Madison, Wis.:

Bureau to act with intelligence in the work to which it is devoted.

The knowledge, too, of any urgent demand in any particular locality for specific branches of |labor, will enable this Bureau, through the Stperintendent of Imigration at New York, and its other agencies, to secure the supply needed. With respect, I remain,

Your obedient servant,

H. N. CONGAR, Commissioner of Immigration.

NOTE. Here is an opportunity for all parties needing help, either skilled or unskilled, to order it from Europe. It has been supposed that the termination of the war would turn a tide of laborers of every description into all the channels of industry; and so it has, but yet the supply is nothing like equal to the demand. Many who went to the war were killed; others were maimed

SIR:-One year since, this Bureau instituted and disabled for the occupation to which they had been accustomed; multitudes were so broken inquiries as to the demand for, and the wages paid to, unskilled laborers, mechanics, and arti- in health that they will scarcely be able to accomzans in the loyal States, the answers to which plish much in any department of industry for a were condensed and published in tabular form for long time to come; a considerable number have the information of immigrants. The close of the become so far "demoralized" that they are hencecivil war, and the consequent opening of new forth a burden rather than a help to society; fields of labor, have rendered these tables to a while a great many others, charmed by southern great degree valueless; but it is still desirable climes and supposed superior opportunities for that as much practical information on this subject as possible shall be secured.

With this end in view, I would request you to inform this bureau, at your earliest convenience

1. What class of unskilled laborers are most required in your State and neighborhood at the present time, and the average wages paid for the

same.

2. What kinds of mechanics or artizans are certain of employment, and the average wages of the same?

3. What means, either by legislative action or private enterprise, have been established to secure the advantages arising from the settlement of immigrants in your midst?

acquiring property, either have already or will eventually settle in that part of the country. It is plain, therefore, that the deficiency must be supplied by immigration from foreign shores, and our readers could not do themselves or the public and the cause of industry a greater service than by forwarding to the Editor, to be reported by him to the Commissioner of Immigration, plain answers to the foregoing questions.—EDITOR,

Make Farm Life Attractive.

1. By less hard work. Farmers often undertake more than they can do well, and consequently work too early and too late.

2. By more system. The farmer should have a time to begin and stop labor. They should put more mind and machinery into their work. They The purpose of obtaining this information is should theorize as well as practice, and let both to furnish to those about to emigrate to the United go together. Farming is, healthy, moral and reStates real practical information which may lead spectable; and in the long run may be made them to the localities where their labor will be profitable. The farmer should keep good stock, most in demand, and where, in many cases, it is and out of debt. The farm is the best place to absolutely needed. begin and end life, and hence so many in the A knowledge of all the local organizations es- cities and in professional life covet a rural home. tablished to guard the immigrant from extortion 3. By taking care of health. Farmers have and wrong, and to forward him to his destination healthy variety of exercise, but too often neglect with the least possible expense, will enable this cleanliness, omit bathing, eat, irregularly and

mals.

hurriedly, sleep in ill-ventilated apartments, and slovenly and wasteful practice. By giving them expose themselves to cold. Nine-tenths of the shelter, you will save five times their cost in the human diseases arise from cold or intemperance. comfort, health and improvement of your aniFrequent bathing is profitable, so is fresh air, deliberation at the dinner table, and rest after a Cattle-Store cattle and calves should have acIneal. cess to shelter during stormy and cold weather, 4. By adorning the home. Nothing is lost by and be regularly and well fed to insure steady a pleasant home. Books, papers, pictures, music, growth. Fattening cattle should be kept clean and reading should all be brought to bear upon and warm and never allowed to fret for any cause. the in-door family entertainments; and neatness An occasional change of diet will preserve the and comfort, order, shrubbery, flowers and fruits appetite and thus conduce to their health and should harmonize all without. Home should be more rapid fattening. Milch cows will this year, a sanctuary so happy and holy that children will owing to the high price of butter, pay a large love it, woman delight in it, manhood crave it, return for extra feeding. Good fodder, pumpkins, and old age enjoy it. There would be less deser- carrots, rutabages and bran mashes are a sine qua tions of old homesteads if pains were taken to make them agreeable. Ease, order, health and beauty are compatible with farm life, and were ordained to go with it.-Auburn Journal.

Practical Hints for November.

