Their natural capacity feems, in no refpect, below the common ftandard of mankind. Their improvements in agriculture, and the perfection of their manufactures, are certainly adequate to the circumstances of their fituation, and the natural advantages they enjoy. The eager curiofity, with which they attended the armourer's forge, and the many expedients they had invented, even before we left the iflands, for working the iron they had procured from us, into fuch forms as were best adapted to their purposes, were ftrong proofs of docility and ingenuity. Our unfortunate friend, Kaneena*, pof feffed a degree of judicious curiofity, and a quickness of conception, which was rarely met with amongst these people. He was very inquifitive after our cuftoins and manners; afked after our King; the nature of our government; our numbers; the method of building our fhips; our houfes; the produce of our country; whether we had wars; with whom; and on what occafions; and in what manner they were carried on; who was our God; and many other questions of the fame nature, which indicated an understanding of great comprehenfion. We met with two inftances of persons difordered in their minds, the one a man at Owyhee, the other a woman at Onecheow. It appeared, from the particular attention and refpect paid to them, that the opinion of their being infpired by the Divinity, which obtains among moft of the nations of the Eaft, is alfo received here. The inhabitants of thefe iflands differ from thofe of the Friendly Ifles, in fuffering, almoft univerfally, their beards to grow. There were, indeed, a few, amongst whom was the old King, that cut it off entirely; and others that wore it only upon the upper lip. The fame variety, in the manner of wearing the hair, is allo obfervable here, as among the other iflanders of the South Sea; befides which, they have a fashion, as far as we know, peculiar to themfelves. They cut it clofe on each fide of the head, down to the ears, leaving a ridge, of about a fmall hand's breadth, running from the forehead to the neck; which, when the hair is thick and curling, has the form of the creft of the ancient helmet. Others wear large quantities of falfe hair, flowing down their backs in long ringlets, like the figure of the inhabitants of Horn land, as feen in Dalrymple's Voyages; and others, again, tie it into a fingle round bunch on the top of the head, almoft as large as the head itfelf; and fome into five or fix diftinct bunches. They daub N O T E. ✦ Killed with his brother and fifteen of the natives in the fatal conflict with Captain ok. their hair with a grey clay, mixed with pow dered fhells, which they keep in balls, and chew it into a kind of foft pafte, when they have occafion to make use of it. This keep the hair fmooth; and, in time, changes i to a pale yellow colour. Both fexes wear necklaces, made offtrings of small variegated thells; and an ornament, in the form of the handle of a cup, about two inches long, and half an inch broad, made of wood, ftone, or ivory, finely polifhed, which is hung about the neck, by fine threads of twifted hair, doubled fometimes an hundred fold. Inftead of this ornament, fome of them wear, oa their breaft, a fmall human figure, made of bone, fufpended in the fame manner. The fan, or fly-flap, is alfo an ornament ufed by both fexes. The moft ordinary kind are made of the fibres of the cocoanut, tied loofe, in bunches, to the top of a fmooth polished handle. The tail feathers of the cock, and of the tropic-bird, are alfo used in the fame manner; but the most valuable are those which have the handle made of the arm or leg bones of an enemy flain in battle, and which are preferved with great care, and handed down, from father to fon, as trophies of ineftimable value. The cuftom of tattowing the body, they have in common with the reft of the natives of the South Sea Iflands; but it is only at New Zealand, and the Sandwich Islands, that they tattow the face. From fome information we received, relative to the custom of tartowing, we were inclined to think, that it is frequently intended as a fign of mourning on the death of a Chief, or any other calamitous event. For we were often told, that fuch a particular mark was in memory of fuch a Chief; and fo of the reft. It may be here, too, obferved, that the lowest class are often tattowed with a mark, that diftinguishes them as the property of the feveral Chiefs to whom they belong. The dreis of the men generally confifts only of a piece of thick cloth called the maro, about ten or twelve inches broad, which they pals between the legs, and tie round the waift. This is the common drefs of all ranks of people. Their mats, fome of which are beautifully manufactured, are of various fizes, but moftly about five feet long, and four broad. These they throw over their fhoulders, and bring forward before; but they are feldom ufed, except in time of war, for which purpose they feem better adapted than for ordinary ufe, being of a thic and cumbersome texture, and capable of breaking the blow of a stone, or any blunt weapon. Their feet are generally bare, except when they have occafion to travel over the burnt ftones, when they secure them 1-86 Voyage of Captain Cook. 79. them with a sort of sandal, made of cords, thrown