year; a NewYear's Gift to Mr. R. Williams; Epigrams on the OEconomy of Human Life; the Fickle Fair, a new Song set to Musick, &c. XX. The MONTHLY CHRONOLOGER :

Seffions at the Old Bailey; General Courts of the South-Sea Company; remarkable Trials, &c. &c. &c.

XXI. Promotions; Marriages and Births;
Deaths; Bankrupts.

XXII. Prices of Stocks for each Day.
XXIII. Monthly Bill of Mortality.
XXIV. FOREIGN AFFAIRS.
XXV. A Catalogue of Books.

With a New and Correct MAP of LINCOLNSHIRE; and a beautiful Profpect of the Tower of LONDON, finely engrav'd on Copper.

MULTUM IN PARVO.

LONDON: Printed for R. BALDWIN, jun. at the Rofe in Pater-Nofter-Row. Of whom may be had, compleat Sets from the Beginning to this Time, neatly Bound, or Stitch'd, or any fingle Month to compleat Sets.

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N. B. In our Mag. for Nov. laft, p. 507. I. ult. for indicem, read judicum.

We are obliged to our correspondent for the two letters flitched in blue paper, which shall be
properly made use of; and thank him for bis promife of future favours.-The verfes to Mifs
figned Y, the character of a young lady, the Invitation to dinner, and the furveying question, &c.
hall be in our next.-Zerubbabel Propertone, and our Greek correfpondent will not be forget.
-The country dances fhall be confidered.—We bave received several Rebus's, &c.

About the Middle of January was Published,

N APPENDIX to the LONDON MAGAZINE for 1750, with a Beau-

Atiful Frontifpiece, a General Title, neatly engraved, Compleat Indexes, and feveral

other Things neceffary to compleat the Volume.

金魚

ТНЕ

LONDON MAGAZINE.

JANUARY,

OBSERVATIONS on Government: Occafioned by the late Difputes between the King of France and his Clergy. Tranflated from the French, published in France, and written by the celebrated Baron de Montefquieu, Author of the Perfian Letters, and the Spirit of Laws.

T

1751.

by themselves. There ought not to be two powers in one ftate. The diftinction between fpiritural power and temporal power is a remainder of Vandal barbaroufnefs. 'Tis the A mafters in my houfe; I that am the fame thing as if there were two father of the family; and he that is the tutor of my children, and is paid by me. I would have the tutor of my children respected; but I would by no means fuffer him to have the leaft authority in my house.

HE goodness of
a government
confifts in pro-
tecting and con- B
taining within
proper bounds,
the feveral pro-
feffions of the
ftate.

No government can be good in which there is not a fole fupreme power. C In the molt mixt ftates the power refults from the confent of feveral orders, and then it acquires its unity, without which all is confufion.

In any state whatever the greatest unhappiness confifts in having the legiflative power oppofed. The hap-D py years of our monarchy were the laft years of Henry IV. and the years under Lewis XIV. and Lewis XV. when these princes governed

January, 1751.

There are in the whole world four ftates that are of the Roman Catholick religion; France, the Spanish provinces, one half of Germany, and Poland. In the Spanish provinces, the government concerts with the Pope the taxes that are to be laid on the clergy. The queen of Hungary acts in the fame manner In the laft war fhe obtained leave to feize on the plate belonging to churches. In Poland, the crownarmy lives at difcretion on the lands of the clergy, becaufe what the clergy pays to the republick is too inconfiderable. In France reafon improves daily, and teaches, that the church ought to contribute, in proportion to its income, towards defraying

A z

4
defraying the expence of the ftate;
and that the body which is particu-
larly appointed to teach justice,
fhould be the first to give the exam-
ple of it.

OBSERVATIONS on GOVERNMENT.

It were a government fit for the Hottentots, that fhould allow any A certain number of men to fay; "Thofe that work, are thofe that ought to pay: We owe nothing becaufe we are idle.". That government were offenfive both to God and men, where fome citizens might fay; "The ftate hath given us all, B and we owe it nothing but prayers."

Reafon, in proportion as it draws towards its perfection, deftroys the feed of religious wars: The philofophical fpirit alone hath expelled that plague out of the world.

Should Luther and Calvin come C again into the world, they would be as little noticed as the Scotifts and Thomifts. And why? Becaufe the light fpread thro' all conditions hath taught us, that we ought never to rife against the religion of the prince; and that rifing against it D caufes dreadful calamities for whole ages after.

It is only in barbarous ages that we hear of forcerers-of dæmoniacks-of kings excommunicated-of fubjects freed from their oath of allegiance by doctors.

Reafon teaches us, that the prince may let fome old abufes remain ; fuch as fuffering certain affairs to be decided by the court of Rome, which might full as well be decided in his own council. It fhews, that whenever the prince thinks proper F to abolish that practice, it will fall like a Gothick building, which is thrown down to be rebuilt in the modern taste. It fhews, that whenever the prince is pleafed to extirpate a noxious abufe, the people ought, and really will, agree to it, G were that abufe of 4000 years ftanding.

This reafon teaches us, that the prince ought to be the abfolute ma

Jan.

fter of all ecclefiaftical polity, without any restriction whatever, be cause this ecclefiaftical polity is a part of the government; and that in the fame manner as the father of a family marks down to the tutor of his children their hours of work, and the kind of ftudies they are to purfue, &c. In the fame manner the prince may prefcribe to all churchmen without exception, whatever has the leaft relation to publick or. der.

This reafon tells us all, that whenever the prince will judge it proper to grant to thofe who have fpilled their blood for the state, penfions on ecclefiaftical livings, which livings are part of the patrimony of the flate, not only the military officers, but all people in bufinefs, all the citizens will blefs the prince; and that whosoever fhould oppofe fo falutary an inflitution would be looked upon as an enemy to his country.

In like manner, whenever the prince, who is the fhepherd of his people, fets about increafing his flock as he ought; whenever he thinks proper to restore to the right of following the dictates of nature, fuch imprudent men and women as

have devoted themfelves to the exE tinction of their kind, and made a vow fatal to the commonwealth, in an age when it is not lawful to difpofe of one's property, the fociety will for ever blefs fuch a prince.

There is a convent, ufelefs to the world in all refpects, which hath an income of 2co,coo livres; now reafon demonftrates, that if these 200,000 livres were given to 100 officers, who fhould be obliged to marry, then there would be 100 good citizens rewarded, 1oo girls provided for, and at the end of 10 years, 400 fouls more at least in the ftate, inftead of 50 idle people: It demonftrates befides, that thefe 50 idle people, restored to their country, would plough the ground and flock

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