THE FARM.

non.

else

Hogs are this year paying better than any thing Pork at Chicago, $12@$13 per hundred lbs. Give all such swine, old or young, as are prepared for fattening, the best possible chance. Shelter, clean dry feeding ground, a plenty of corn, etc., regularly fed and constant access to

Potatoes. If not dug and nicely stored before water. Crowd them as sharply as they will bear this first dash of winter (Oct. 26th,) so much the in the early part of the season. Take good care worse for the producer. Something may, possi- of the sows intended for breeding, but don't fall bly, yet be done, however, to save such as are into the error of supposing that pork will always not already frozen. In storing, it is of primary bear the price it does now. A sufficient number importance that they go into the bin or heap, will probably be stimulated to go into the busidry; secondly, that they be kept dry and as coolness on a large scale next season to bring the as may be without freezing. prices down somewhat. This, unless unobservThe Corn is not yet all husked. Many farmers ed causes should increase the demand very conare annnal losers by letting this crop stand out siderably. during a good part of the winter. This year put

Sheep.-March is rather early in this climate on more steam and get it cribbed before the mud for new-born lambs. Take care that the rams and slosh, snow and rain render the gathering are kept separate from the ewes until the proper next to impracticable and materially impair the time. Too many farmers in folding their flocks value of the crops. Select the largest, plumpest, allow too many in the same inclosure. Don't be brightest ears for seed, in husking leave on two sparing of partition walls. Again, let the old or three of the narrow strands of the inner husk, and feebler sheep have a place by themselves. tie the ears together by these, two and two, and They cannot bear the pushing and crowding, hang across poles in some dry loft. Every year likely to be practiced by the more vigorous ones, thousands of dollars are lost in this State because and, besides, they require a little extra feed to of failure of seed to germinate. The plan recommended will insure you against such loss.

All Stacks of grain and hay should be carefully examined before the setting in of winter with its storms. Many were put up carelessly and have suffered already. Others may be saved by newly dressing and topping out.

a

Pumpkin and Squash will bear neither cold nor heat. If not properly secured,remove them on fair day to a dry place and cover them sufficiently with dry straw or hay to prevent freezing.

keep them in condition. SHELTER for all is of first importance during storms.

Poultry will also pay for good care. Their quarters should be clean, dry, well ventilated and yet warm, and provided with clean water, lime, gravel, ashes, and a variety of vegetables with a little animal food.

Buildings. Look to the proper drainings of house and barn-yards and to the proper fitting of all eave gutters, &c., &c. It is not only uncomfortable, but unhealthy, both for man and beast Racks and Pens for feeding should be made to live in a mire hole during the muddy period of ready at once. Feeding upon the ground is a early winter and spring. The snugging up

should have been done during the sunny months

KITCHEN AND FLOWER GARDEN.

of October; but better late than never. It will If Roots have not been secured the sooner the pay in comfort and economy. Make your stables better. Put in a cool dry cellar as well ventilated warm, but don't neglect the matter of light and as practicable. ventilation. Both are important.

THE ORCHARD AND FRUIT GARDEN.

Dahlia and other Bulbs that require taking in for the winter, should be unearthed in pleasant

Bearing Fruit Trees require manuring from weather, exposed to the sun until well dried of time to time, and now is a favorable time to give and then put up in dry sand or light dry earth the soil around them a coarse dressing. Young and kept in a cool place where they will not trees likely to suffer from gnawing by rabbits freeze.

and mice, may be protected by throwing up a lit

Manuring, Trenching and Draining may be tle mound of earth about the trunk. The ab- done with profit during the fair weather, if time sence of leaves affords an opportunity to clear permits. the trunks and branches of insects and insect

nests of every sort.

Fond du Lac County Fair.

DEAR DOCTOR :-The Fond du Lac county

Cider-Makers are referred to article in October number. Parties who have cider and want to know how to keep it, are referred to the follow- Fair, now in progress at this place, is a gratifying

ing additional recipe by Solon Robinson:

"Get it clean by repeated racking, and fining with isinglass, and then put it up in new, clean and tight barrels. He had drank cider put up in this way which was 17 years old, and it was equal to wine; it was the finest cider that he ever saw." -Report of New York Farmers' Club.

Fruit Trees for Planting that may arive too late from the nursery should be heeled in (burried as to their roots in compact bunches with the stocks inclining, like a tree turned up by the roots,) in light, dry soil, and thus kept until the time for planting in the spring.

success. The weather is delightful. The mild haze of autumn is conducive of a full attendance, and the receipts are large. The show is not large, but choice. The grounds are well selected, roomy and contain a fine track. The Society has erected a large building on the grounds, which embraces the entire show of garden and field products, the display of fruits, fine arts and handicraft of the ladies. This hall, though not quite adapted to the purpose for which it was built, is the most spacious of any similar building in the State, and the exhibition here is the center of attraction. The show of stock is not

Young Standards to be root-grafted should be large, though there are some fine horses, a few heeled in, this month, in the cellar.