over their shoulders, like the women of Otaheite. The pau is another dress very frequently worn by the younger part of the fex. It is made of the thinneft and finest fort of cloth, wrapt feveral times round the waist, and descending to the leg: fo as to have exactly the appearance of a full short petticoat. Their hair is cut short behind, and turned up before, as is the fashion among the Otaheiteans and New Zealanders; all of whom differ, in this refpect, from the women of the Friendly Iflands, who wear their hair long. We faw, indeed, one woman in Karakakooa Bay, whofe hair was arranged in a very fingular manner; it was turned up behind, and brought over the forehead, and then doubled back, fo as to form a fort of fhade to the face, like a small bonnet. trifted from the fibres of the cocoa-nut. Such is the ordinary dress of these islanders; but they have another, appropriated to their Chiefs, and used on ceremonious occafions, confifting of a feathered cloak and helmet, which, in point of beauty and magnificence, is perhaps nearly equal to that of any nation the world. Thefe cloaks are made of different lengths, in proportion to the rank of the wearer, fome of them reaching no lower than the middle, others trailing on the ground. The inferior Chiefs have alfo a fort cloak, refembling the former, made of the long tail-feathers of the cock, the tropic and man of war birds, with a broad border of the fmall red and yellow feathers, and a collar of the fame. Others again are made feathers entirely white, with variegated borders. The helmet has a strong lining of wicker-work, capable of breaking the blow of any warlike inftrument, and feems evidently defigned for that purpose. These feathered dreffes feemed to be exceedingly karce, appropriated to perfons of the highest rank, and worn by the men only. 'The exact refemblance between this ha, and the cloak and helmet formerly worn by the Spaniards, was too ftriking not excite our curiofity to inquire, whether there were any probable grounds for fuppofing it to have been borrowed from them. After exerting every means in our power, of staining information on this fubject, we ad that they had no immediate knowledge '; any other nation whatever; nor any tradition remaining among them of thefe iflands having been ever vifited before by fuch fhips ours But notwithstanding the refult of tele inquiries, the uncommon form of this babit appears to me a fufficient proof of its European origin; efpecially when added to other circumftance, that it is a fingular deration from the general refemblance in drefs, ich prevails amongst all the branches of tribe, difperfed through the South Sea. We were driven indeed, by this conclufion, a fuppofition of the fhipwreck of fome Baccaneer, or Spanifh fhip, in the neighterhood of thefe islands. But when it is collected, that the courfe of the Spanish tade from Acapulco to the Manillas, is but ew degrees to the Southward of the Sandich lands, in their paffage out, and to he Northward, on their return, this fupition will not appear in the leaft impro The common drefs of the women bears a clofe refémblance to that of the men. The wrap round the waift a piece of cloth, that reaches half way down the thighs; and etimes, in the cool of the evening, they pared with loofe pieces of fine cloth Their necklaces are made of fhells, or of a hard, fhining, red berry. Befides which, they wear wreaths of dried flowers of the Indian mallow; and another beautiful ornament, called eraie, which is generally put about the neck, but is fometimes tied like a garland round the hair, and fometimes worn in both these ways at once. It is a ruff of the thickness of a finger, made, in a curious manner of exceedingly fmall feathers, woven so close together as to form a furface as fmooth as that of the richest velvet. The ground was generally of a red colour, with alternate circles of green, yellow, and black. At Atooi, fome of the women wore little figures of the turtle, neatly formed of wood or ivory, tied on their fingers in the manner we wear rings. Why this animal is thus particularly distinguished, I leave to the conjectures of the curious. There is alfo an ornament made of fhells, fastened in rows on a ground of ftrong netting, so as to strike each other, when in motion; which both men and women, when they dance, tie cither round the arm or the ankle, or below the knee. Inftead of fhells, they fometimes make ufe of dog's teeth, and a hard red berry, refembling that of the holly. There remains to be mentioned another ornament (if fuch it may be called). It is a kind of mask, made of a large gourd, with holes cut in it for the eyes and nofe. The top was ftuck full of inall green twigs, which, at a diftance, had the appearance of an elegant waving plume; and from the lower part hung narrow ftripes of cloth, refembling a beard. We never faw thefe mafks, worn but twice, and both times by a number of people together in a canoe, who came to the tide of the fhip, laughing and drolling, with an air of miafquerading. Whether they may not likewife be ufed as a defence for the head against ftones, for which they seem beft defigned, or or in fome of their public games, or be merely intended for the purposes of mummery, (To be continned.) we could never inform