applying the same to mills, machinery, ploughs, tools, and equipage in general, and almost to an endless variety of valuable purposes, and in particular to carriages; and also a method or methods of making less disastrous and less frequent the overturning of carriages, and of improving their structure and of guiding and governing thê same, which carriages or mechanism, when embracing his appendages and conceits, he distinguishes by the name of Oss or George's Wain. Dated February 4, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

SAMUEL BROWN, a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, and now residing in Castle-court, Budge-row, Watling-street, in the City of London, for certain inventions and improvements in the rigging of ships or vessels. Dated February 4, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within six months.

WILLIAM FRANCIS SNOWDEN, of Oxford-street, in the county of Middlesex, Engine-maker, for certain improvements in an engine for cutting hay and straw into chaff, and for cutting other articles. Dated February 4, 1808.

JOHN SHORTER MORRIS, of Pancras-place, in the county of Middlesex, Gent. for a certain machine for mangling. Dated February 4, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within four months.

Ralph WedgwOOD, of Oxford-street, in the county of Middlesex, Gent. for his apparatus for producing several original writings or drawings. at one and the same time, which he calls a pennapolygraph, or pen and sty lographic manifold writer. Dated February 22, 1808. Specification to be enrolled within one month.

Specification of the Patent granted to EDWARD THOMASON, of Birmingham, in the County of Warwick, Manufacturer; for an improved Mode of making Hearth-Brushes. Dated October 31, 1803.

With a Plate.

To all to whom these presents shall come, &c. Now KNOW YE, that in compliance with and agreeable to the true intent and meaning of the said proviso in the said letters patent contained, I the said Edward Thomason do hereby declare, that the following is a particular description of the nature of my said invention, and methods and improvements in the mechanism of hearth brushes, both in respect to principle and the way and means in which the same may be performed; that is to say with respect to principle, I cause the bristles to be hid or concealed in the case, tube, or stail, of which I call the "non constat" hearth brush, by the action or movement of pulling towards you the stail, tube, or case, or pushing from you the stail, tube, or case, or VOL. XII.-SECOND SERIES. Ddd

each

each or any of them, as circumstances may require; and I cause the bristles to be ejected or thrown out into a convenient posture of the said case, tube, or stail, by the aforesaid action or movement; that is to say: by pushing from you or pulling towards you the stail, tube, or case, or each or any of them, as circumstances may require. Now I do declare the above-mentioned principle comprehends the real object of my invention; and in order for the better comprehension and understanding how the aforesaid may be reduced to practical use, I do hereby further declare, that although I vary the mode of construction by a variation of circumstances to produce the said effects, and obtain the main purpose intended, that is to say, of concealing the bristles from the eye when the brush is not being used: yet I principally adhere to the method herewith described, as being fully answerable to what is required, and best calculated to be understood from the drawings and descriptions thereof; and the same is described in the three drawings and nine sections represented in the margin of these presents, and the alphabetical letters in the nine sections refer to their respective parts in the drawings.

Drawing Fig. 1, (Plate XV.) represents the hearthbrush in a quiescent state, or after it has been used and shut up, the bristles being concealed in the case X.

Drawing Fig. 2, represents the hearth-brush ready for use, the bristles being ejected or thrown out of the case X by the movement of the tube A, and the stail of the brush lengthened,

Section No. 1, is the outward tube, and slides upon section No. 2, which is an inner tube.

Section No. 2 at F, is screwed or attached to the brush-case, section No. 6, at P.

Sections

1

Sections Nos. 3, 4, and 5 are two racks and a cogwheel, all of which work or move together within the inner tube, section No. 2, as represented in section No. 8 ; that is to say the cog-wheel section No. 4 is fixed by a pin in the inner tube, section No. 2, and moves on two centres at E E in section No. 2.

Section No. 3, is a rack, to which the brush No. 7 is attached at K, and moves from G to H on the cogwheel, section No. 4. Section No. 5 is another rack, which moves from N to O on the cog-wheel, section No. 4, and the end L is fastened to the end of the handle tube, section No. 1 as at a; It is evident then, when the. cog-wheel is fixed in the inner tube, section No. 2, and the two racks properly placed as in section No. 8; that by pulling the end of the rack L, it will give action to the cog-wheel, section No. 4, which cog-wheel in moving gives action to the other rack, section No. 3, and if the rack and cog-wheel are truly made, the rack, section No. 3, will recede from you just as much as the other rack, section No. 5, will move towards you. It is by these means that the stail of the brush is lengthened, and the bristles forced out of the case, section No. 6, into a convenient situation for use.

Section No. 9, is another manner of making the internal movements to obtain the same motion and answer the same end; that is to say that instead of racks and cogwheels, as in section No. 8, I use two or a greater or less number of rollers, drums, or pullies, which move upon their centres at SSSS: à band made of leather, or any other substance that will answer the purpose, is put round these rollers, and sewed or fastened at its two ends as light as convenient. The leg or shaft L UU is fastened

Ddd

fastened to one side of the band, and the leg W to the other side of the band; the leg or shaft L U U within becomes the acting leg, or that which is joined to the handle a, as at section No. 1, in the same manner as section No. 5 is attached to the handle a; and the leg W becomes the brush leg to be attached to the brush part section No. 7, as in manner represented by section No. 3. It appears evident then that if the leg L is pulled, the band will move round upon the rollers in a space nearly as great as the distance from one roller to another, consequently the leg L will have moved out of the tube D F the like space; and on the contrary, the leg W and K will recede or eject from the other end of the tube nearly the same distance.

Drawing Fig. 3 shews how the brush may be hid or concealed in the case, tube, or stail X, by a more simple and less expensive method; that is to say: the tube A A A, is small enough to slide within the tube C C, and long enough to reach the roof or upper part of the brush, and attached thereto as at Q; consequently, if you lay hold of the tube A A A, at a, and pull it upwards or towards you, the bristle or brush part, being attached to it, must necessarily slide into the case X, and by returning the tube A A A into the tube C C, it will naturally force the bristles out of the case X, as is exemplified in the Drawing Fig. 3: and I do hereby further declare, that these hearth-brushes may be made of any kind of metal, such as iron, steel, copper, brass, or any other metal or composition of metal, or any kind of wood, bones, ivory, paper, or any other substance or composition of substances, that may be found sufficiently strong and proper for the purpose or purposes of manufacturing the hearth-brushes. In witness whereof, &c. Specification