Cions for grafting should be taken now, after the leaves have fallen, packed in bunches, burried in dry sand and kept in the cellar.

Labels, Plots and Stakes should be prepared during the stormy weather of winter, when outdoor work cannot be done.

Durhams and some neat specimens of Devons, which are the handsomest cattle in the world.The sheep department overshadows every other consideration among the farmers. Fond du Lac county has some of the best sheep in the West, and may be justly proud of her show in this department. Among the exhibitors I observed Blackberries and Raspberries, require laying some of those who bore off the pulm at the State down-at least they will be all the better for it. Fair. The flocks of Brooks, Bishop, HamCut out the old canes, loosen the earth a little, if mond, Hawes and others were represented. The necessary on one side, lop the canes over and Spanish Merinos took the lead, as usual, although cover with a few inches of earth or straw secured there were some excellent specimens of South by boards. Downs, Leceisters &c. on the ground.

Grape-Vines should be treated in like manner. Some varieties may live if exposed all winter, but all are safer and better for laying down.

The inevitable bee-man, Bullard, who made so many seemingly perilous demonstrations with bees at the State Fair, was on hand, and had his Strawberries.-Cover them over with old straw, share of the crowd, which he entertained with all the seeds in which have already germinated, his scientific manipulations with the bees, his to the depth of a couple of inches. See articles jokes, witticisms and never ending fun. He deon Strawberry culture in several back numbers. serves to be promoted to a high rank in his proOld Currant and Gooseberry Bushes will be the fession. better for a dressing of coarse manure about the roots.

Fond du Lac county embraces as good farming land as can be found in the West; has a rich fur

tile soil and a population whose leading charac- worth more cut with a saw, than if cut with an teristics are intelligence, industry and enterprise. axe. In chopping a tree 2 feet through, there is Everything is conducive to a healthy and rapid a waste of more than six out of every forty feet, improvement in wealth and home comfort. The in reducing it to four feet lengths. Were the city of Fond du Lac is already the second city in same tree cut by a saw, the waste would be only the State in population and business. Her lum- two and one-half inches. Wood-sawing machines bering interests are immense. The waters of the can be had at no very great cost, adapted to the Wolf, Fox and lake Winnebago, pour the treas- same horse power as drives the threshing maures of the pine forest of the North into her lap, chine; and farmers who own such horse powers, and her scores of mills, running constantly, turn will find it to their interest, if they have timber out an incredible amount of lumber. No city in to spare and a wood market near, to supply the State can show a more rapid growth, and I themselves with a saw mill. The saving of know of no city in the West where prospects are wood is surely an item worthy of consideration; brighter than they are here. but, in addition to that, machine labor is cheaper

The "FARMER," as well as its managers, has than hand labor. In winter are many spare days many good friends in this part of the State, and when teams may be advantageously employed their many courtesies and ever kindly greetings in cutting wood for the market, as well as for the will always be remembered. family supply.-Canada Farmer.

Fond du Lac, Oct., 5, 1865.

son.

Yours,
C.

Thought in Farming.

An Out-Door Cellar.

It is very unwise to store a large quantity o Forecast, energy, perseverence-what will they vegetables in the cellar of a farm house, even if not accomplish? Not the majority of farmers it is of sufficient capacity. In the latter part of lay their plans for years ahead, but wait the time winter there will be some decay, and nothing can of action, and then have no well digested plan, be more detrimental to health than living over a and perhaps no plan at all, with which to com mass of decaying vegetable matter. But few mence and carry on the operations of the sea- cellars are large enough to hold the products of All this is wrong, for the habit of planning the farm that require winter storage. As we is one of the elements of successful agriculture. devote more attention to the economical feeding There are many failures simply from this one of stock, the necessity of good root cellars will point. Forecast should accompany energy and be felt more seriously. Carrots, beets, parsnips, perseverence, for without it they will not work cabbage and the like require cellar room. to the advantage they otherwise would with the sandy hill side is the best place for making a celproper forethought. What we want, is greater lar; in this situation good drainage is secured as mental application, more enlarged and careful well as easy access. A good cellar, however, can thought, with the energy of purpose characteris- be made in any place where the water will not be tic of the successful man of business, and we shall succeed. "Success is secure unless energy fails."

A

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within three or four feet of the surface. Especial pains must be taken to secure drainage. Dig down as far as drainage will allow, and throw "Farmers should look ahead several years to the earth back to be used in banking up. If raise good crops." There is much need for rough stones are to be had, they are best for the thought in the farmer, and I think more, than walls; if not, posts and planks will answer. there is in the business man of the city, because strong ridge pole is necessary, which must be the farmer has a more varied business-more supported by posts. Bank the sides with earth things to think of things that to succeed with and plank the roof, and cover with straw or must be studied, because of a nature requiring a leaves, over which rough boards, or somelong time before the returns come in. thing of the kind, must be placed to prevent blowing off. An easy entrance should be made at the front by digging down the earth in a gradual slope; and as this part will be exposed to the

Sawed vs. Chopped Wood.

As the value of wood is increasing, it is im-weather, it should be made double; and if of portant to prepare it in the most economical boards, filled between with straw. Where stone There is much waste of chips in chop- is used, a space for air is sufficient.—Michigan ping cord-wood, and besides, a cord of wood is Farmer.

manner.

Stock Register.

Age of Sheep for Mutton.

are of some account, especially when given to animals laboring under soreness of the organs of deglutition, which incapacitates them from swallowing more solid food. In the event of the ani

An English writer says: "A sheep, to be in mal becoming prostrated by inability to masticate high order for the palate of the epicure, should or swallow more solid food, linseed tea may be not be killed earlier than five years old, at which resorted to, and in cases of irritable cough, the age the mutton will be rich and succulent, of a addition of a little honey makes it still more usedark color, and full of the richest gravy; where ful. In the latter form it may be given to anias, if it is only two years old, it is flabby, pale mals laboring under acute or chronic disease of add flavorless." the urinary apparatus, more especially of the kidneys.

This is, doubtless, true; but when shall we have well-fatted five year old mutton in the Uni

To prepare Linseed 1ea.-Put a couple of handted States? Mutton here is coming into favor fuls of the seed into a bucket, and pour a gallon more and more every year, and there is every in- and a half of boiling water upon it. Cover it up ducement, from the high prices that a choice a short time and then add a couple of quarts of article commands, to meet this growing demand. cold water, when it will be fit for use.-Prairie Farmer. We ate some Kentucky mutton lately that was really fine-tender, juiey, and high flavored; but such mutton cannot be obtained every day, at and price. With as fine a country as any in the world for sheep-raising, we are lamentably behind the age in developing its capacities, and obliged to continue eating mutton of third-rate quality and screw it fast to the hoof, crossways of the Germantown Telegraph.

Clover Hay for Sheep.

Remedy for Cracked Hoofs.

Take a piece of copper four inches long and two inches wide, and drill eight holes, four in each end, so as not to interfere with the crack,

crack; then take a hot iron with a sharp edge, and burn the crack at the edge of the hair till it goes through to the quick. After this let the An esteemed correspondent says when he has horse run on pasture, and it will begin to heal up well cured clover hay, cut in blossom, he never in a few weeks. Care should be taken to close feeds his sheep grain, unless it be to the ewes the crack tight before the plate is fastened on about lambing time, and they come out in the So says a practical farmer of Pleasant Valley, O. spring healthy and in excellent condition. With clover, if grain is needed, feed oats; with timothy, corn is better. If he commences to feed grain late in the winter, he expects to lose much of the wool, but, he observes, that is better than to lose the sheep. With plenty of well-cured clover hay, cut in blossom, sheep need no turnips or potatoes to keep them in good condition.Genesee Farmer.

Linseed Tea for Sick Horses.

Origin of Mules in the United States.

Up to the year 1773, there were scarcely any mules to be found in the United States-those few had been imported from the West Indies, and were of a very inferior order.

When Washington returned to private life at Mount Vernon, he became convinced that mules would be better adapted to use in the agriculture of the Southern States, as they lived longer, were less liable to disease, require less food, and were more economical than horses.

Linseed tea is not only a valuable restorative for sick horses, but it is exceedingly useful in cases of inflammation of the membranes peculiar On his views becoming known to the King of to the organs of respiration and digestion; it Spain, he sent him a jack and two jennies. The shields and lubricates the same; tranquilizes the jack was sixteen hands high, of a grey color, irritable state of the parts, and favors healthy ac- heavily made, and of sluggish disposition. About

tion.

We have prescribed linseed tea in large the same time he also received a jack and some quantities, during the past month, for horses la- jennies from Lafayette, which were procured on boring under the prevailing influenza, they seem- the island of Malta. These proved more feroing to derive much benefit from it, and generally cious and active. By crossing the breed, Washdrinking it with avidity. Aside from the benefit itngon availed himself of the best qualities of the we derived from the action of mucilage and oil, two, and thus introduced excellent mules for which the seed contains, its nutritive elements farming labor into this country.