ourselves. The Hiftory of the Empire of Indoftan, with the Rife and Progress of the Carnatic War. (Continued from Page 720, of our Appendix ON for 1785.) N the 7th of Auguft, the army arrived at Dalaway's choultry, fituated fix miles east of Tritchinopoly, where they were detained the next day by the falling of a heavy rain, which rendered the country between the choultry and city impaffable. This obliged them to ftrike to the fouth-weft, and the 9th in the morning they continued their march, efcorting a convoy of feveral thoufand bullocks provided by the Nabob, and faid to be laden with provifions; fignals from the top of the rock in Tritchinopoly, not only apprized them that the enemy were in motion, but likewife pointed out the difpofitions they were making. Their cavalry in different parties extended from the French rock to the golden rock: at the fugar-loaf rock, as being the place where major Lawrence would firft come within their reach, they kept their main body of Europeans and Sepoys, together with their artillery; and a detachment took poffeffion of the golden rock. The major, when arrived about a mile fouth-eaft of the fugar-loaf, halted, and having confidered the enemy's difpofition, formed, and ordered his march in confequence of it. To preferve the baggage and provifions from the enemy's. fire, he determined not to attempt a paflage through the pofts they occupied; but to march round the golden rock, whilft the convoy with the Nabob and his retinue, efçorted by the Tanjorine troops, moved on at fome distance on the left flank of the Europeans and Sepoys. It was neceffary at all events to drive the enemy from the golden rock, fince their fire from hence might greatly incommode the line of march: but as a fufpicion of the major's intentions to pass that way, would naturally induce them to reinforce this poft, he refolved to divert their attention, by halting, and forming as if he intended to inarch directly and attack their main body at the fugar-loaf rock. This ftratagem had the defired effect: monfieur Brenier, not an acute officer, recalled the greatest part of his detachment from the golden rock, and with much buftle got his troops in order to receive the major: who in the mean time detached the grenadiers and 200 Sepoys from the front of the line, ordering them to defile behind the convoy which ftill proceeded on, and to march with il poffible expedition and attack the golden k. Mr. Brenier did not perceive this mo tion before it was too late to prevent the ef fect of it; he however inftantly fent forwar 1000 horfe at full gallop to intercept th English party, and at the fame time detach ed 300 Europeans to reinforce the guard: the rock. The cavalry foon came up wit the English party, and endeavoured to re tard their march by caracolling and gallop ping about as if they intended to charge but the grenadiers did not fuffer themfelve to be amufed by these motions, and fire hotly upon them without flackening thei pace, nor made a halt until they had mount ed the rock, drove the enemy down, an planted their colours on the top, which the accomplished before the enemy's party of in fantry, marching from the fugar-loaf rock had got half way; who feeing the poft the were fent to reinforce loft, had not the hear to make a push to recover it; but halted, an taking fhelter behind a bank, began to can nonade the grenadiers and Sepoys at th golden rock with four field-pieces. By thi time Mr.Brenier, with the rest of the Frenc troops, had proceeded a little way from th fugar-loaf rock, to fupport his advanced par ty; but feeing them halt, he halted likewife So that the main body of the English troop continued their march, and fecured the poi feffion of the golden rock without interrup tion: the Tanjorines foon after came up will the baggage, and were ordered to remain with it in the rear. The English artillery were now warmly employed against the can non of the enemy's advanced party, o whom none but the artillery men were ex pofed, for the reft kept clofe behind th bank. The English battalion was drawn up in the open plain without shelter, and in th fituation fuffered confiderably, whilft thei artillery did little mifchief to the enemy however the fhot that flew over the bank went amongft a large body of horse who wer drawn up in the rear of the advanced party and flung them into confufion; which Cap tain Dalton obferving, he fallied from the city with two field pieces, and the cavalry finding themfelves between two fires, hur ried out of reach, fome to the eaft, an others to the weft. In the mean time fever of the English battalion were ftruck down and major Lawrence obferving that the ene my's main body made no motion to join the advanced party, determined to make a pur and drive thefe troops from the advantageor ground of which they had taken poffeffion The grenadiers, with 200 more Europeans and 300 Sepoys, were ordered to march and attack them, whilft major Lawrence remain ed at the golden rock with the reft ready to fupport them if repulfed, or if fuccessful, to join and pursue the advantage by driving the beaten party on the enemy's main body The faccefs of this attempt depending in grea 1786. The Hiftory of the Empire of Indoftan. great meafure on making the attack before the enemy's