quested the home government to withdraw the imperial troops, and to allow them complete responsibility, but it was not till January, 1870, that the last British regiment, the 18th, left the colony. The same year the long and harassing war was brought to a close, and a durable peace established.

The regiments engaged in, the New Zealand War of 1845-47 were the 58th., 65th., 96th., and 99th. Foot; and in the war of 1860-66 the 1st. Battalion, 12th. Regiment; 2nd. Battalion, 14th. Regiment; 2nd. Battalion, 18th Regiment; and the 40th., 43rd., 50th., 57th., 65th., 68th., and 70th. Regiments.

THE INDIAN GENERAL SERVICE MEDAL.

SINCE the publication of the first edition of this work, the medal granted for the "Second Burmese War, 1852-3," and the war with Persia, 1856-7, has been designated the "Indian General Service Medal," and is now always given as a reward for the almost perpetual expeditions* against the native tribes on the frontiers of India, and in adjoining territories. The medal, designed by L. C. Wyon, was first issued in 1854, with a clasp "Pegu," to commemorate the services against the Burmese in 1852-3; and was also given for the Persian campaign, 1856-57, with clasp "Persia." By a general order, July 1, 1869, the medal with a clasp inscribed "North West Frontier," was granted for services on the North West Frontier of India, dating from 1849 to 1863. On the obverse of this medal is the diademed head of the Queen, with the legend "Victoria Regina." On the reverse is a figure of Victory crowning a seated classic warrior with a aurel wreath. In the exergue is the lotus flower, but neither legend nor date. Ribbon alternate stripes of crimson and blue. The name and regiment, or ship, are indented on the edge of the medal.

Generally, but not invariably, where the recipient had served in two or more expeditions, and had previously gained the

* So numerous were these expeditions, that no less than fifteen occurred between the years 1849 and 1855 inclusive.

medal, a bar or clasp only was added to those already worn, instead of giving another medal; but subsequent to 1876 instances occur of men having two medals, with bars for different campaigns. Since 1869, by a series of general orders, twelve bars have been issued with this medal, inscribed"Umbeyla," "Bhootan," "Looshai," "Perak," - "Jowaki, - 1877-8”—“Naga,”—“Burma, 1885-7"-"Sikkim, 1888”—“Hazara, 1888"- Burma, 1887-89"- 'Chin-Lushai, 1889-90” —“ Samana,

66

1891"-the medal in all cases being the same.

SECOND BURMESE WAR.

1852-53.

THE King of Ava having refused redress for injuries inflicted on British subjects at Rangoon, in violation of the treaty of Yandaboo, concluded at the termination of the first Burmese war, after an ineffectual attempt at negociation, hostilities commenced. Troops were collected from Bengal and Madras, and placed under the command of Major-General Godwin, who had borne a prominent part in the first war with Ava. The Queen's regiments which formed part of the force were the 18th., 51st., and 80th.,* and a naval squadron, under the command of Commodore Lambert, consisting of H.M.S. "Fox" (40), "Serpent" (16), "Rattler" (11), Hermes (6), "Salamander (6), and a gunboat, with thirteen vessels of the East Indian Company and Uncovenanted Service, took a very active part in the operations, afloat and ashore.

Major-General Godwin embarked with the force under his command on the 28th. of March, 1852, and three days afterwards the destruction of the stockades on the banks of the river Irrawaddy was effected. The next service was the attack and capture of Martaban, on the 5th. of April, in

* 18th., eight hundred and fifty men; 51st., nine hundred; 80th., four hundred and sixty; Artillery, five companies, five hundred and seventeen; Native Infantry, three regiments, two thousand eight hundred; Gun Lascars, seventy; Sappers and Miners, one hundred and seventy; in all five thousand seven hundred and sixty-seven men.

which portions of the 18th. and 80th. shared. Captain Campbell commanded the wing of the 18th., and Major Lockhart that of the 80th. Captain Gillespie, in command of the grenadiers of the former regiment was first on the walls, and the soldier following him received three wounds. About seven o'clock in the morning the troops landed, and the storming party was soon under the walls and over them, when Lieutenant-Colonel Reignolds at once took possession, after some skirmishing, of the pagoda on the height, and by eight o'clock a.m. Martaban was won. The storming party from the 80th. was commanded by Captain Christie of that regiment.

At this period the Madras division (comprising the 51st. regiment) had not arrived at Rangoon, but by the 7th of April it reached the rendezvous at the mouth of the Rangoon river, and on the 11th (Sunday) Rangoon was bombarded. The ships silenced and destroyed the stockades at the mouth of the river, and Commander Tarleton of the "Fox" landed with a party of seamen and marines, spiked the guns and destroyed their ammunition. At daybreak on the following morning the troops commenced landing. They had not proceeded far when some guns were opened on the British, and shortly afterwards skirmishers showed themselves in the jungle. This was a new mode of fighting with the Burmese, as no instance occurred in the former war of their attacking the flanks or quitting their stockades. Now they were not only good shots, but bold in their operations, and clever in selecting their ground and covering themselves. A strong outwork named the White House Redoubt was assaulted; the storming party, of which four companies of the 51st. Light Infantry, under LieutenantColonel St. Maur, formed part, carried the stockade, but in consequence of the intense heat of the sun, which occasioned the death of two officers, it was not until the 14th. of April that the fortified town and pagoda of Rangoon were stormed and captured. A Naval Brigade of one hundred and twenty men, under Lieutenant Dorville of the "Fox," served on shore with the troops, and worked a battery of heavy guns.

The 80th. and 18th. formed the advance, and the 51st., under Major Errington, Colonel St. Maur having been compelled to