main body could move up to the fuccour of their party, the English for more expedition marched without any fieldpieces; but the artillery was notwithstanding not idle, for they fired continually from the main body to deter the enemy's cavalry from attacking the flanks of the party as they marched. The officer appointed to lead the attack, inftead of following his orders, which directed him to come to the push of bayonet without hesitation, fent word that he could not execute them without artillery, and that he was halted, waited for it. Upon this major Lawrence inftantly quitted the main body, and galloping up, put himself at the head of the party, and led them on. The troops, animated by his example, marched on with great fpirit, keeping their order, notwithstanding they were galled by a very fmart fire from the enemy's artillery, which killed feveral men, and amongst them Captain Kirk, at the head of the grenadiers: thefe brave fellows, whom, nothing during the war had ever ftaggered, could not fee the death of the officer they, loved without émotion Captain Kilpatrick feeing them afland, immediately put himself at their head, and defired them, if they loved their captain as much as he valued his friend, to follow him, and revenge his death: roufed in an inftant by this fpirited exhortation and example, they fwore in their manner, that they would follow him to hell. In this temper they pushed on; and in order to prevent the enemy from retreating to their main be dy, marched to gain their right flank: the enemy had not the courage to ftand the fhock, but quitted the bank in great precipitation, and leaving three field-pieces behind them, had away towards Weycondah, expofed great part of the way to the fire of the two held-pieces which captain Dalton had brought out of the city, every fhot of which, for feveral difcharges, took off two or three men. The enemy's main body now, when oo late, began to move to the affiftance of their party, but feeing them irretrieveably defeated, and perceiving at the fame time the main body of the English advancing from the golden rock, they loft courage, and, Without waiting to give or receive a fire, ran in great confufion towards the five rocks, expofed to a fevere cannonade from the rear divifion of the English artillery which had been left at the golden rock with the bagage; the Tanjore horfe remained fpectators their flight without taking advantage of it, by falling on them fword in hand, which if they had done, few would have efcaped: fo that the lofs which they fuftained in Europeans did not exceed 100 men killed and founded of the English battalion about 40 Hib. Mag. Feb. 1786. men were either killed or difabled, and on both fides, principalty by cannon shot. Monack-jee endeavoured to excufe his neglect by alledging that the folicitude of the Nabob and his commiffaries for the fafety of the convoy, made him unwilling to leave it expofed to the enemy's cavalry which hovered round in large bodies: but this was no good reafon; for major Lawrence immedi ately on the enemy's retreat fent him orders to purfue, and the battalion were marching back to fecure the convoy. As foon as the enemy were out of fight, the army with the convoy proceeded to the city, where, on taking an account of the provifions before they were lodged in the magazines, it was found that the quantity did not exceed 300 bullock loads, and this not little damaged: which, in weight not being more than 30,000 pounds, was fcarce ly fufficient to fapply the Europeans and Sepoys ten days. It would be difficult to find an example of fo great a negligence, in fo effential a fervice, which had coft fo much pains and rifque, excepting in the irregular and indolent adminiftration of a Moorish government in Indoftan; and indeed the English themfelves were much to blame for trufting this important charge entirely to the conduct of the Nabob and his officers, who had loaded the reft of the bullocks, for there were near 4000, with their own baggage and a heap of trumpery not worth the carriage. The enemy removed their tents and baggage as foon as it was dark from the fugarloaf rock to Weycondah, where they encamped all together in fo ftrong a situation, protected by the fire of that poft, that they could not be attacked with any profpect of fuccefs. The Myforeans had always drawn their provifions from their own country; and as there was little probability of procur ing plenty to the city whilft the enemy remained on the plain, the major, as foon as the troops were a little refreshed, marched out, and taking a circuit encamped at the five rocks, intending to intercept their convoys coming from the eastward, and thus retaliate the diftreffes which they had so often brought upon his army. At the fame time Monack-jee, in order to fecure the communication with Tanjore, undertook to reducé Elimiferum, where the enemy had left a garrifon of zoo Sepoys and a few Europeans, who fubmitted to him after a little refinance. Major Lawrence now ordered De Cattans to be hanged in fight of the enemy's advanced guards: he died with great refolution, but thewed much concern that he had endeavoured to betray captain Dalton, who had received him with fo much hofpitality and kindness. As the English had condefcended to employ this delinquent against his Ꮮ 82 Hiftorical Memoirs of Ignatius Loyola, Founder of the Society of Jefuits. Feb. own countrymen, after he was detected, his life ought to have been spared. The enemy ftill remaining at Weycondah, major Lawrence made a motion towards them on the 23d, upon which they decamped in a hurry, and leaving part of their baggage, with a gun and fome ammunition behind, made a diforderly retreat to Mootachellinoor, a strong post on the bank of the Caveri, which fecured their communication with Seringham: the next day major Lawrence took poffeffion of the ground they had abandoned with an intention to fend forward fome artillery near enough to cannonade them; but this defign was unexpectedly fruftrated, for the next day a reinforcement, equal to the whole of the English force, appeared on the bank of the Coleroon. It confifted of 3000 Marattahs, a great number of Peans, and fome Topaffes, under the command of Morari-row, together with 400 Europeans, and 2000 Sepoys, with fix guns. Moft of thefe Europeans arrived in the end of June from the ifland of Mauritius, where they had been difciplined; and Mr. Dupleix committed a great error in not fending them immediately, together with Morari-row's troops, to Tritchinopoly; more efpecially as the fignal defeat of the French and Myforeans at the golden rock might have convinc ed him that they would hardly be able to prevent the English, when reinforced by the troops of Tanjore, from making their way good to the city with the convoy: but his vanity on this occafion confounded his good fenfe; for treating the battle of the golden rock as a trifling fkirmish, and attributing the ill fuccefs of it to fome pretended accidents common to the fortune of war, he feemed to disdain fending any farther affiftance to an army which he confidently afferted could not fail to overpower their enemies in a very few days; he therefore detained this force to make conquefts in the Carnatic; but the wilful difpofition of Morari-row fruftrated in a great measure this defign: for regarding no injunctions excepting thole of the Mylorean, who was afraid to give him pofitive orders, the Marattah traverted the province according to his own inclination, without keeping his force united, or acting in concert with the troops of Pondicherry. However Mr. Dupleix purfuing his plan as well as he was able, detached immediately after the capture of Chillambrum a large body of Sepoys, accompanied by fome Marrattahs, to attack the pagoda of Verdachellum; this force was led by one Haffan Ally, who had long been commander in chief of the French Sepoys, and had diftinguifhed himself fo much in this employment that the French and honoured him with a gold medal in all pois fervices; this man was taken at rock, M. Seringham with Mr. Law; and the English, knowing his capacity, kept him a close prifoner at fort St. David, from whence, however, he had lately contrived to escape, being carried through the guards in a basket which they imagined to contain lumber. The garrifon of Verdachellum confifted only of 50 Sepoys commanded by a ferjeant, who furrendered after a flight resistance; from hence Haffan Ally, joined by 50 Europeans, proceeded to Trinomalce, where they found Morari-row with the greatest part of his force, aflifting, according to his promife, the troops of Velore, who were laying clofe fiege to the place. The army of the befiegers now amounted to 6000 cavalry, 50co Sepoys, and Ico Europeans, including the so which Mortiz-ally kept in his own pay. The garrifon, 1500-men, commanded by Barkatoola, a faithful fervant to the Nabob, and a gallant officer, defended themselves with much bravery, making frequent fallies, and in one they furprised and beat up the quarters of the Marattahs, killing many of their horses; this ks, the moft fenfible that the Marattahs can feel, determined Morarirow to look out for eafier conquests; and leaving the Phoufdar's troops to continue the fiege as they could, he marched away, with an intention to lay fiege to Palam Cotah, a fort in the neighbourhood of Chillambrum. Here he was joined by a party of 350 Europeans, who endeavoured to prevail on him to march with them and attack the English fettlement of Devi Cotah, but Morari-row, apprehenfive of the lofs he might fuffer in this attempt, refused to accompany them. On this difference they feparated, the French marching towards the woods of Warriorpollam, in hopes of levying contribution from the Polygar; and the Marattah to Trinomalee. Here, a few days after his arrival, he received letters from the regent informing him of his diftrefs fince his convoys from Myfore began to be intercepted, and defiring him in the moft preffing terms to move immediately to Seringham with his whole force; and Mr. Dupleix informing him at the fame time that he intended to fend all the Europeans he could bring into the field, the Marattah, calling in all his ftrag glers, hurried back to Chillambrum, which was appointed the place of general rendezvous; from hence the whole reinforcement proceeded by very expeditious marches to Tritchinopoly, in fight of which they ar rived on the 24th of Anguft. (Fo be continued.) Hiftorical Memoirs of Ignatius Loyola, Foun was born at Loyola He was the eighth who was defcended from |